摘要
众所周知,滑坡是一种十分普遍的物理地质作用,它广泛涉及水电、铁路、公路、采矿等部门的工程建设,边坡失稳作为普遍的工程问题历来受到国内外学者的重视。对滑坡稳定性及变形机理进行研究,为合理有效的滑坡防治措施提供准确的参数,在工程实践中显得尤为重要。
本文结合实际滑坡灾害的防治研究项目,以重庆市滑坡灾害较为严重的巫山县为背景,以典型的高观塘滑坡为研究对象,以为实际工程提供合理设计参数为目的,对高观塘滑坡的形成机理、稳定性影响因素和稳定性评价等进行了较为全面的研究,对今后巫山县地区类似滑坡的预防及稳定性分析具有良好的示范作用。论文的主要工作及内容如下:
通过现场调查,滑坡勘探资料及室内外试验,对高观塘滑坡形成机理和形成条件进行了系统分析,研究表明人类工程活动是该滑坡产生的直接诱发因素,大气降雨是滑坡进一步加速发展的最主要因素。同时,高观塘平台的地层岩性、地质构造、地貌特征及水文地质条件等都是滑坡的主要形成条件。
研究了高观塘滑坡的发育发展过程和变形破坏特点,运用自然历史分析法、极限平衡传递系数法及有限元法等多种定性、定量方法对滑坡的变形破坏及稳定性进行了系统的分析研究,得出结论:高观塘滑坡次级滑坡在天然状态条件下处于基本稳定~稳定状态,暴雨状态下处于不稳定状态;主滑坡在天然状态条件下处于稳定状态,暴雨状态下处于欠稳定状态。这些结论与实际情况相符合。
给出了简要的防治方案建议:在排水措施的基础上,对次级滑体进行减载处理,对主滑体采用两级支挡。
Landslide as one important branch of slope calamity is largely involved in the hydraulic electric engineering and railway, highway, mining etc. The instability of slope as the general project question has been always paid attention to by domestic and international scholar. The need of reseach about stability and deformation mechanism is exigent, seeking rational and effective parameters for the measure of landslide support is particularly important in the project practice.
This thesis based on the factual engineering of GaoGuanTang landslide in WuShan County of ChongQing Municipality. Deformation mechanism ,affected factors and the stability of the landslide are studied in this paper. It provides some experimental and theoretical basis for further studying in this field. Main points are shown as follows: The areal of geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology and mans activity are investigated about the GaoGuanTang landslide. The disaster of landslide is evaluated.
Through examination and site investigation, and combine pioneering data, the deformation mechanism and the conditions are systematically analyzed. The paper put forward that the direct factor of the landslide happened is several projects of human, the rainfall is the main factor that the landslide caused to develop rapidly. Further, lithology about stratum , geological structure, topographical feather and hydrogeology condition are main conditions about the formation of landslide.
It is researched of the development process about the landslide. The stability of landslide is analyzed by transfer coefficient and finite element method. Moreover, calculates the rock structure character and the thrust acting on the landslip on the basis of which a tentative preventative program is put forward.Draw some conclusions as follows: the secondary landslide is elemental stability or stability in native state, is instability in rainstorm; the main landslide is stable in native state, is understable in rainstorm. These conclusions correspond with the practical situation.
There are simple schemes about prevention and cure in the paper. On the basis of measure about water, continue to deal the secondary landslide with decrement of load; to deal the main landslide with two-stage axle stop.
