亚热带稻田土壤反硝化动力学参数估算
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摘要
反硝化作用是土壤氮素损失的重要途径,对反硝化潜势的准确估算是农业精准施肥的必然要求。以亚热带典型红壤稻田土作为研究对象,足量添加外源氮进行室内淹水厌氧培养获取反硝化作用动态,并分别用米氏方程和一级动力学方程对其拟合,最后利用土壤基本理化性质对反硝化动力学参数进行估算。结果表明:米氏方程更适合反硝化动力学拟合,最佳的米氏常数(Km)为35mg/kg;米氏最大速率常数(vmax)与一级动力学速率常数(K)具有显著的相关性(r=0.96, P<0.05)。土壤总氮,砂粒和粉粒以及土壤容重对vmax影响最大。利用总氮和粉粒含量作为输入参数估算了vmax,准确度达66%。所构建的参数方程既充分挖掘了土壤基础数据潜能,又能快速地获取土壤反硝化动力学曲线,省时省力。
Denitrification is an important way of soil nitrogen loss, and accurate estimation of denitrification potential is the inevitable requirement of precision agricultural fertilization. The study selected subtropical paddy soils as the object. Soil samples were anaerobically incubated indoors with exogenous sufficient nitrogen(nitrate nitrogen) addition to obtain the denitrification dynamics, which were then fitted by Michaelis-Menten equation and one-order dynamic equation, respectively.Finally, basic physicochemical properties were used to estimate denitrification kinetic parameters. The results showed that Michaelis-Menten equation was more suitable for fitting the kinetics of denitrification in paddy fields. The best fitted Michaelis constant(Km) was 35 mg/kg; Michaelis maximum rate constant(vmax) in Michaelis-Menten equation and the kinetic rate constant(K) in one-order dynamic equation had a significant correlation(r = 0.96, P<0.05). Total soil nitrogen, sand and silt content, and soil bulk density had the greatest impact on vmax. Total nitrogen and silt contents were used as the inputs to estimate vmax, with an accuracy of 66%. The developed function not only fully excavates the potential of soil basic data, but also can efficiently and quickly gain soil denitrification kinetic curve.
Denitrification is an important way of soil nitrogen loss, and accurate estimation of denitrification potential is the inevitable requirement of precision agricultural fertilization. The study selected subtropical paddy soils as the object. Soil samples were anaerobically incubated indoors with exogenous sufficient nitrogen(nitrate nitrogen) addition to obtain the denitrification dynamics, which were then fitted by Michaelis-Menten equation and one-order dynamic equation, respectively.Finally, basic physicochemical properties were used to estimate denitrification kinetic parameters. The results showed that Michaelis-Menten equation was more suitable for fitting the kinetics of denitrification in paddy fields. The best fitted Michaelis constant(Km) was 35 mg/kg; Michaelis maximum rate constant(vmax) in Michaelis-Menten equation and the kinetic rate constant(K) in one-order dynamic equation had a significant correlation(r = 0.96, P<0.05). Total soil nitrogen, sand and silt content, and soil bulk density had the greatest impact on vmax. Total nitrogen and silt contents were used as the inputs to estimate vmax, with an accuracy of 66%. The developed function not only fully excavates the potential of soil basic data, but also can efficiently and quickly gain soil denitrification kinetic curve.
