论全球气候治理中FAO援助机制的嬗变及中国应对
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摘要
《巴黎协定》明确了"自下而上"型的温室气体贡献目标,因此,应对气候变化更需包括FAO在内的多元主体予以共同治理。事实上,FAO已将援助发展中国家应对粮食安全的传统工作范围延伸至应对气候变化领域,但客观而言,其仍存在国际合作模式僵化、机构设置与整体目标不匹配、行动能力不强、工作透明度不高等一系列问题。对此,FAO宜在自身改革和治理中更突出应对气候变化工作的重要地位,加强与《联合国气候变化框架公约》体系的互动与衔接,创建发展中国家关于气候变化和粮食安全的数据库。同时,作为最大的发展中国家、农业大国和温室气体排放大国,中国亦应积极参与全球气候治理进程,推动应对气候变化机制的完善,并创新农业发展战略和碳融资方案。
The Paris Agreement 2015 has affirmed the "from bottom to top" greenhouse gases reduction goal, therefore, there is a crying need for the co-governance of multiple subjects including Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations( FAO) in the area of climate change. Actually, FAO has extended its work scope from traditional food security to assisting developing countries in addressing climate change. However, objectively, there are still a series of problems, such as rigid international cooperation model, mismatch between institutional settings and overall objectives, weak operational capacity and low transparency of work. FAO should give more prominence to climate change response in its own reform and governance, strengthen interaction and linkages with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change system, and create a database of developing countries on climate change and food security. Meanwhile,as the biggest developing country, and a big agricultural and greenhouse gas emission country, China should also actively participate in global climate governance process, promote the improvement of climate change response mechanism and innovate agricultural development strategy and carbon financing scheme.
The Paris Agreement 2015 has affirmed the "from bottom to top" greenhouse gases reduction goal, therefore, there is a crying need for the co-governance of multiple subjects including Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations( FAO) in the area of climate change. Actually, FAO has extended its work scope from traditional food security to assisting developing countries in addressing climate change. However, objectively, there are still a series of problems, such as rigid international cooperation model, mismatch between institutional settings and overall objectives, weak operational capacity and low transparency of work. FAO should give more prominence to climate change response in its own reform and governance, strengthen interaction and linkages with the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change system, and create a database of developing countries on climate change and food security. Meanwhile,as the biggest developing country, and a big agricultural and greenhouse gas emission country, China should also actively participate in global climate governance process, promote the improvement of climate change response mechanism and innovate agricultural development strategy and carbon financing scheme.
引文
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[2]冯帅.应对气候变化能力建设行动的国际进展与中国策略——以前《巴黎协定》时期为中心[J].中国科技论坛,2017(5):174-179.
[3]朱立志,谢杰,钱克明,等.全球变暖、人口增加对世界农业贸易的影响[J].农业经济问题,2008(2):21-27.
[4]UNITED NATIONS. Report of the world food conference[R/OL].(2013-01-01)[2017-05-13]. http://agris. fao. org/agris-search/search. do? record ID=US201300526178.
[5]曾文革,冯帅.巴黎协定能力建设条款:成就、不足与展望[J].环境保护,2015(24):39-42.
[6]吴志成,徐芳宇.联合国与全球气候治理[J].南开学报(哲学社会科学版),2015(6):9-17.
[7]赵姣,杨晓光,王志敏.气候智能型农业的理念与实践[J].农学学报,2015(9):117-124.
[8]曾文革,冯帅.后巴黎时代应对气候变化能力建设的中国路径[J].江西社会科学,2016(4):148-152.
[9]张美华.经济全球化对中国农业发展的影响[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2000(3):51-53.
[10]公茂刚,王学真.发展中国家粮食安全决定因素实证分析[J].农业技术经济,2010(8):47-53.
[11]BJORKUM I. China in the international politics of climate change:A foreign policy analysis[J]. Environmental Policy Collection,2005,68:538-542.
[12]许琳,陈迎.全球气候治理与中国的战略选择[J].世界经济与政治,2013(1):133-134.
[13]顾益康,袁海平.中国农业安全问题思考[J].农业经济问题,2010(4):56-57.
[14]张锦洪,胡华.农业基础地位的国际证据[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2009(5):32-36.
[15]王露阳,魏庆坡.碳交易市场对接合作初探及对中国的启示[J].生态经济,2016(12):56-57.