摘要
本文以岩石物理研究为基础,采用实验分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,从地球物理测井响应特征研究入手,系统而较深入地研究了粘土附加导电作用和泥浆侵入作用所形成低阻油气层的成因机理,从而得出了如下的主要认识与创新点。
1) 紧扣低阻油层成因分析的实质,紧紧围绕储层电阻增大率这一核心参数,分析粘土附加导电作用和泥浆侵入作用这两个产生低阻油层的主要成因的机理进行岩石物理研究与数值模拟分析。
2) 通过阳离子交换容量、粘土的分布形式、地层水矿化度和地层温度等因素的岩石物理系统研究得出,粘土附加导电作用能力是它们的复元函数,应该通过多种因素综合分析,才能准确掌握粘土附加导电产生低阻的真正成因。由此得到:
a) 由于成岩作用不同,粘土的分布形式呈多样化,如丝状和覆盖在骨架颗粒表面的粘土膜。由于其大大改善导电网络而大幅提高其附加导电能力,显著地降低储层的电阻率,即使没有其它因素的作用,油层也可以是低阻。
b) 无论地层水矿化度高或低,粘土附加导电均可能造成油气层低阻。同等条件下,地层水矿化度愈低,附加导电作用愈强,愈容易形成低阻油层。
c) 阳离子交换容量加大,电阻率测井值降低,两者间为指数关系。对于不同区块和不同层位的具体储层,它们间的变化规律一致,但具体的量化关系有所不同,这取决于储层的粘土类型及其相对含量方面的因素等。
d) 阳离子交换容量较低时,电阻增大率随之增加而降低速率较大。在同等阳离子交换容量变化时,饱和高矿化度水的岩石电阻率降低值相对大。
3) 本文较深入而全面地分析了淡水泥浆、盐水泥浆和饱和盐水泥浆侵入下电阻率测井的响应特征,从而明确了侵入作用下的低阻油层形成机理:
a) 淡水泥浆侵入提高了水层和含油水层的双侧向电阻率,提高量与含水饱和度大小成正比;而降低油气层的双侧向电阻率,降低量与含油饱和度大小成正比,但降低的变化率较水层的增大率要低得多,从而减少它们间的电阻率差异而形成低阻油层。
b) 淡水泥浆侵入能够提高水层和含油水层的双感应测井电阻率,但提高的幅度不大,而油层的双感应测井电阻率受侵入后降低幅度很大,降低量与含油饱和度成正比,从而减小油层、水层的电阻率差异而形成低阻油层。
c) 盐水泥浆侵入水层时,双侧向测井的电阻率将降低,降低幅度正比于泥浆滤液与地层水矿化度之比(C_(mf)/C_w)。侵入油层时,双侧向测井的电阻率大为降低,其降低值正比于C_(mf)/C_w和含油饱和度越高。盐水泥浆侵入时,水层电阻率降低较小而油层电阻率大为降低,因此形成低阻油层。
In the article the genetic mechanism of low resistivity pay is studyed by the numbers and in-depth under the action of additional conductivity of clay and magmatic inrush at the base of rock physics research , which starts with the study of geophysics logging response characteristic and adopts the method of experiment analysis integrated with numerical simulation, and has some new cognitions and innovations as following.1) Holding the essential of analysing the causes of low resistivity pay and the principal parameter that is the rate of resistance augment, the action of additional conductivity of clay and magmatic inrush which maybe the main genetic mechanism of low resistivity pay are analysed by adopting the method of rock physics research integrated with numerical simulation.2) After a systematical rock physics research of the amount of cation exchange, the distributing shape of the clay, the salinity of stratum-water, the stratum temperature and so on, we will know that the ability of additional conductivity of clay is the function of the influence factors above. We can get the real reason that the additional conductivity of clay generates low resistance pays well and truly by analysing all kinds of factors synthetically. We can make several conclusions as following:a) The distributing shape is various because of different ore-forming processes.Silk clay film overlaying the framework grains inproves the the ability of the additional conductivity greatly through ameliorating the conduct meshwork enormously,and decreases the resistivity of the pays.So the resistance of oil layer maybe low even through there are no other influence factors.b) No matter what the salinity of stratum-water is high or low, the additional conductivity influence of clay may make pay have low resistance. In the same condition, the lower the salinity of stratum-water and the stronger the additional conductivity influence, the easier the make of low resistance oil layer.c) When the amount of cation exchange increases, the value of resistivity log reduces, and exponential relation is between them. The variable rule in them is consistent with idiographic reservoir in the different region and stratification pay, but the idiographic quantized relation has a few difference, which lies on the kind of reservoir's clay, the factor of its relative content aspects, and so on.d) In the regionality of the lower amount of cation exchange, the speed which the rate of resistance augment reduces with the increase of the amount of cation exchange is very fast.When the equal amount of cation exchange changes , the reduced value of the rock resistance which has high salinity water is big in contrast.3) This chapter studies response characteristic of resistivity log after the
intrusion of fresh mud, salty mud, saturated salty mud deeply and thoroughly, then specify the genetic mechanism of low resistivity pay formed by magmatic intrusion as following:a) Intrusion of fresh mud will increase dual lateral resistivity of water layer and oil-water layer. The increment is proportional to the saturation of water. However, intrusion of fresh mud will reduce dual lateral resistivity of pay. The reduction is proportional to the saturation of oil. But the slope of reduction is much smaller than the slope of increment above. This will reduce the difference between the resistivity of water layer and the resistivity of oil layer ,and form a low resistivity oil layer.b) Intrusion of fresh mud will increase dual induction resistivity of water layer and oil-water layer, but the increment is not large. However, the dual induction resistivity of oil layer reduces greatly after intrusion. The reduction is proportional to the saturation of oil.This will reduce the difference between the resistivity of oil layer and the resistivity of water layer, and form a low resistivity oil layer.c) When salty mud intrudes into water layer, the dual lateral resistivity will reduce. The reduction is proportional to the ratio of the salinity of mud filtrate and that of strata water (Cmf/Cw). However, when salty mud intrudes into oil layer, the dual lateral resistivity reduces greatly. The reduction is not only proportional to Cmf/Cw, but also proportional to the saturation of oil. When salty mud intrudes into the layer, the reduction of water layer is small, but the reduction of oil layer is great. This will form a low resistivity oil layer.
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