摘要
我国是世界上土壤侵蚀最严重的国家之一,而皖西大别山区是我国土壤侵蚀较为严重的区域,其侵蚀形式以水力侵蚀为主,侵蚀发生的主要原因有强降雨、植被破坏等。皖西大别山区严重的土壤侵蚀问题不仅很大程度上限制了区域经济的发展,也给淮河流域的防洪工程带来了负面影响。20世纪80年代以来,皖西大别山水土保持工作取得了较大的成果,但是实践多,理论研究较少,一定程度上影响了水土保持工作的开展。因而对皖西大别山土壤侵蚀规律及水土保持措施进行全面系统的研究就显得非常必要。
本文以霍山县作为皖西大别山区的典型区域,主要研究了以下内容:
(1) 从介绍霍山县土壤侵蚀状况以及所造成的危害入手,全面分析了导致当地土壤侵蚀发生的原因,并结合当地采取的水土保持相关措施,阐述了当地水土保持工作的症结所在;
(2) 结合上土市水土保持试验站多年实测资料和2005年实验资料,应用BP神经网络理论,建立了次降雨土壤侵蚀量与次降雨量、最大30min雨强、径流系数、植被覆盖度等因子之间关系的模型,并通过BP神经网络的预测模型与一次回归模型、二次回归模型、CSLE模型之间的对比分析,说明了建立的BP神经网络模型在土壤侵蚀预测可以取得较回归模型和CSLE模型更高的精度,也说明了BP神经网络理论在土壤侵蚀预报中具有一定的适用性。
(3) 针对霍山县目前的水土保持工作状况,结合当地采取的一系列开发治理措施,建立了一套操作性较强的水土保持综合效益的评价指标体系,并应用层次分析法,计算出当地所采取的五大典型措施的综合效益值,通过综合效益的对比分析,说明了采取的开发治理方式的优劣,为霍山县水土保持工作的开展提供了理论依据;同时应用专家调查法,探讨了措施因子的量化问题,以求能改进BP神经网络模型。
Our country is one of the most serious area in soil erosion in the world. And the Dabie Mountains in the western area in Anhui province has serious problem in soil erosion mainly caused by waterpower. Because of the strong rainfall and destruction of the vegetation, the problem on soil erosion is terrible in the area. Not only does it restrict the development of the regional economy, but also has negative impact to the flood control projects in the basin of the Huaihe River. Since 1980s', certain achievement has gained. But the results of more practice and less research impact the development of the water and soil conservation. Therefore, it's extremely necessary to have a comprehensive and systemic study of the problem of soil erosion and the measures to soil and water losses in this area.The study is based on Huoshan coutry in Anhui province because it's a typical region in Dabie Mountains in the problem on soil erosion. The main contents are as follows:Firstly, starting with the general situation of soil erosion and the harms caused by it, the causes leading to the local soil erosion problem are analyzed comprehensively in the paper. And connecting with the measures taking place, sticking points towards the career of soil and water conservation are expatiated upon.Secondly, Back-Propagation Neural Network, One of Artificial Neural Network is used to set up a modal about the connection of the soil erosion modulus and seven factors impacts on it, such as, rainfall, rainfall largest intensity in 30 minutes, runoff coefficient, vegetation cover percent, rate of granule, rate of physical viscidity-clay, the rate of organic matter. Through the comparison with linear regression model, the second regression model, the Chinese Soil Loss Equation, it illustrated that BP Neural Network modal is more accurate than the other three modals in forecasting the mount of soil erosion, and the BP Neural Network will have some applicability in forecasting in soil erosion.Finally, aimed at the situation of soil and water conservation in Huoshan county, combined with the embody measure taken by people, the author has set up an amiable evaluation system to comprehensive benefits of the measure to soil and water conservation. Then the method of the Analytic Hierarchy Process is used to count comprehensive benefits which are used to analyze whether the measure is effective and useful or not. Through these analyses, theoretical foundation is established in Huoshan county. At the same time, the method based on the experts' investigation is used to discuss the factor of soil and water conservation measure in order to perfect the BP Neural Network Modal in forecasting the mount of soil erosion.
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