摘要
MIMO技术的提出为通信系统引入了又一维可利用空间,使得提高数据传输率和传输的可靠性成为可能。MIMO也因此成为未来移动通信关键技术之一,受到广泛关注。尽可能地挖掘MIMO技术的潜能实现最优传输是当前研究的目标,基于此,本文详细探讨了MIMO相关传输技术。为了自成一体,本文从MIMO信道建模入手,系统探讨了阵列天线的数学模型,详细研究了MIMO宽带频率选择性衰落信道的建模、空时编码技术、预编码技术以及多用户多天线预编码技术,理论分析了当前的研究难题并提出了合理的解决方案,所得成果将为未来移动通信的发展提供部分理论依据和技术基础。
本文的主要学术贡献在于:
●提出了基于One-Ring几何模型的频率选择性衰落信道建模方案,详细分析对比了该信道模型与实际传输环境的空时频相关性,通过实例证明了该方案的准确性和可用性;
●提出了基于阵列处理的准正交空时分组编码的低复杂度译码算法,在理想和非理想信道信息条件下计算并验证了所提出译码算法的准确性;
●在所提信道模型的基础上,针对MIMO系统下行链路,分析了收发天线物理参数对整体性能的影响,得出了在基站端加大天线间距离比加大接收端天线间距离可以带来更多增益的结论;针对空时分组编码的多天线系统,修正了传统译码方案,为其在快衰落环境中的应用提供了可能;
●建立了基于信道统计信息的预编码、多天线、多用户、多数据流传输理论框架。将基于信道统计信息的预编码理论从多输入单输出系统扩展到了多输入多输出系统;
●最后,针对多用户MIMO多数据流传输链路中属于同一用户数据流经历具有相同信道统计信息的状况,提出了两种基于信道统计信息的预编码设计算法,基于特征空间的分割和基于修正次公共导频信道(SCPICH)波束向量的预编码算法。随后的数值计算验证了所提两种算法的有效性。
The MIMO systems offer a new dimension of freedom,which makes higher data rate transmission and higher reliability possible.Therefore,MIMO techniques draw tremendous attention and are taken as one of the key technologies for future commu-nication systems.To optimize the freedom,it is necessary to identify the gains one can obtain from MIMO links.Holding such objective in mind,this thesis will focus on MIMO and its relative topics.This thesis attempts to be self-contained.As a resuits, it covers a wide range of material from MIMO channels,space time coding up to multi-user multi-stream transmission.The mentioned techniques are well analyzed and possible solutions resolving existed problems are provided based on the theoretical analysis.The results and conclusions obtained in this thesis can be partial theoretical and technical bases for the future wireless communication systems.
The major contributions of this thesis are as the following:
·The development of One-Ring based wideband frequency selective fading channel model.The space time frequency correlation functions of this model are fully analyzed and compared with those of the reference model.Finally,the correctness and usability are proved by a practical example.
·The low complex decoding algorithm which is specially proposed for Quasi-Orthogonal space time block codes based on array processing.The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated in the case of perfect and imperfect channel state information.
·Based on the proposed channel model,impact of antenna geometric parameters on the performance of MIMO downlink transmission is investigated.We conclude that enlarging the antenna spacings at the transmitter can bring more diversity gain compared with doing that at the receiver.In such a system,we also modified the decoding method of space time block codes(STBC),which makes it possible for STBC to be employed in fast fading channels.
·Establishment of a multi-user MIMO multi-streams transmission link.Covariante based precoding design concept is adopted by using a user based joint equalizer at the user equipment.
·Finally,considering the channel vector of different streams of a user may have the same covariance matrices thus leading to bad system performance,two novel algorithms are proposed to help on this situation.One is based the modified covariance matrices,the other is based on the modified pilot beamforming vectors chosen according to secondary common pilot channel(SCPICH).The numerical results proved the usefulness of them.
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