基于地理空间的海域使用管理信息系统框架研究
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摘要
海域作为重要的自然资源,是海洋经济发展的重要基础和载体。特别是在当今世界经济、科技高速发展,陆地资源减少、人口增多、环境恶化的情况下,世界各国对海洋的关注达到了前所未有的高度。为了顺应这一世界潮流,我国自1993年开始对海域使用进行规范化管理。经过八年多的探索和实践,初步形成了海域使用管理制度的基本框架,并在2001年出台了具有里程碑意义的《海域使用管理法》。
     为了有效地贯彻实施《海域使用管理法》第五条“国家建立海域使用管理信息系统,对海域使用状况实施监视、监测”,需要我们研究并建立海域使用管理信息系统。本文“基于地理空间的海域使用管理信息系统框架研究”,就是应上述需要而开展的。
     首先,由于海域的地理空间特征和海域使用的人为特性,是海域使用管理中的两个十分重要的因子,因此,本文采用了面向对象和工作流管理等先进技术,结合全组件式地理信息系统、遥感和GPS等技术,开展了基于地理信息的海域使用管理逻辑结构与基本框架研究,为海域使用管理信息系统的最终建立奠定了基础。
     其次,由于海域使用管理业务数据除空间特性外,还具有多源、多尺度、多坐标、类型复杂、数据量大等特征,因此,本文重点研究了与海域使用管理相关的空间数据模型与数据框架,解决了海域使用管理相关地理空间数据的复合与订正、组织与结构、质量管理与标准规范等一系列关键技术问题,并提出了切实有效的空间数据和非空间数据的不同的存储、管理方式,建立了海域使用管理空间数据库系统。
     再者,由于不同海域具有不同的使用功能和使用价值,因此,本文特别在海
    
    洋功能区划、海域使用审批与确权、海域的有偿使用、海域资源资产化管理等方
    面,开展了详细讨论与研究,提出了不少新的方法与思路,建立了基于地理空间
    的海域使用管理的应用模式与应用体系。
     最后,本文在海域使用管理框架体系研究的基础上,利用综合集成等技术,
    将Gls、Rs、GPS等有机地结合在一起,并以宁波为示范区建立了海域使用管理
    应用示范系统,为在全国各级海洋管理部门全面推广与应用本系统创造了有利条
    件和技术保障。到目前为止,本系统已经在全国30多个沿海省、市、县得到了推
    广与应用。
As an important natural resorurce, sea area is an important basis and carrier of marine economic development. Especially in the content. Of the rapid development of economy, science and techonlogy, dwindling land resources, increasing population and deteriorating enviornment in the world today, the attention paid by all countries to the coean has reached an unprecedented degree. In response to this world trend, China has exercised standardized control sea area use since 1993. Through over eight years' exploration and practice, the basic framework for the regulatory system of sea area has basically come into being, and, in 2001, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Management of Sea Area Use with significance of a milestone was published.
    In order to effectively implement Article 5 of the law: "The State shall establish the information system for the management of sea area use and carry out surveillance and monitoring of the status of the sea area use." it is necessary for us to research into and establish the information system for the management of sea area use. It is in response to such needs that the paper is written.
    Firstly, as the geographical space characteristics and the artificial character of sea area use are the two very important factors in the management of sea area use, the paper employs such advanced technologies as object orientation and work flow management and, in combination with such technologies as the full-module GIS, remote-sensing and GPS, conducts the research on the logical structure and basic framework of sea area use management on the basis of geographical information, thus laying the foundation for the eventual establishment of the information system for the management of sea area use .
    Secondly, apart from the spatial character, the operational data of sea area use management are characterized by multi-source, multiple scale, and coordinate, complex type and large quantity, etc, so this paper has laid emphasis on studying the spatial data
    
    
    
    model and the data framework related to the management of sea area use, solved a series of key technical problems such as check and correction, organization and structrue, quality management and standard norms for the geographical sapce data associated with the management of sea area use, proposed various practical and effective ways of storing and managing spatial and non-spatial data and established the spatial data base system for the management of sea area use.
    Thirdly, as different sea areas have different functions and values for use, the paper especially makes a detailed discussion and research in terms of marine functional zoning, examination and approval of the sea area use, user pays for the established rights and sea area use, and management of sea area resoruces as assets, proposes a number of new methods and trains of thought and established the applied model and system for the sea area use based on geographical space.
    Finally, on the basis of the research on the framework system of sea area use management, using such technologies as synthesis and integration and organically combining GIS, RS and GPS, the paper establishes the applied demonstration system for the management of sea area use with Ningbo as the demonstration zone, thus creating favourable conditions and technical support for the general spread and application of the system at all levels of oceanic administration throughout China. So far, this system has been disseminated and applied in over 30 coastal provinces, municipalities and counties in China.
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