长江源区3种地形高寒草地土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基离子的分布特征及其机理探讨
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摘要
土壤阳离子交换量及交换性盐基离子在维持土壤养分和缓冲土壤酸化中起着非常重要的作用。研究不同地形高寒草地的土壤阳离子交换量及交换性盐离子的分布规律,有助于深入认识高寒草地土壤特性及其离子运动过程。以长江源区高寒草地为研究对象,研究了阴坡、滩地和阳坡3个不同地形土壤阳离子交换量及交换性钾钙钠镁离子的分布规律,并初步探讨其相关关系。结果表明,长江源区高寒草地不同坡向、不同土层的土壤全盐量TDS(%)为0.08%-0.20%,阳离子交换量CEC为19.68-74.33 cmol·kg~(-1),且阴坡高寒草地的土壤阳离子交换量显著高于阳坡和滩地的阳离子交换量。土壤盐基离子含量基本呈现Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K~+>Na~+,符合一般规律。土壤交换性盐基总量在0-10 cm和10-20 cm土层呈现阴坡大于滩地和阳坡的规律,在20-40cm土层规律不明显。相关分析表明,土壤pH与交换性Ca~(2+)和盐基饱和度呈显著正相关关系(P=0.002;P=0.034)。逐步回归分析表明,土壤含水量、pH、SOC和NH_4~+-N 4个因子进入CEC的模型,NO_3~--N、pH和TN 3个因子进入Ca~(2+)的模型,AK、AP、土壤含水量3个因子进入K+的模型,只有土壤NO_3~--N进入Na+的模型,但这些土壤因子都未能进入模型解释Mg~(2+)的变化。综上,长江源区高寒草地土壤阳离子交换量和交换性盐基离子总量在不同坡向有明显差异,且均呈现阴坡大于滩地和阳坡的规律。
Soil cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base cations play important role in keeping soil nutrient and buffering soil acidification. Researching the distribution of soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations in alpine grasslands with different topography is of great significance for us to deeply understand soil characteristics and ion movement in alpine grassland ecosystems. In the present study, we took the alpine meadow as the research object to study the effect of slope aspect on soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) and exchangeable based cations in the source region of Yangtze River. Furthermore, we preliminarily explored the relationship among of the soil pH, exchangeable based cations Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Na~+, K~+ and Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+). The results showed that soil total salinities(%) were about 0.08%-0.20% across the different slope aspects in the alpine grassland. Soil CEC were 19.68-74.33 cmol·kg~(-1), and the soil CEC at the north-facing slope grassland was significantly higher than those in the south-facing slope and the beach land grasslands. Soil exchangeable based cations appeared the Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K+>Na+, which in accordance with the universal pattern. The total amount of soil exchangeable based cations in north-facing slope grassland was significantly higher than those in the south-facing slope and the beach land grasslands, especially in the case of that at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. However, at the 20-40 cm, there was no obvious pattern among the three slope aspects grasslands for the total amount of soil exchangeable based cations. Pearson correlation analyses showed that soil pH was positively correlated with the exchangeable Ca~(2+) and the based saturation(P=0.002; P=0.034). Stepwise regression analysis results showed that soil moisture, pH, soil organic carbon, and NH_4~+-N were the main factors effecting the soil cation exchange capacity. NO_3~--N, pH and TN were the main factors effecting the exchangeable Ca~(2+). AK, AP, soil moisture were the main factors effecting the exchangeable K+. NO_3~--N was the main factor effecting the exchangeable Na+. However, these soil properties neither had a significant impact on the exchangeable Mg~(2+). In conclusion, soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) and the total exchangeable based cations in the alpine grasslands were different in the three slope aspects, north-facing slope, beach land, and the south-facing slope, in the source area of the Yangtze River. Summing up, CEC and the total exchangeable based ions shows a consistent pattern among the three slopes, that is north-facing slope>beach land>south-facing slope.
