摘要
自首制度在我国刑法中是一项非常重要的刑罚裁量制度，是刑罚制度的重要组成部分。本文从不同的角度对我国刑法中的自首制度进行论述。全文共分四个部分。第一部分：自首制度概述。本文先从历史角度对我国自首制度的立法进行考察，接着论述了自首的概念和本质，然后从不同角度对自首的种类进行了划分。第二部分：自首的构成要件。自首包括一般自首和准自首。对一般自首和准自首的构成要件在理论上存在着争论。作者认为，一般自首的构成要件包括两个方面，一是自动投案，二是如实供述自己的罪行。准自首成立的两个条件是：其一，主体必须是被采取强制措施的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人或是正在服刑的罪犯；其二，必须如实供述司法机关尚未掌握的本人其他罪行。第三部分：自首制度适用中的疑难问题。本文首先论述了特别自首。特别自首不是坦白，应属于独立的自首类型，它有独特的成立要件。其次论述了亲告罪自首。最后论述了共同犯罪的自首。第四部分：自首的刑事责任。本部分论述了自首刑事责任的理论依据、自首的刑事责任的立法及适用、自首的刑事责任的立法完善等问题。作者认为，首先，自首制度的价值取向是功利优先，兼顾公
正。其次，自首的刑事责任的立法及适用有绝对从宽型、相对从
宽型、混合型三种。我国刑法采取混合型。第三，应在立法上对
我国自首的刑事责任进行完善。
Hie system of voluntary surrender to justice is one of the most important systems of penalty judgment in the China criminal law. Author states it from diverse angers in this dissertation which consists of four parts. Part one: The brief account of voluntary surrender to justice. First, author discusses the legislation of voluntary surrender to justice from historical anger. Second, author expounds the concept and essence of voluntary surrender to justice. Last, author divides voluntary surrender to justice into different types from various viewpoints.
Part two: The constitution of voluntary surrender to justice. There are two kinds of voluntary surrenders to justice, namely, general voluntary surrender to justice and voluntary surrender to justice about unspotted crime. There exist theoretical disputes about such constitution. Author thinks that general voluntary surrender to justice concludes two conditions. One is that subject should surrender automatically and the other is that he must truly state his crime. Author thinks that voluntary surrender to justice about unspotted crime also concludes two conditions. One is that the subject must be the suspect controlled in the compulsory measure , thei accused, or the criminal in prison. The other is that what sub-
ject truly confesses must be other crimes that the authorities do not probe before.
Part three: The questions in the application of voluntary surrender to justice. Author discusses the special voluntary surrender to justice at the beginning. Special voluntary surrender to justice is not confession and should be the independent type of voluntary surrender to justice because of the distinctive constitution. Author also discusses the voluntary surrender to justice about the crime started only by complain and voluntary surrender to justice in joint offense.
Part four; The criminal responsibility of voluntary surrender to justice. Author discusses the questions such as the theoretical ground of legislation, the application about voluntary surrender to justice and the improvement in it. First, author thinks that the worth of voluntary surrender to justice embodies is the combination of the prior utility with secondary justice. Second, the legislation and application of the criminal responsibility of voluntary surrender to justice conclude three types, namely, the type of absolute leniency; the type of relative leniency; the type of compound. What China criminal law adopts is the latter. Third, some measures should be taken if there is to be improvement in the legislation of the system of voluntary surrender to justice.
引文
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