摘要
人口结构老龄化及其衍生而来的一系列医学问题和社会问题,是二十一世纪人类面临的极大挑战。本论文从梳理和总结《黄帝内经》（文中简称《内经》）长寿理论出发，对历代长寿经验和养生流派进行考证归纳，进一步探析培元固本治法与方药及其延缓衰老的作用。
养生长寿是《内经》的第一要义，其荟萃先秦诸子百家养生之道，对人体生、长、壮、老、已的生命规律作出了科学的概括。本文依据《内经》中对人类寿命的猜想，对“天人相应”的生态长寿思想及对古人养生水平与寿征的珍贵描述，还依据《内经》对形神兼养、药食互养的理解以及对真气（元气）与长寿的理解，从九个方面进行整理分析：1、人类寿限、天赋天年，2、天人相应、顺应自然，3、衰老之机、五脏为枢，4、真至圣贤、人瑞至境，5、形貌气血、寿考之征，6、恬淡虚无、全神增寿，7、动静结合、可登寿域，8、药食互养、益寿延年，9、保元固真、未病先防。同时本文还对衰老的变化过程和衰老表现进行详细论述，从而为延缓衰老及老年病防治研究奠定了理论基础。
本文研究表明：《内经》所记载的延缓衰老、养生长寿的内容内涵丰富、实践性强，历代医家正是在《内经》长寿理论指导下，在长期卓有成效的养生长寿的实践中，为人类延缓衰老、防治老年疾病积累了十分宝贵的经验。
中医养生既有系统理论又有多种学术流派，多种养生方法。早在《内经》里，在理论、方法等方面已形成较为系统的体系，从学术流派来看，道家、儒家、医家均从不同角度阐述了养生理论和方法。本文通过探析诸学术流派的形成源流、学术思想和养生方法，整理总结历代养生家和医家实践经验，首次提出将养生流派分为顺应学派、养性学派、动形学派、静神学派、温补学派、培元学派、调气学派、药饵学派及食养学派九大流派的学术观点。
本论文还在对《内经》长寿理论和历代养生经验系统总结的基础上提出了《内经》生态长寿观以及养生长寿的核心在于顺应自然、未病先防、培元固本。并结合现代寿命学研究进展和先进的分子生物学技术，选用中医延缓衰老经典名方（六味地黄丸等）开展其对细胞和四膜虫寿命影响及机制的实验研究。研究发现：(1)D-半乳糖能成功诱导细胞衰老的MRC-5模型。六味地黄丸、大补元煎和人参含药血清均能促进衰老细胞增殖，改善衰老细胞的凋亡情况，增加超氧化物歧化酶SOD的活性，改善自由基代谢，为进一步研究细胞衰老和抗细胞衰老奠定了实验平台；(2)培元固本方药——六味地黄丸与金匮肾气丸均能显著提高嗜热四膜虫对数生长期时的数量，甚至能提前进入平台期，达到延缓衰老的作用，同时都能显著提高嗜热四膜虫SOD活性表达；(3)运用Q-PCR技术证实，六味地黄丸与金匮肾气丸能提高四膜虫的抗氧化基因GPX-4、TXNRD2表达，且浓度越高，上调越高。进一步研究发现，金匮肾气丸加药后，TXNRD2表达比GPX-4提高地更加明显，可以说明，金匮肾气丸抗氧化作用机制可能与调节内源性抗氧化系统相关。六味地黄丸干预后，GPX-4表达比TXNRD2提高地更加明显，说明六味地黄丸抗氧化作用机制可能与提高谷胱甘肽过氧化酶，提高抗ROS能力相关。可见，虽然金匮肾气丸和六味地黄丸均具有明显抗氧化、延缓衰老的功效，作用机制可能与提高T-SOD活性，使抗氧化基因GPX-4、TXNRD2表达上调有关。但是，六味地黄丸和金匮肾气丸抗氧化机制通路却不相同。以上研究结果为系统研究培元固本治法与方药及其延缓衰老的作用奠定了基础，也为进一步临床研究应用提供了科学依据。
Population ageing and its derived series of medical problems and socialproblems, human is the21st century is facing great challenge. In this paper toreview and summarize from huangdi neijing (here in referred to as "nei jing)longevity theory, experience of all previous dynasties longevity and healthschools carries on the textual research conclusion, the further analysis schoolthrift treatment and formulas and anti-aging effect.
