摘要
地理信息系统（GIS）在资源调查、评价、管理和监测，在城市的管理、规划和市政工程、行政管理与空间决策、灾害的评估与预测、地籍管理及土地利用，在交通、农业、公安等诸多领域得到了广泛的应用，随着桌面地理信息系统软件的成熟，利用GIS的空间信息处理能力实现信息管理系统的可视化已成为一种趋势。GIS所具有的独特的空间数据处理能力和不可替代性，使其成为具有空间数据特性的事务处理中的一个重要技术手段和解决方案，成为最重要的信息处理系统之一，学术界与工程界都越来越关注地理信息系统的发展。相对来讲，GIS中空间分析功能的发展显得比较落后，而空间分析是建立在空间目标位置和属性表达以及目标间复杂空间关系表达的基础上，要提高空间分析能力，必须解决空间关系描述与表达。因此，空间拓扑关系的研究已成为GIS研究的重点和热点。近年来，空间推理的快速发展，也促进了GIS的发展，地理信息系统成为空间推理最成熟也最广泛的应用领域。因此，研究、分析、探讨拓扑空间关系和空间推理，对促进地理信息系统的发展有重要的学术和实用意义。
本文通过研究GIS中的核心问题--拓扑空间关系，将空间推理的方法应用到空间关系的分析中。在拓扑关系和方向关系复合推理的基础上，提出了将拓扑和方向结合起来进行拓扑关系定性推理的方法，并取得了一定的成果。
论文首先介绍了地理信息系统以及拓扑空间关系，空间推理的基本概念、研究背景、内容和现状，确定了论文研究涉及的相关知识领域。
其次具体介绍了拓扑空间关系和空间推理，尤其是空间定性推理研究的基本内容、理论依据、研究重点、难点、研究方法，提出将空间推理的方法和推理机制引入到拓扑空间关系的分析研究中来。
再次，将空间推理的方法具体应用到拓扑关系的分析中，将拓扑推理中用到的复合推理和分层推理的方法引入到方向空间关系的分析上来，首次提出在拓扑和方向复合推理的基础上，将两者有机结合，进一步进行拓扑推理的思想，并探讨了相应的规则。
最后，建立了将拓扑复合推理和方向复合推理有机结合，进一步进行拓扑推理的原型系统，从实践的角度验证这一推理模型的正确性，并验证了相应的推理规则
GIS (geographical information system) has been widely used in many fields, such as resource research, evaluation, management and inspection; city management, programming, and city engineering administration management, special decision, disaster evaluation and forecast, geographical management and utilization, and traffic, agriculture, public security, etc. With the maturity of software of the desktop GIS, information management system's visibility has become a trend by using the spatial information handling capability of GIS. The unique spatial data handling capability and non-replaceable of GIS, made it become an important technology and solution that has spatial data characteristic and GIS has become one of the most important information system. Academy and engineering circles have paid more attention on the development of GIS. Relatively, the development of spatial analytical function of GIS is slow. Meanwhile, the spatial target location, attribution expression and complex spatial relation expression between targets put the foundation of spatial analyses. In order to improve the capability of spatial analyses, we must find a solution which can accomplish the description and expression of spatial relationship. Therefore, the study of spatial topological relationship has become a hot point in the research of GIS. In recent years, spatial reasoning has great development, at the same time it promote the development of GIS which has become the most widely and mature application domain of spatial reasoning. Hence, the study of the spatial relationship and reasoning have important academic and practical scene in advancing the development of GIS.
This paper used spatial reasoning method in spatial relational analysis by studying the center problem of GIS-spatial topological relationship. In the foundation of complex reasoning of topological relationship and directional relationship, the paper gave a topological relationship qualitative Reasoning method using topology and direction.
Firstly, the thesis introduced GIS and the basic conception, investigation background and contend and actuality of spatial reasoning, confirm the related study fields of the thesis.
Secondly, the paper concretely introduced the topological spatial relationship and spatial reasoning, especially, it gave the contend, theory dependents and the study method of spatial qualitative reasoning. On the other hand, the thesis provided the method that put the spatial reasoning into topological spatial relational analytical study.
Further, the paper put the spatial reasoning in practical use of topological relational analysis. The complex and hierarchy reasoning used in topological reasoning was introduced into the analysis of directional spatial relationship. For the first time, the paper gave the ideas
that use the complex reasoning which combine the topology and direction to process the further topological reasoning and discuss the related rules.
Finally, the paper built an archetypal system which combines the topological complex reasoning and directional complex reasoning. And validate the correctness of the system and its related reasoning rules in practical aspect
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