摘要
近年来,随着西部大开发战略的实施,西部农村教育引起了各级政府、专家学者们更多的关注,相关研究不断增多,成果也层出不穷。数学教育作为基础教育的主要组成部分,占有重要的地位,加强对数学教育的相关研究对深入探讨基础教育,特别是西部农村地区的基础教育具有深远的意义。本研究通过对云南耿马县各类学校的调查分析,主要了解教材、试卷、教育资源等相关内容,探究数学教材中的城市化倾向问题,力图为改进教材编写和西部农村地区数学教学提供一些理论、实践研究的依据。
本研究采取了定性和定量相结合的研究方法,通过文献分析、调查问卷、访谈和实地考察等方式着重了解以下几个问题:(1)西部农村地区数学教育的整体情况;(2)西部农村地区教材的使用情况;(3)现行数学教材中是否存在城市化倾向问题;(4)考试评价体系中是否存在着城市化倾向问题;(5)城市化倾向的影响如何。
研究结果发现,由于教学资源的缺乏,西部农村的教师学生对教材具有更大的依赖性,教材对于西部农村数学教学有至关重要的影响。现行数学教材中存在明显的城市化倾向,考试中也存在一定的城市化倾向,加大了西部农村,特别是西部农村低年级学生数学学习的困难。西部农村的教师默默地承受着教材和考试的城市化倾向带来的压力,尽自己个人的努力设法缓解学生的压力,虽有一定的效果,但仍有不少问题有待解决。
最后,基于本研究的发现,本文对数学教材的编写,农村教师自主开发课程资源和改进考试评价等方面提出了许多具体建议并提供了相关案例。
These years, with the implementation of the western development strategy in China, the rural education in West China has been attracting more and more attention from all levels of government, experts and scholars, with growing efforts in research and fruitful results. The mathematics education, as a major component of the basic education, plays a vital role. To strengthen the research in mathematics education is of profound significance in a deep exploration of the basic education, particularly the basic education in rural areas of West China. This study explores the issue of the urbanized orientation of the mathematics teaching materials, through the survey and analysis among various schools in Gengma, Yunnan, with a focus on textbooks, test paper, and teaching resources, etc., aiming to provide some basis for the theoretical and practical researches, so that the teaching materials can be better compiled and the mathematics education in rural areas of West China can be improved.
This study adopts both qualitative and quantitative methodology. With an arduous effort in literature reviews, surveys and questionnaires, interviews, as well as field trips, etc., the problems that are emphasized in the study are as follows: (1) What the overall situation of the mathematics education in rural areas of West China is; (2) How the teaching materials are applied in rural areas of West China; (3) Whether the urbanized orientation exists in the current mathematics teaching materials; (4) Whether the urbanized orientation exists in the examination and assessment systems; (5) How influential the urbanized orientation is.
In accordance with the research findings, due to the shortage of teaching materials, the teachers and students in rural areas of West China are more reliable on the teaching materials. In other words, the teaching materials have a critical influence on the mathematics education in rural areas of West China. An obvious urbanized orientation is found in the current mathematics teaching materials, while such orientation is also found in exams. This makes the mathematics study in rural areas of West China, for the primary school students in particular, even more difficult. The teachers in rural areas of West China are bearing the stress from the urbanized orientation in the teaching materials and examinations, quietly. Though there are effects in relieving such stress from the students thanks to the teachers' efforts, problems are still lingering and need further resolution.
To conclude, based on the findings of this study, this paper proposes many specific suggestions and corresponding case studies on the compiling of the teaching materials, the self-developed curriculum resources by the rural teachers, and the improvements of exams, etc.
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