摘要
本文主要研究了乌塘鳗鱼精巢的形态结构、周期发育和精于发生过程。乌塘鳃
鱼精巢分为两部分，前段为生精部，线形。后段为贮精囊，末端 Icm区域处有薄膜
状结构。贮精囊的长度约为生精部的18。乌塘鳗鱼精巢生精部为小叶型结构，贮精
囊为网状管腔结构。精巢生精部周年发育分为三期：1．精原细胞增殖期门 月－翌
年2月）；11．精子发生期（3－9月）；皿．精子退化吸收期（10－11月）。3月份起动生
精活动，4月份开始旺盛的生精活动，生精活动可一直持续到9月上旬。相应的，
把贮精囊的周年发育分为三期：预备期（卜2月）、生殖期（3一9月）和恢复期（10一12
月）。乌塘鲢鱼精子发生经历初级精原细胞，次级精原细胞，初级精母细胞，次级精
母细胞和精子细胞阶段，精子细胞再经过精子形成过程发育成为成熟精子。精子由
头部、中片和尾部构成。头部主要结构是细胞核，核的前端没有顶体。
The testicular structure.cycle development and spermatogenesis of the Bostrichthys sinensis Lacepede have been studied at microscopic and submicroscopic levels in this thesis.
The male fish has paired line-shaped testes,which are located above the dorsal gut and attached to the two sides of the ventral swin bladder. The testis can be divided into two parts.The anterior part is spermatogenic part where spermatogenesis is proceeding.The posterior part is seminal vesicle.it has exocrine gland and vas deferens.and develops a thin-membrane-like project at the section of last Icm.The paired testes haven't joint together at the posterior ends but open to the urogenital sinus separately.The structure of the spermatogenic part is lobular type, but the arrangement of the seminiferous lobulus is irregular.The structure of the seminal vesicle is net-shaped tubular cavity,whose inner wall consists of secretory cells.During reproductive season, the sperms are transferred to the urogenital papilla via the temporary passage (formed among the seminiferous lobulus by fusion of adjacent lobular walls),vas efferens and seminal vesicle (who has vas deferens leading to the urogenital sinus which opens to the muscular urogenital papilla).
Both the spermatogenic part and seminal vesicle show seasonal changes in their annual cycles.The cycle development of the spermatogenic part of the mature testis can be divided into three stages: I .Stage of spermatogonium proliferation; II .Stage of spermatogenesis;III.Stage of sperm degeneration and absorption.From December to next February.the testes are at stage I ,when the number of spermatogonia in the lobular wall increases.From March to September.the testes are at stage II,when germ cells in the spermatogenic cysts develop into sperms gradually.At the mid-March,the spermatogenic part initiates the process of spermatogenesis.In April.it starts active spermatogenesis,and this is proceeding till September.last for seven months long.In October and November.the testes are at stagelll.when the lobular lumens become smaller.the lobular walls become thicker.and interlobular septum become developed.The amount of spermatogenic cysts decrease, Sperms are degenerative and absorptive.Thus the whole testis is substantial-tissue-like.A new spermatogenic cycle begins in December.The annual development of seminal vesicle can be divided into three phases corresponding to that of the spermatogenic part,that is preparatory phase.spawning phase and recovery phase.
Spermatogenesis pass through the following stages,that is primary spermatogonium,secondary spermatogonium.primary spermatocyte, secondary spermatocyte and spermatid.The spermatid develop into sperm via the spermiogenesis.The primary spermatogonium are spermatogenic stem cells, spermatogenic cells of latter stages are derived from it by division. It has the biggest volme in all spermatogenic cells and distributes separately. It has a weak- alkalophilic nuclus, with an apparent nucleoli and very low-electon-densed chromatin. An abundance of mitochondria in the cytoplasm always have few cristae, and the electon dense of the matrix is low. There are lots of chromatoid bodies in the cytoplasm too. The spermatid undergo all the changes of spermiogenesis, such as the flagellum formed .nucleus condensed, the mitochomdria enter into the sleeve.and so on. The flagellum lies on one side of the nucleus, where the implantation fossa is formed by imagination of nuclear membrane. The centriolar complex is in the implantation fossa. The proximal centriole is perpendicular to the basal body. As spermiogenesis proceeds, flagellum formed more earlier than nucleus condensed of the spermatid. Another special phenomenon appears in the development of the spermatid, there are many transient granules produced in the cytoplasm. Subsequently, the number of these granules decreases gradually and disappear in the sperrmatid near mature, The function of these granules is not clear.
The mature sperm consists of a head, a mid-piece and a tail. The head contain a nucleus but no
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图版说明
1．乌塘鳢鱼精巢生殖指数的周年变化 (见正文部分)
2．乌塘鳢鱼外观
3．乌塘鳢鱼精巢外观，示精巢生精部(TP)、贮精囊(SV)、膀胱(UB)和尿殖突(UP)
4．精巢横切面，示精小叶(SL)的排列没有一定规律 ╳74
5．精巢纵切面，示精小叶(SL)由小叶间质(IS)隔开 ╳194
6．一个精小叶，示精小囊(SC)和小叶腔(LL) ╳391
7．初级精原细胞(SG1)和含次级精原细胞(SG2)、初级精母细胞(SC1)、次级精母细胞(SC2)、精子细胞(ST)的精小囊 ╳774
8．含初级精母细胞(SC1)和次级精母细胞(SC2)的精小囊 ╳782
9．含精子细胞(ST)的精小囊 ╳752
10．精子外观，示头部(H)呈球状，尾部细长，为鞭毛(F)
11．小叶腔相互贯通成精子(SP)通道 ╳186
12．精巢纵切面，示输出管(VE)和血管(BV)并行，且位于血管内侧 ╳186
13．输出管横切面，示输出管壁(TC)由单层上皮细胞组成 ╳391
14．小叶腔(LL)与输出管(VE)相通 (↑) ╳369
15．无膜状突起部分的贮精囊 ╳179
16．贮精囊横切面，示扁平细胞(FE)、立方细胞(CE)和柱状细胞(CL) ╳182
17．贮精囊横切面，示立方细胞(CE)和脱落的壁细胞(TC) ╳182
18．预备期贮精囊横切面，示管腔中有大量分泌物(SS)，一侧有输精管(VD) ╳369
19．贮精囊末端的输精管(VD) ╳365
20．雌雄嵌合精巢横切面，示精巢(T)、卵巢(OV)结构并行 ╳182
21．雌雄嵌合精巢横切面，示精小叶(SL)间散布着卵母细胞(O) ╳74