摘要
在许多工业过程或科学研究中所遇到的粒子由于本身的性质、形成的机理,其结构呈现明显的非同心特征,如单核生物细胞、大气中的气溶胶粒子、正融化的冰粒子等均可形成非同心球形粒子。为了对这些粒子进行测量或操纵,光散射法是常用且有效的方法,但其前提是需要对粒子内部结构和光学特性有清楚的了解。而在研究光散射时,人们越来越多地使用激光,特别是在用激光束操纵粒子时,波束的直径和粒子的尺寸为同量级或小得多。这时波束对粒子照射的非均匀性必须予以考虑。因此,研究非同心分层球形粒子对有形波束的散射具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。本文在非同心球对平面波散射特性的基础上,系统研究了非同心球对高斯波束散射的特性及其应用。本文主要研究工作和成果如下:
1.针对平面波非同心球散射和有形波束球面波展开中各自常用矢量球面波函数是不同形式的问题,推导了两种形式矢量球面波函数下加法定理的转换系数,以方便在广义米理论框架下非同心球对波束的散射问题研究。
2.基于广义米理论(GLMT),研究了非同心球对高斯波束光散射特性,推导了非同心球有型波束的消光效率、散射效率和吸收效率的公式。利用矢量球面波函数加法定理并通过边界条件方程,获得散射场展开系数满足的方程组,通过求解方程组获得散射场的展开系数。以非同心球为模型研究了单核生物细胞对高斯波束的散射特性并给出了相关数值模拟,讨论了离心距、波束的束腰半径和核的大小对散射强度角分布和散射、消光系数的影响。还对高斯波束照射下,非同心球后向散射场的谐振进行了数值模拟和分析。
3.基于广义米理论,利用高斯波束斜入射情况下波束系数的计算公式,研究了高斯波束斜入射情况下非同心球形粒子的散射特性。推导所得的公式由非同心球对平面波的散射和非同心球对波束的散射两种情况得到了验证。重点研究了高斯波束斜入射情况下的远场散射强度以及消光截面系数。研究了高斯波束照射下硫酸盐包裹着微小碳粒组成的非同心球形粒子以及导体内核的非同心球形粒子的散射特性。
4.基于广义米理论,推导了高斯波束照射到非同心球时对非同心球纵向和横向辐射力公式,给出了高斯波束对非同心球辐射力数值模拟和相关分析。讨论了离心距对纵向辐射力的影响,也讨论了束腰半径、介质折射率和波长对纵向辐射力的影响。还对高斯波束对非同心球纵向辐射力的谐振进行了数值模拟和分析。
Most of particles encountered in many industrial process and scientific research have eccentric structures caused by many effects for instance its character, mechanism of form, industrial process, practical need, etc. Such as Cell consisting of a nuclei, atmospheric aerosols, melting ice sphere, etc. The incident beam can be considered as plane wave when the scatters are very small compared to the dimension of the incident beam . But more generally, the beam shape must be considered when the size of the scatterer is relatively large and the illumination on the scatterer is not homogeneous. On the basis of scattering of plane wave by a spherical particle with an eccentric spherical inclusion, this thesis is devoted to the systemic research on scattering of Gaussian beam by a spherical particle with an eccentric spherical inclusion and its applications on many techniques. The main works and achievements are summarized as follows:
1. In order to study the scattering of the Gaussian beam with an eccentrically stratified dielectric sphere easily, formula of vector spherical wave functions and the transform coefficients for corresponding additional theorem are given.
2. Based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory(GLMT),the scattering characteristics of an eccentrically stratified dielectric sphere are studied. The translational addition theorems for spherical vector wave functions and the boundary conditions are used in solving the scattering coefficients. The eccentrically stratified dielectric sphere model is used to study the scattering characteristics of a nucleated biological cell illuminated by a Gaussian beam. Numerical results and the dependence of scattering characteristics on displacement distance, the beam waist radius and the size of the nucleus are discussed. Resonance of backscattered field for eccentric sphere illuminated by Gaussian beam is numerically simulated and analyzed.
3. Based on the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory,using the formula of beam shape coefficients with arbitrary illumination, the scattering characteristics of Gaussian beam and a eccentric sphere is studied. The simulations are validated for plane wave scattering by an eccentric sphere and shaped beam scattering by a coated sphere. The far-field scattering and extinction efficiency factors of scattering of a Gaussian beam by an eccentric sphere in the general case of oblique illumination are discussed.
4. Formula of radiation forces exerted on an eccentric sphere by a focused Gaussian beam is developed within the framework of the generalized Lorenz-Mie theory (GLMT). Numerical results of the radiation force for an eccentric sphere are given. By reducing the eccentric sphere to a concentric sphere system, the expression of axial force exerted on an eccentric sphere by a focused Gaussian beam is validated. The effects of distance between centers, beam waist, refractive-index and wavelength on axial radiation force are discussed. Resonance of longitudinal radiation force for eccentric sphere illuminated by Gaussian beam is numerically simulated and analyzed.
引文
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