摘要
本文通过在山西晋中灵石县调查和饲养明纹柏松毛虫,系统研究了该虫的生物生态学特性,为做好种群发生期预测预报有效治理松毛虫积累了数据。研究结果如下:
1 明纹柏松毛虫在灵石县一年发生一代,以3～5龄幼虫越冬,翌年3月底至4月上旬越冬幼虫开始上树取食;幼虫多数有8龄,幼虫期133.5天,幼虫越冬前期和结茧化蛹前期发育历期较长;雌蛾比雄蛾寿命长;雌蛹蛹期比雄蛹短。
2 明纹柏松毛虫幼虫主要在夜间取食,占全天总取食量的75.71%;7、8龄幼虫的取食量占幼虫期总取食量的76.48%;粪粒大小和幼虫龄期大小相对称,龄期越大,粪粒越大;同龄幼虫的粪粒大小和重量基本一致;幼虫每次脱皮前1～3天停止排粪,脱皮后一天内排粪量也较少,第二日才逐渐增多。
3 自然条件下,成虫羽化后第一天即可求偶,求偶最早出现在20:00,从21:00起求偶百分率明显增加,22:00～23:00求偶百分率最高;雌蛾求偶行为系羽化后3～5天最强烈,羽化后第3天求偶百分率可高达100%,第6天求偶率明显下降。
4 成虫随温度升高,产卵量和次数减少;卵在29℃～37℃连续光照下滞育,连续黑暗下,随温度升高发育历期减短,发育速率加快。
雌雄成虫发育历期均随温度升高而减短,发育速率加快;连续黑暗时的发育历期比光照下的长,发育速率慢;无食物供应的发育历期比有食物时的长,发育速率慢。
得到卵和成虫在各种不同条件下的有效积温预测式。
5 明纹柏松毛虫幼虫的空间分布型为聚集型的负二项分布,聚集原因可能是昆虫本身的聚集习性或环境条件引起。
6 采取烟雾弹急防明纹柏松毛虫幼虫灾害和利用诱虫灯捕杀成虫有非常明显的成效。
This article, which accumulates dates for founding the natural population life table of the D.suffuscus illustratus Lajonquiere and fingers prevention indexes in managing the D.suffiiscus illustratus Lajonquiere efficiently , studied the Bio-ecological characteristics of the D.suffuscus illustratus Lajonquiere systematically. Indicating as follows:1 D.suffuscus illustratus Lajonquiere has one generation each year in Linshi county, and spends its winter by the third to fifty stadia Larvae. The hibernating Larvaes of northern slops started to feed on trees at the end of the march to the beginning of April in the following year. Most of the Larvaes have eight stadia. It's 133.5 days in Larvae. There is a long growth period at the beginning of they get through winter and get cocoon to pupate, and the female lived longer than the male.2 The quantity feeding by the D.suffuscus illustratus Lajonquiere during seventh to eighth occupied 76.48% of the whole quantity in larvae. Most of them feeding in night, and the quantity they feed during night occupy 75.71 of the day, and the bulk of dung grain is according to the stadia of the larvae. The longer the stadia are, the larger dung grain is. The bulk and the weight are similar if they were in the same stadia. The larvae will stop excreting for one to three days when they will shed. The quantity of excrete will be larger two days later.3 In naturally, the results of female calling behavior showed that female began to call in the first day after emergence, and the calling activity was most intensive during 3-5 days and it went down from the sixth day. They may amphimixis at 20 : 00. The calling peak appeared at 22 : 00-23 : 00 o'clock.4 The quantity and time the imago can leg eggs will induce if the environment get cool. The egg disposed if settled under continuous sunshine of 29℃-37℃. The growth period gets slowly and the growth speed get faster if in continues dark and high temperature. The imagoes' growth period gets slowly and the growth speed gets faster in continuous dark or sunshine whenever there is food or not. But the growth period in continuous dark is longer than in continuous sunshine. According these we could get the Preformula of effective temperature of the eggs and imagoes period in different conditions.5 The special distribution patterns of larvae are congregating distribution. The reason is probable caused by the congregating habits or condition of environments of their own, guessing that is height or insect habits (laying eggs feeding) pollution and so on.6 The affection is obviously in using aerosol to prevent the disaster of their larvaes and in using the ultraviolet light to kill imago.
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