中国铜铝铅锌矿产资源开发利用现状及安全供应战略研究
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摘要
作为国民经济发展的重要基础原料,铜、铝、铅、锌是消费量最大的有色金属。近十多年来,中国铜、铝、铅、锌产量和消费量连续高居世界第一,但矿山资源产量远不能满足国内的消费需要,对外依存度居高不下。本文通过对中国铜、铝、铅、锌开发利用现状研究和未来需求预测,分析了国内外资源及二次资源对其消费需求的保障程度,据此制定铜、铝、铅、锌矿产资源安全供应战略,从国内供应、境外开发、国际市场三方面,在矿产品、再生金属以及精炼金属三个环节,定量构建未来20年有色金属安全保障目标,通过加大国内勘查开发力度、提高国内供应能力、坚持境内资源绿色可持续开发、加强二次资源回收、积极利用境外资源等多种途径,保障有色金属资源安全。
As important raw materials for national economic development, copper(Cu), aluminum(Al), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) are the most consumed non-ferrous metals. China's Cu, Al, Pb, Zn production and consumption have consistently ranked first in the world for more than a decade, but the output of mining resources is far from meeting domestic consumption, which leads to a high degree of dependence on foreign resources. Based on exploitation and utilization status study and future demand forecast of Cu, Al, Pb, Zn in China, this paper analyzes the guarantee level of domestic, foreign, and secondary resources to the consumption demands, and formulates a safe supply strategy for Cu, Al, Pb, Zn resources. The safety guarantee target for Cu, Al, Pb, Zn metals in the next 20 years will be quantitatively constructed from the three sources of domestic supply, overseas development, and international trade, and from the three procedures of mineral products, recycled metals, and refined metals. Various strategic measures should be implemented to ensure the safety of Cu, Al, Pb, Zn metal resources, such as increasing domestic exploration and development, improving domestic supply capacity, adhering to green and sustainable development of domestic resources, strengthening secondary resource recovery, and actively utilizing overseas resources.
As important raw materials for national economic development, copper(Cu), aluminum(Al), lead(Pb), and zinc(Zn) are the most consumed non-ferrous metals. China's Cu, Al, Pb, Zn production and consumption have consistently ranked first in the world for more than a decade, but the output of mining resources is far from meeting domestic consumption, which leads to a high degree of dependence on foreign resources. Based on exploitation and utilization status study and future demand forecast of Cu, Al, Pb, Zn in China, this paper analyzes the guarantee level of domestic, foreign, and secondary resources to the consumption demands, and formulates a safe supply strategy for Cu, Al, Pb, Zn resources. The safety guarantee target for Cu, Al, Pb, Zn metals in the next 20 years will be quantitatively constructed from the three sources of domestic supply, overseas development, and international trade, and from the three procedures of mineral products, recycled metals, and refined metals. Various strategic measures should be implemented to ensure the safety of Cu, Al, Pb, Zn metal resources, such as increasing domestic exploration and development, improving domestic supply capacity, adhering to green and sustainable development of domestic resources, strengthening secondary resource recovery, and actively utilizing overseas resources.
引文
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[3]中国有色金属工业协会.中国有色金属工业年鉴2014[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2014.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.The yearbook of nonferrous metals industry of China(2014)[R].Beijing:China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,2014.
[4]中国有色金属工业协会.中国有色金属工业年鉴2015[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2015.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.The yearbook of nonferrous metals industry of China(2015)[R].Beijing:China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,2015.
[5]中国有色金属工业协会.中国有色金属工业年鉴2016[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2016.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.The yearbook of nonferrous metals industry of China(2016)[R].Beijing:China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,2016.
[6]中国有色金属工业协会.中国有色金属工业年鉴2017[R].北京:中国有色金属工业协会,2017.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.The yearbook of nonferrous metals industry of China(2017)[R].Beijing:China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,2017.
[7]中华人民共和国国家统计局.国际统计年鉴2016[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC.International statistical yearbook 2016[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016.
[8]中华人民共和国国土资源部信息中心.世界矿产资源年评[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.Information Center of Ministry of Land and Resources of the PRC.World mineral resources annual review[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2017.
[9]朱玉柱,陈孝劲.中国矿产资源对外依存度研究[J].中国矿业,2015(S2):47-51.Zhu Y Z,Chen X J.The study on foreign degree of dependency of Chinese mining industry[J].China Mining Magazine,2015(S2):47-51.
[10]杨兵.中国有色金属矿产对外依存度与资源可供性之辨析[J].矿产勘查,2013,4(1):8-11.Yang B.Analysis and discussion on dependency of overseas market and supply of China non-ferrous metals resources[J].Mineral Exploration,2013,4(1):8-11.
[11]燕凌羽,王安建,陈其慎,等.跨国矿业公司发展战略研究及对中国的启示[J].黄金,2012(10):1-5.Yan L Y,Wang A J,Chen Q S,et al.Study on development strategy of multinational mining corporations and its implications for China[J].Gold,2012(10):1-5.
[12]燕凌羽,王安建,陈其慎,等.世界大型矿业公司发展历程浅析[J].中国矿业,2012,21(5):8-12.Yan L Y,Wang A J,Chen Q S,et al.Analysis of the development course of large international mining companies[J].China Mining Magazine,2012,21(5):8-12.
[13]王安建,王高尚,陈其慎,等.矿产资源需求理论与模型预测[J].地球学报,2010,31(2):137-147.Wang A J,Wang G S,Chen Q S,et al.The mineral resources demand theory and the prediction model[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2010,31(2):137-147.
[14]李颖,陈其慎,柳群义,等.中国海外矿产资源供应安全评价与形势分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):900-907.Li Y,Chen Q S,Liu Q Y,et al.An indicator system for overseas mineral resource supply security and analysis of the security situation for China’s overseas resource supply[J].Resources Science,2015,37(5):900-907.
[15]马茁卉.我国铅资源供需形势及保证程度研究[J].中国矿业,2013(S1):12-16.Ma Z H.Study on China’s lead resource supply and demand situation and the guarantee degree[J].China Mining Magazine,2013(S1):12-16.
[16]中华人民共和国工业和信息化部.有色金属工业发展规划(2016-2020年)[J].有色冶金节能,2016,32(6):1-10.Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the PRC.Development planning of nonferrous metals industry(2016-2020)[J].Energy Saving of Nonferrous Metallurgy,2016,32(6):1-10.
[17]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴2017[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2017.National Bureau of Statistics of the PRC.China statistical yearbook 2017[M].Beijing:China Statistics Press,2017.
[18]齐海,郝晓晴,安海忠,等.主要矿产品国际供需形势分析[J].资源与产业,2013,15(6):18-34.Qi H,Hao X Q,An H Z,et al.Global supply and demand situation of main minerals prodcuts[J].Resources&Industries,2013,15(6):18-34.