“自然地理学”实践研究——河南省雾霾污染时空分布特征及对策研究
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摘要
近年来雾霾越来越严重,对广大居民造成了的严重影响,我们利用文献分析法和SPSS主成分分析法研究了河南省的雾霾主要形成因子和各市雾霾污染时空分布特征得出:(1)全省雾霾的形成主要是由PM2.5造成的,PM2.5主要来源于汽车尾气、烟煤尘、城市扬尘、硫酸盐和硝酸盐,其中汽车尾气占较大的比例。(2)河南省雾霾污染南轻北重,北部以安阳、郑州、焦作这些城市雾霾最为严重,原因以重工业为主、汽车数量多;南部以信阳、南阳、周口这些城市雾霾最轻,原因轻工业为主、经济落后。
In recent years, haze has become more and more serious, which has a serious impact on the residents. By using literature analysis and SPSS principal component analysis, we studied the main formation factors of haze in Henan Province and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of haze pollution in various cities. We concluded that:(1) the formation of haze in Henan Province is mainly caused by PM2.5, which mainly comes from automobile exhaust, bituminous coal dust, urban dust, sulfate. And nitrate, in which automobile exhaust accounts for a large proportion.(2) The haze pollution in Henan Province is light in the South and heavy in the north. The most serious haze in the north is in Anyang, Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo,which are mainly caused by heavy industry and a large number of automobiles. In the south, the haze in Xinyang, Nanyang and Zhoukou are the lightest, which is mainly caused by light industry and backward economy.
In recent years, haze has become more and more serious, which has a serious impact on the residents. By using literature analysis and SPSS principal component analysis, we studied the main formation factors of haze in Henan Province and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of haze pollution in various cities. We concluded that:(1) the formation of haze in Henan Province is mainly caused by PM2.5, which mainly comes from automobile exhaust, bituminous coal dust, urban dust, sulfate. And nitrate, in which automobile exhaust accounts for a large proportion.(2) The haze pollution in Henan Province is light in the South and heavy in the north. The most serious haze in the north is in Anyang, Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo,which are mainly caused by heavy industry and a large number of automobiles. In the south, the haze in Xinyang, Nanyang and Zhoukou are the lightest, which is mainly caused by light industry and backward economy.
引文
[1]中国气象局.地面气象观测规范[M].北京:气象出版社,2003:21-27.
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[3]Quinn P K,Bates T S.North American,Asian and Indian Haze Similar Regional Impacts on Climate[J].Geophysi-cal Research Letters,2003.30(11):1555-1559.
[4]范引琪,李春强.1980-2003年京津冀地区能见度变化趋势研究[J].高原气象,2008.27(6):1392-1400.
[5]吴兑.关于霾和雾的区别和灰霾天气预警的讨论[J].气象,2005(4):3-7.
[6]Sun,Z.,Mu,Y.,Liu,Y.et al.A comparison study on airborne particles during haze days and non-haze days in Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456/457:1-8.
[2]Maim W C.Characteristics and Origins of Haze in the Con-tinental United-States[J].Earth-Science R eviews,1992.33(1):1-36.
[3]Quinn P K,Bates T S.North American,Asian and Indian Haze Similar Regional Impacts on Climate[J].Geophysi-cal Research Letters,2003.30(11):1555-1559.
[4]范引琪,李春强.1980-2003年京津冀地区能见度变化趋势研究[J].高原气象,2008.27(6):1392-1400.
[5]吴兑.关于霾和雾的区别和灰霾天气预警的讨论[J].气象,2005(4):3-7.
[6]Sun,Z.,Mu,Y.,Liu,Y.et al.A comparison study on airborne particles during haze days and non-haze days in Beijing[J].Science of the Total Environment,2013,456/457:1-8.