摘要
研究目的：
“经方”即《伤寒》、《金匮》方,因其为经典故称之为经方。历代医家以仲景方为群方之冠,是方剂之鼻祖。经方以其疗效确切,组方严谨,配伍精当,学术内涵深远,而成为研究的重中之重。由于岭南独特的自然环境和人文环境,不仅风土人情、习俗气候不同,人的体质禀赋、饮食用药习惯亦不尽相同,因此岭南医学具有地方与时代的特色。关于经方在岭南地区的运用有何特色,有何规律,尚不明确,因此,本文将对岭南地区经方的临床运用规律作进一步初步的整理和研究,为经方在岭南地区的运用提供重要的方法和理论依据,具有一定的理论和临床指导价值,对促进学术发展具有积极指导意义。
研究方法与内容：
本文以通过检索中国知网1980-2011年公开发表的研究经方及通过文献研究岭南医学的相关文献为研究对象。运用文献学及统计学研究方法,通过文献资料的收集整理、归类、分析评述,对近30年岭南地区经方临床运用规律进行探讨。按时间分三个阶段：第一阶段、岭南地区经方运用研究平缓期1980-1989年；第二阶段、岭南地区经方运用研究发展期1990-1999年；第三阶段、岭南地区经方运用研究繁荣期2000年以后；按内容对岭南地区运用经方治疗的常见病种：如内、妇、儿科、皮肤科、五官科、骨科等进行梳理,同时对岭南地区运用经方治疗糖尿病、慢性胃炎、痹证、咳喘常见病证规律进行探讨。按特色分析总结岭南地区运用经方的用方特点,用药特点,变通运用。同时对岭南地区经方运用特色形成的原因分析及今后开发运用的方向进行初步探讨。
研究结果：
经方在岭南地区广泛运用于临床各科杂病,包括内、妇、儿科,皮肤科,五官科,骨科等,尤其治疗外感、咳嗽、喘证、慢性胃炎、呃逆、胁痛、黄疸、头痛、汗证、焦虑证、郁证、失眠、眩晕、消渴、水肿、遗尿、痰饮、心悸、胸痹、痹证、鼻炎、荨麻疹、神经性皮炎、搔痒症、疑难杂症等病症,且疗效显著。
岭南地区应用较多,且方法灵活,疗效卓著的经方有桂枝汤类方、柴胡汤类方、泻心汤类方、四逆汤类方、五苓散类方、麻黄汤类方、桃核承气汤、乌梅丸、薏苡附子败酱散、茵陈蒿汤、炙甘草汤、麦门冬汤、黄连阿胶汤等。
岭南医家治病多沿用仲景原方加减化裁,或经方合经方,或经方合时方,或经方合特异药,常加用岭南药材,如鱼腥草、地龙干、木蝴蝶、鸡血藤、玄参、霍香、田基黄、五指毛桃(南芪)等。用药量比仲景原方轻,多为轻剂。
特色：
岭南地区经方运用特色：其一根据岭南特有的地理、气候、人文等特点,谨守方义,药因证用；寒温并用,攻补兼施；精心遣药,量随证变。其二拓展思路,经方变通；或一方多用,或多方合用,或加减化裁,广泛应用于临床各种疾病。其三在充分掌握方义同时、运用思维、理论、经验及调查研究获得的材料,建立自己的“辨证观”及遣方用药思维,因时因地因人制宜。
Objective
The "Jingfang", namely "typhoid " and "gold Kui", is called classcal prescription. The Zhongjing's prescription is most famous one during successive dynasties. The classical prescription becomes most important thing, for its good healing effect, precise composition and compatibility of medicines and profound academic connotation, south of the Five Ridges has its own particular natural and humanistic environment, including local conditions and different climate, physique and the habits for food and drink and using medicine, so it has local color and era characteristics. The characteristics and rule of the use of the classcal prescription in south of the Five Ridges is still not clear. This paper will sort out and research into the rule of Clinical use of the classical prescription in south of the Five Ridges. It will provide important methods and theoretical foundation for the use of claasical prescription in south of the Five Ridges. So the paper has some theoretical and clinical value and will promote academic development,
methods and contents
The paper takes pertinent literature in CNKI from 1980 to 2011 about research of claasical presciption and medical science in south of the Five Ridges as object of study. The paper compiles, classifies,analyses and commentates documents and materials by the research method of use of Historical Linguistics and statistics and research into the rule of Clinical use of the classical prescription in south of the Five Ridges. The rule is classified into three periods by time. The first period is from 1980 to 1989, the mild moment for the research of use of claasical presciption in south of the Five Ridges. The second period is from 1990 to 1999, the growth moment for the research of use of claasical prescription in south of the Five Ridges. The third period is after 2000, the rapid growth moment for the research of use of claasical presciption in south of the Five Ridges. The paper hackles the common kinds of desease of medical department, surgical department, department of pediatrics, skin department, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology and orthopaedics teated by classical prescription by contents. It also investigates the rule of the treatmen of the common desease by classical prescription, just like sugar diabetes, chronic gastritis, arthralgia-synadrome and cough and dyspnea. At the some time, the paper analyses the traits of use of prescription and medicine. Besides, the paper nanalyses its cause and probes the direction of development and application in the future.
Results
The classical prescription is used extensively in south china to treat all kinds of miscellaneous diseases, including the desease of medical department, surgical department, department of pediatrics, skin department, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology and orthopaedics. Its curative effect is excessively notable for many difficult and complicated diseases, just like diseases caused by external factors, cough, gasp syndrome, chronic gastritis, singultus, hypochondriac pain, jaundice, headache, hidrosis syndrome, anxiety neurosis, melancholia, insomnia, blackout, wasting-thirst, edema, enuresis, phlegm and retained fluid, cardiopalmus, thoracic obstruction, arthralgia-synadrome, nasitis, urticaria, neurodermitis, pruritus and so on.
The classical prescritions often used in south of the Five Ridges are Bupleurum soup side, Xie Xin Fang soups, soups side Sini, Wu Ling San Prescriptions, soups ephedra side, leptin on, Wu Mei Wan, San Patrinia Coix monkshood, YCHT, Zhigancao soup, wheat aspartic soup, Huanglian Ejiao soup. Their method is flexible and curative effect is remarkable.
The doctors in south Chine often treats an illness by Zhongjing's original prescription by addition or subtraction of changes, like classical prescription plus another classical prescription, classical prescription plus Current Prescription, classical prescription plus special medicine. They often add drug ingredients in south China, just like Lingnan herbs, such as Houttuynia, earthworm dry, wood Butterfly, Millettia, Scrophulariaceae, Patchouli, Hypericum yellow, finger Fig (South Qi) and so on. Their dosage is fewer than Zgongjing's original prescription. Most of their prescriptions are light diaphoretic prescription.
Characteristics
The characteristics of use of classical presciption:according to traits of local geography, climate and humanity, its own meaning was carefully kept and medicine was used according to illness, that cold and warm nature were use together and it gives attention to attacking and tonifying at the same time, that
The medicine was used carefully and dosage changes according illness. The another characteristics of use of classical presciption is that the prescription is flexible and is applied extensively to all kinds of illnesses by expanding thinking.
The third characteristics is to establish its own dialectical concept and the thinking of use prescription and medicine and to take actions that suit time,local circumstances and people.
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