摘要
本文通过对面向对象的方法研究，以及对实时软件工程过程的研究工作，提出了一个整体的实时软件的开发和实现方法，主要是针对空中交通管制中软实时系统的开发方法研究。文章建立了实时系统整个开发的过程模型，定义了在该模型过程中的各种活动，以及在开发的各个阶段应该建立的模型、需要的文档等。
文章分析了软件工程的现状、软件工程中的一般活动，以及在现代软件的开发中使用的开发过程模型。并针对实时软件的特点，特别是软实时软件的特点，以及传统的实时软件的分析、设计方法，深入地探讨了在实时软件中实施软件工程方法的困难和特点，同时提出实时软件的工程化的要求。
本文给出了一个实时软件的开发和实现方法。它的开发期模型采用对统一开发过程UP(Unified Software Development Process)开发模型的实例化，生成一个可用于实时软件开发的具体的开发方法。UP是一个工业标准的软件工程过程，它定义了软件开发的人员、开发活动、什么时候和怎么进行开发的过程，它是一个通用的软件开发过程，在具体的软件开发项目中必须进行实例化。
在对UP进行实例化的实时软件的开发过程中，我们采用四个开发阶段：初始阶段、细化阶段、构造阶段、移交阶段；每个阶段使用五个核心活动：需求、分析、设计、实现、测试。整个开发过程采用增量迭代开发：四个阶段的一次迭代产生一个迭代产品；每个阶段内部各种核心活动迭代，产生阶段输出结果，作为下一阶段的需求输入。
在本文的实时系统开发过程中，采用面向对象的方法进行实时软件的工程
面向对象的实时软件开发方法研究
化，对整个过程中如何实施面向对象方法从需求、分析、设计、测试等活动中
进行了一一描述。在整个开发过程中使用面向对象的建模语言UML描述开发
过程中的各种模型:需求模型、分析模型、设计模型、实施模型、部署模型等。，
基于该面向对象的实现方法，文章对空中交通管制系统的飞行计划处理子
系统的开发过程作了详细描述。我们给出了四个阶段的一次迭代过程，描述了
在每个阶段如何进行需求、分析、设计、实施、测试活动，给出了在每个开发
阶段的各种核心活动中具体的模型，以及这些模型随着迭代活动的进行他们的
变化过程。
使用这种面向对象的实现方法，在实时软件系统的开发过程中带来了面向
对象开发技术的各种好处，增强复用、缩短开发周期、有利于提高软件质量、
降低开发风险，降低开发成本等，使得实时软件的开发走上一个工程化的良性
开发过程。
In this thesis, we introduce the research of object Oriented application in real-time software development. The whole developing process of real-time software is discussed. This thesis outlined what kind of activity, models and documents should be considered in different stage of the whole development process.
We analyze the current situation of software engineering, the general development process model and general activities in the software development. Depend on the characteristics of the real-time software, especially the soft real-time software, we introduced the traditional analysis and design methods in real-time software development, then give the characteristic and the difficulties in the engineering of real-time software.
In order to implement the object-oriented method in the real-time software development process, we discuss the advantage of the object-oriented method. We outline the strongpoint of the object-oriented analysis and object-oriented analysis, specify the activities in object-oriented software engineering, introduce the process model of the object-oriented software development. Then we discussed the possibility to use object-oriented method during the development of soft real-time software.
In the following, we give a new method to develop the soft real-time software. The method is a instantiation of the Unified Software Development Process. We
present the different stages and activities, which are needed in the soft real-time development. The instantial process is composed of four stages, each stage consist of five core activities. All the stages and activities are iterative. We detailed all kinds of models, described with Unified Modeling Language, and documents are proposed in detail in different stage of development process.
According to the method, we give an example to explain how to use the process. The example is Flight Plan Process Subsystem development process. We detailed one iterative process, and what should we do in different stage. We discussed the different activities in each stage. The different models and activities were given at the end.
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