Longevity and health is the first factor of neijing, the qin art thought andtheir exponents, born to the human body, long and strong, old, life has made ageneralization of science. In this paper, based on the suppose of human life inneijing, longevity and ecological ideas of "heaven corresponding" and of theancients of the health level and longevity precious description, also on thebasis of neijing to form and raise, medicine to eat each other understandingand understanding of qi (yuan qi) and longevity, sorting analysis from nineaspects:1, the human life of age limit, talent,2, heaven corresponding, complywith the nature,3, the aging of the machine, five zang-organs as the pivot,4,and true to the sage, Michael ZhiJing,5, and morphology of qi and blood,longevity, and serene nihilistic, all six god life-extension,7, combinedmovement, can climb ShouYu,8, medicine mutual raising food, longer lives,9, is true, not disease prevention first.
At the same time the article also carried out on the changes in the agingprocess and aging performance is discussed in detail, thus to delay aging anddiseases prevention and control research laid the theoretical foundation.
This study shows that recorded in neijing, anti-aging, longevity and healthcontent connotation is rich, strong practicality, past dynasties doctor islongevity in neijing, theory guidance, in the long-term productive practice oflongevity and health, anti-aging, prevention and treatment of diseases of oldage for mankind has accumulated valuable experience.
Medicine there are both systematic theory and various academic schoolsand a variety of health preservation methods. As early as in neijing, in theory,method, etc, has formed a systematic system, from academic schools, Taoism,Confucianism, physicians are all from different angles expounds the theoryand method. In this article, through analysis the formation of various academicgenres origin, academic thoughts and health preservation methods, summingup the experience of generations of preserve one's health and doctor, firstproposed will be divided into health schools comply with the school, schoolraises a gender, dynamic form school, static god school, removing school,school school, the school, YaoEr school and keep school nine major schoolsof academic point of view.
Also in this paper the theory of longevity in neijing, and generations ofexperience in health system summary is proposed on the basis of ecology inneijing, longevity and health at the core of longevity is to comply with nature,not disease prevention first, school thrift. Combined with the modern lifescience research progress and the advanced molecular biology technology,selects the anti-aging of traditional Chinese medicine classic square (bolus of6flavour glutinous rehmannia, etc.) in the cells and four film insect lifeinfluence and mechanism of experimental research. Research found that:(1) D-galactose can successfully induce the MRC-5model cell aging. Bolus of6flavour glutinous rehmannia, decoction and ginseng tonic yuan medicatedserum can promote cell proliferation and aging to improve senescent cellsapoptosis, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase SOD and improve themetabolism of free radicals, cell aging and aging resistant cells for furtherresearch lays the experimental platform;(2) the school up kidney pills aregolden, liuwei dihuang pill and the formulas can significantly increase thethermophilic four film bug when the logarithmic growth phase, the number ofcan even enter plateau in advance, reach the role of anti-aging, and can significantly improve the thermophilic four membrane expression of insectSOD activity;(3) use the Q-PCR technology, confirmed that golden liuweidihuang pill and four membrane of kidney pills can improve anti-oxidationGPX gene-4, TXNRD2expression, and the concentration is higher, higherincreases. Further study found that after kidney shot dosing, golden TXNRD2expression to more obvious higher than that of GPX-4, can explain, kidneyshot golden antioxidation mechanism may be related with regulatingendogenous antioxidant system. After the intervention, liuwei dihuang pillGPX-4expression to more obvious higher than that of TXNRD2, explainbolus of6flavour glutinous rehmannia antioxidation mechanism may berelated to increased glutathione peroxidase, improve the ability to resist ROS.Golden, although kidney bolus and bolus of6flavour glutinous rehmanniahave obvious antioxidant, anti-aging effect, mechanism of action may berelated to improving T-SOD activity, antioxidant GPX genes-4, TXNRD2expression. However, liuwei dihuang pill and gold or kidney shot oxidationmechanism path is not the same. System research school of thrift and neededmore than the results of the study and its anti-aging effect laid a solidfoundation, the formulas are also provides scientific basis for the furtherclinical research application.
引文
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