Soil cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base cations play important role in keeping soil nutrient and buffering soil acidification. Researching the distribution of soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations in alpine grasslands with different topography is of great significance for us to deeply understand soil characteristics and ion movement in alpine grassland ecosystems. In the present study, we took the alpine meadow as the research object to study the effect of slope aspect on soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) and exchangeable based cations in the source region of Yangtze River. Furthermore, we preliminarily explored the relationship among of the soil pH, exchangeable based cations Ca~(2+), Mg~(2+), Na~+, K~+ and Ca~(2+)/Mg~(2+). The results showed that soil total salinities(%) were about 0.08%-0.20% across the different slope aspects in the alpine grassland. Soil CEC were 19.68-74.33 cmol·kg~(-1), and the soil CEC at the north-facing slope grassland was significantly higher than those in the south-facing slope and the beach land grasslands. Soil exchangeable based cations appeared the Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)>K+>Na+, which in accordance with the universal pattern. The total amount of soil exchangeable based cations in north-facing slope grassland was significantly higher than those in the south-facing slope and the beach land grasslands, especially in the case of that at 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm. However, at the 20-40 cm, there was no obvious pattern among the three slope aspects grasslands for the total amount of soil exchangeable based cations. Pearson correlation analyses showed that soil pH was positively correlated with the exchangeable Ca~(2+) and the based saturation(P=0.002; P=0.034). Stepwise regression analysis results showed that soil moisture, pH, soil organic carbon, and NH_4~+-N were the main factors effecting the soil cation exchange capacity. NO_3~--N, pH and TN were the main factors effecting the exchangeable Ca~(2+). AK, AP, soil moisture were the main factors effecting the exchangeable K+. NO_3~--N was the main factor effecting the exchangeable Na+. However, these soil properties neither had a significant impact on the exchangeable Mg~(2+). In conclusion, soil cation exchange capacity(CEC) and the total exchangeable based cations in the alpine grasslands were different in the three slope aspects, north-facing slope, beach land, and the south-facing slope, in the source area of the Yangtze River. Summing up, CEC and the total exchangeable based ions shows a consistent pattern among the three slopes, that is north-facing slope>beach land>south-facing slope.
引文
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高雪松,邓良基,张世熔,2005.不同利用方式与坡位土壤物理性质及养分特征分析[J].水土保持学报,19(2):53-56.GAO X S,DENG L J,ZHANG S R,2005.Soil physical properties and nutrient properties under different utilization styles and slope position[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,19(2):53-56.
胡宁,娄翼来,张晓珂,等,2010.保护性耕作对土壤交换性盐基组成的影响[J].应用生态学报,21(6):1492-1496.HU N,LOU Y L,ZHANG X K,et al.,2010.Effects of conservation tillage on the composition of soil exchangeable base[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,21(6):1492-1496.
黄尚书,叶川,钟义军,等,2016.不同土地利用方式对红壤坡地土壤阳离子交换量及交换性盐基离子的影响[J].土壤与作物,5(2):72-77.HUANG S S,YE C,ZHONG Y J,et al.,2016.Soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cations as affected by land use pattern in sloping farmland of red soil[J].Soil and crops,5(2):72-77.
姜林,耿增超,李珊珊,等,2012.祁连山西水林区土壤阳离子交换量及盐基离子的剖面分布[J].生态学报,32(11):3368-3377.JIANG L,GENG Z Q,LI S S,et al.,2012.Soil cation exchange capacity and exchangeable base cation content in the profiles of four typical soils in the Xi-Shui Forest Zone of the Qilian Mountains[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,32(11):3368-3377.
姜勇,张玉革,梁文举,2004.沈阳市郊区蔬菜保护地土壤交换性钙镁含量及钙镁比值的变化[J].生态与农村环境学报,20(3):24-27.JIANG Y,ZHANG Y G,LIANG W J,2004.Soil exchangeable Ca and Mg contents and Ca/Mg ratio in greenhouse vegetable fields in Shenyang suburbs[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,20(3):24-27.
李小刚,2001.含盐量对土壤的水汽吸附及土壤水能量状态的影响[J].土壤通报,32(6):245-249.LI X G,2001.The effect of salt content on vapor adsorption and water potential in salt-affected soils[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,32(6):245-249.
刘旻霞,2017.甘南高寒草甸植物元素含量与土壤因子对坡向梯度的响应[J].生态学报,37(24):8275-8284.LIU M X,2017.Response of plant element content and soil factors to the slope gradient of alpine meadows in Gannan[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,37(24):8275-8284.
刘旻霞,王刚,2013.高寒草甸植物群落多样性及土壤因子对坡向的响应[J].生态学杂志,32(2):259-265.LIU M X,WANG G,2013.Responses of plant community diversity and soil factors to slope aspect in alpine meadow[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,32(2):259-265.
刘世全,蒲玉琳,张世熔,等,2004.西藏土壤阳离子交换量的空间变化和影响因素研究[J].水土保持学报,18(5):1-5.LIU S Q,PU Y L,ZHANG S R,et al.,2004.Spatial change and affecting factors of soil cation exchange capacity in Tibet[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,18(5):1-5.
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