摘要
当前，我国国民经济高速发展的客观需求和矿产勘查成果之间出现了很大差距。随着经济的高速发展，对矿物原料的需求量将迅速上升，加之区域性、地方性经济和地勘队伍自身发展所需求的矿产资源迅速增加，更加大了它们之间的差距。因此，如何快速、准确的进行矿产预测显得尤其重要。
遥感与GIS相结合用于成矿预测中可大大提高预测工作的效率和可靠性。通过对研究区的遥感图像处理和地质、构造、地层、岩石、矿化蚀变等有关信息的特征提取、遥感、地质数据和物化探数据的综合与复合分析，在一定成矿理论和数学模型指导下，建立GIS综合找矿模型。在此基础上，发展这一方法及理论并建立完善的预测体系，不仅对研究程度较低的新区矿床预测有用，而且对研究程度较高的老区寻找新类型和点状大型、超大型矿床都具有重要理论意义和实际意义。同时，对研究和发展矿床定量预测理论也有重要的科学意义和实用价值。本文在遥感与GIS支持下，通过图像处理、信息提取及基于数学模型的多元信息叠加，预测了冕宁—盐源地区金矿成矿有利区。并取得了以下成果：
(1)通过遥感图像数字处理，制作完成了实验区的高精度遥感影像地图及遥感解译图，建立了冕宁-盐源-西昌一带空间数据库，包括基础数据(行政区、地名、水系等)和专题数据(断裂、地层、地质体等)，为该区进一步工作提供了科学依据；
(2)根据各个多元信息成矿预测模型的优缺点，分析了不同预测模型的适用条件和范围，确定了研究区采用的数学模型。实践表明，代数叠加法比较适合于地质研究程度较低的地区；
(3)研究基于GIS的多元信息成矿预测模型，探讨基于不同数学模型之上的成矿预测适用条件和范围，解决了以往传统方法中仅通过纸质地图进行简单分析的不精确性；
(4)通过对研究区成矿有利区预测成果的级别划分，提出用结果分布统计图辅助分段的方法对结果值进行分段。这种划分方法不同于传统的等间距、不等间距划分方法，避免了划分的主观性，更有利于对预测结果高值区域的划分；
(5)根据预测因子的级别分数和权重，通过GIS叠加分析操作，生成一系列的成矿预测系列图件，根据预测图件，在研究区圈定6个成矿有利区。
At present, there is a great disparity between the economic high speed developmental demands of our country and mineral resource. With the high-speed development of economy, the demands for mineral materials will increase rapidly. In addition, the demands of mineral resource will also increase quickly due to local economic development and other reasons. So, it is important for us to find out more mineral resources in a short time.
The efficiency and reliability of minerogenetic prediction can be improved by combining RS with GIS .We processed RS images ,extracted the geological information related to mineralizing , such as geology, structures , stratam , rocks, etc, synthetically analysed remote sensing , the geological data and geo-chemistry, under the guidance of the theory and mathematic model , set up GIS mineralize model .On this condition, to develop this method and its theory, and to establish a system of perfect prediction, it is not only useful in studied degree area but also favorable for looking for new type and some form large-scale deposits in old studied area , and it has a great theoretical meaning. Meanwhile ,it has an important scientific meaning and practical value for studying and developing the quantitative prediction theory of mineral deposits . Supported by remote sensing and CIS, through image processing, information extracting and based on mathematic models of plural information , in this paper, some favorable
gold areas in Mian-ning and Yan-yuan area have been predicted , and it achieved the following results:
(l)Through remote sensing image digital processing , we made high accuracy remote sensing images and image interpretion maps .constructed a geodatabase of Mianning - Yanyuan- Xichang area, including basic data(district .drainage ,etc.) and thematic data (rupture, stratum , magmatic rock, etc.). This will provide scientific evidences for work of this area in the future.
(2)According to the advantages and disadvantages of plural information , the author analysed suited conditions and ranges of different predictable models .confirmed the mathematic model to be adopted in the studied areas. Practice indicating: algebraic method can be used in those area where study degree is very lower.
(3)Author studied the mineralize prediction model of plural information based on CIS, discussed the applications of different mathematic models, and also solved inaccurate which analysed only by normal maps in the past.
(4)Through level division of the predict result which favorable for mineralize district in the studied areas .We put up a graduate method which is used to divide graduations of statistical result .This kind of dividing method is different from traditional interval or non-interval graduate method, it can avoid a subjectivity for level division and is favorable to divide the high value of the result.
(5)In the light of rank points and weight of the predicting factors, minerogenetic prediction map had been made .On the basis of the map , six favorable districts to mineralize
had been determined.
引文
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