引文
[1]张永兴,文海家,欧敏.滑坡灾变智能预测理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社, 2005: 1-3
[2]马永潮.滑坡整治及防治工程养护[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 1996: 1-13, 321-327
[3]陈铁林,邓刚,陈生水等.裂隙对非饱和土边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土工程学报, 2006, 28(2)
[4]蒋刚,林鲁生,刘祖德.残积土应力应变特性及对边坡稳定的影响分析[J].南京建筑工程学院学报, 2002:4(63)
[5]肖建伟,肖建新,吴少华.水在滑坡变形过程中所起作用的探讨[J].水文地质工程地质学报, 2007:6(33)
[6]徐则民.水岩化学作用对斜坡水文地质及滑坡的影响[J].自然灾害学报, 2007: 16(5)
[7] Anderson,M.G. and Richards K.S. Slope Stability. Geotechnical Engineering and Geomorphology,John Wiley&Sons, 1986
[8]K.太沙基, R.泼可.工程实用土力学[M].水利水电出版社,1960
[9]N. Janbu. Earth pressures and bearing capacity calculations by generalized procedure of slices. Proceedings of the fourth international conference on soil mechanics and foundationengineering, Vo1. 2, 1957
[10]N. Janbu. Slope stability computations. Embankment Engineering, 1973
[11]Morgenstern, H. R. and Price, VE. The analysis of the stability of general slip surfaces. Geo-technique, Vo1. 15, 1965
[12]张天宝.土坡稳定分析圆弧法的数值解研究[J].成都工学院学报, 1978
[13]潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].水利出版社, 1980
[14]王恭先,徐峻龄,刘光代等.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术.北京:中国铁道出版社, 2004: 22-27,90-157
[15]钱家欢,殷宗泽等.土工原理与计算[M].中国水利水电出版社, 2000
[16]谷德振等.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].科学出版社, 1979
[17]许兵,黄鼎成.岩体结构特性及其对岩体稳定的影响[J].地质科学, 1976(4)
[18]孙玉科,姚宝魁,许兵.矿山边坡稳定性研究的回顾与瞻望[J].工程地质学报, 1998, 6 (4)
[19]孙玉科,姚宝魁.我国岩质边坡变形破坏的主要地质模式[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1983, 2(1): 67-76
[20]张悼元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].地质出版社, 1997
[21]张有大,周维元等.岩石高边坡的稳定[M].水利水电出版社, 1999
[22]王泳嘉.离散单元法一种适用节理岩石力学分析的数值方法[A].第一届全国岩石力学数值计算及模型试验讨论会论文集,1986
[23]秦四清,张悼元等.非线性工程地质学导引[M].西南交通大学出版社, 1993
[24]石根华.块体系统不连续变形数值分析新方法[M].科学出版社,1993
[25]严春风,徐健.岩体强度准则概率模型及其应用[M].重庆大学出版社, 1999
[26]王家臣.边坡工程随机分析原理[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社, 1996
[27]靳茁.神经计算智能基础原理方法[M]:西南交通大学出版社, 2000
[28]黄志全,王思敬等.岩体力学参数取值的置信度及其可靠性[J].岩石力学与工程学报, 1999 18(3): 33-35
[29]夏元友.基于神经网络的岩质边坡稳定性评估系统研究[J].自然灾害学报, 1996: 5(1)
[30]陈新民,罗国煌.基于经验的边坡稳定性灰色系统分析与评价[J].岩土工程学报,1999, 21(S): 638-641
[31]胡广韬.动力滑坡学[M].西安:陕西科学技术出版社, 1988年
[32]赵法锁.坡体平面旋转机理及稳定性研究[M].西安:西安地图出版社, 1999
[33]林鲁生,刘祖德.滑坡治理的发展概况以及加固方案的选择[J].广东水利水电, 2001, 4(2)
[34]潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].北京:水利出版社, 1980
[35]段君.旬阳党家坝滑坡综合分析评价及防治方案优选研究[D].西安.长安大学, 2006
[36]安光明.重庆市培陵区植物油厂滑坡灾害的系统研究[D].西安.长安大学, 2006
[37]晏鄂川,唐辉明.工程岩体稳定性评价与利用[M].武汉:中国地质大学出版社, 2002
[38]王国强,吴道祥,刘洋等.巢湖凤凰山滑坡成因机制及稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报, 2002, 24(5): 645-648
[39]金仁祥,刘汉超.麻柳嘴滑坡成因机制分析[J].地质灾害与环境保护, 2001, 12(2): 63-66
[40]马平,石豫川.何家山滑坡成因机制分析及稳定性评价[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1999,10(2): 43-47
[41]陈志刚.土质边坡滑移面(带)的确定及参数的选取[J].安徽地质, 2000, 10(4): 286-289
[42]于清扬,詹军,于颖波.粘性土抗剪强度在基坑支护设计中的应用[J].煤田地质与勘探, 2001, 29(4): 40-41
[43]赵青,黄质宏,孔思丽等.土质边坡抗剪强度试验结果分析[J].贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版) , 2003, 32(2): 92-97
[44]黄昌乾,丁恩保.边坡工程常用稳定性分析方法[J].水电站设计, 1999, 15(1): 53-55
[45]赵尚毅,石为民等.边坡稳定性分析的有限元法[J].地下空间, 2001, 21(5)
[46]陈火红. Marc有限元实例分析教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2002.2
[47]朱伯芳.有限元法原理与应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社, 1998. 10
[48]朱益军等.斜坡稳定性分析方法[J].成都理工学院学报, 2001. 9, 28(5)
[49]林宗元.岩土工程治理手册.沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社, 1993
[50]徐邦栋.滑坡分析与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社, 2002
[51]赵明阶,何光春等.边坡工程处治技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社, 2003