引文
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[3] Schroder J L, Zhang H, Girma K, et al. Soil acidification from long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers on winter wheat[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011,75(3):957–964
[4]曹彦圣,付子轼,孙会峰,等.施氮水平对水稻氮肥利用率和径流负荷的影响[J].土壤, 2016, 48(5):868–872
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[6]王海涛,郑天凌,杨小茹.土壤反硝化的分子生态学研究进展及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(10):1915–1924
[7]娄焕杰,邓焕广,王东启,等.上海城市河岸带土壤反硝化作用研究[J].环境科学学报, 2013, 33(4):1118–1126
[8]孙志高,刘景双,于君宝.三江平原典型草甸小叶章湿地土壤的反硝化作用[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2010, 26(1):117–122
[9] Minasny B, Hartemink A E. Predicting soil properties in the tropics[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2011, 106(1):52-62
[10] Pachepsky Y A, Rawls W J, Lin H S. Hydropedology and pedotransfer functions[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 131(3):308–316
[11]刘光崧.土壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 1996
[12]刘培斌,郭亚洁.土壤中氮素反硝化作用及其动力学规律的实验研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报(自然科学版),1994,(4):15–19
[13] Ahn C, Peralta R M. Soil properties are useful to examine denitrification function development in created mitigation wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2012, 49:130–136
[14]艾娜,周建斌,杨学云,等.长期施肥及撂荒土壤对不同外源氮素固持及转化的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2008,41(12):4109–4118
[15] Yu Y, Zhang J, Chen W, et al. Effect of land use on the denitrification, abundance of denitrifiers, and total nitrogen gas production in the subtropical region of China[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50(1):105–113
[16] D’haene K, Moreels E, De Neve S, et al. Soil properties influencing the denitrification potential of Flemish agricultural soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2003, 38(6):358–366
[17] McClellan M H. Denitrification potential in forest riparian soils of the western Oregon Cascades:Spatial and temporal variation[D]. Oregon State:Oregon State University, 1987
[2] Kahrl F, Li Y, Su Y, et al. Greenhouse gas emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use in China[J]. Environmental Science&Policy, 2010, 13(8):688–694
[3] Schroder J L, Zhang H, Girma K, et al. Soil acidification from long-term use of nitrogen fertilizers on winter wheat[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2011,75(3):957–964
[4]曹彦圣,付子轼,孙会峰,等.施氮水平对水稻氮肥利用率和径流负荷的影响[J].土壤, 2016, 48(5):868–872
[5]熊舞,夏永秋,周伟,等.菜地氮肥用量与N2O排放的关系及硝化抑制剂效果[J].土壤学报, 2013, 50(4):743–751
[6]王海涛,郑天凌,杨小茹.土壤反硝化的分子生态学研究进展及其影响因素[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013,32(10):1915–1924
[7]娄焕杰,邓焕广,王东启,等.上海城市河岸带土壤反硝化作用研究[J].环境科学学报, 2013, 33(4):1118–1126
[8]孙志高,刘景双,于君宝.三江平原典型草甸小叶章湿地土壤的反硝化作用[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2010, 26(1):117–122
[9] Minasny B, Hartemink A E. Predicting soil properties in the tropics[J]. Earth-Science Reviews, 2011, 106(1):52-62
[10] Pachepsky Y A, Rawls W J, Lin H S. Hydropedology and pedotransfer functions[J]. Geoderma, 2006, 131(3):308–316
[11]刘光崧.土壤理化分析与剖面描述[M].北京:中国标准出版社, 1996
[12]刘培斌,郭亚洁.土壤中氮素反硝化作用及其动力学规律的实验研究[J].华北水利水电学院学报(自然科学版),1994,(4):15–19
[13] Ahn C, Peralta R M. Soil properties are useful to examine denitrification function development in created mitigation wetlands[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2012, 49:130–136
[14]艾娜,周建斌,杨学云,等.长期施肥及撂荒土壤对不同外源氮素固持及转化的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2008,41(12):4109–4118
[15] Yu Y, Zhang J, Chen W, et al. Effect of land use on the denitrification, abundance of denitrifiers, and total nitrogen gas production in the subtropical region of China[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2014, 50(1):105–113
[16] D’haene K, Moreels E, De Neve S, et al. Soil properties influencing the denitrification potential of Flemish agricultural soils[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2003, 38(6):358–366
[17] McClellan M H. Denitrification potential in forest riparian soils of the western Oregon Cascades:Spatial and temporal variation[D]. Oregon State:Oregon State University, 1987