碳交易及模糊预算下火电企业碳减排最优策略研究
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摘要
以火电企业碳减排策略为背景,将企业投资预算资金作为模糊变量,整合节能减排技术的成本及收益,以火电企业碳减排成本最小为目标构建碳减排策略选择模型。通过案例分析,研究了3种情景下企业策略选择和技术投入时序。结果表明:火电企业应主动开展节能减排技术改造;严苛的交易机制将增加技术应用数量并提早应用时间,且充足的预算资金有助于企业碳减排成本的降低;相比于投入成本的增加,碳交易成本的节约更为显著。模型可为火电企业制定减排策略提供参考。
Based on the carbon emission reduction strategy of thermal power enterprises, the paper takes the investment budget of enterprises as a fuzzy variable, integrates the cost and benefit of energy saving and emission reduction technology, and builds a carbon emission reduction strategy selection model with the objective of minimizing the carbon emission reduction cost of thermal power enterprises. Through case analysis, the enterprise strategy selection and technology input timing in three scenarios are studied. Results show that thermal power enterprises should take initiative to carry out energy saving and emission reduction technology transformation. A strict trading system will increase the scale of technology applications and advance application time, and sufficient budget funds will help reduce the cost of carbon emission reduction. Reduction of carbon trading costs is more significant than increase of input costs. The model can provide reference for thermal power enterprises to formulate emission reduction strategies.
Based on the carbon emission reduction strategy of thermal power enterprises, the paper takes the investment budget of enterprises as a fuzzy variable, integrates the cost and benefit of energy saving and emission reduction technology, and builds a carbon emission reduction strategy selection model with the objective of minimizing the carbon emission reduction cost of thermal power enterprises. Through case analysis, the enterprise strategy selection and technology input timing in three scenarios are studied. Results show that thermal power enterprises should take initiative to carry out energy saving and emission reduction technology transformation. A strict trading system will increase the scale of technology applications and advance application time, and sufficient budget funds will help reduce the cost of carbon emission reduction. Reduction of carbon trading costs is more significant than increase of input costs. The model can provide reference for thermal power enterprises to formulate emission reduction strategies.
引文
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[12]张程飞,袁越,张新松,等.考虑碳排放配额影响的含风电系统日前调度计划模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2114-2120.Zhang Chengfei,Yuan Yue,Zhang Xinsong,et al.Day-ahead dispatching scheduling for power grid integrated with wind farm considering influence of carbon emission quota[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2114-2120(in Chinese).
[13]娄素华,胡斌,吴耀武,等.碳交易环境下含大规模光伏电源的电力系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):91-97.Lou Suhua,Hu Bin,Wu Yaowu,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system integrated with large scale photovoltaic generation under carbon trading environment[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):91-97(in Chinese).
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[17]檀勤良,王瑞武,潘昕昕,等.模糊供给下生物质发电燃料供应链模式研究[J].中国软科学,2017(2):123-131.Tan Qinliang,Wang Ruiwu,Pan Xinxin,et al.Research on supply chain model of biomass power generation under fuzzy supply[J].China Soft Science,2017(2):123-131(in Chinese).
[18] Xu J,Zhou X.Approximation based fuzzy multi-objective models with expected objectives and chance constraints:application to earthrock work allocation[J].Information Sciences,2013,238(7):75-95.
[19] Li W,Jia Z J.The impact of emission trading scheme and the ratio of free quota:a dynamic recursive CGE model in China[J].Applied Energy,2016,174:1-14.
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[21]国家发展和改革委员会.国家重点节能低碳技术推广目录(2017年本)技术报告[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2017.
[22]刘晓君.工程经济学(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:55-56.
[2]欧阳建军,沈厚才,罗子灿.竞争环境下高耗能制造企业节能方式选择[J].系统工程理论与实践,2018,38(10):2564-2577.Ouyang Jianjun,Shen Houcai,Luo Zican.The choice between energy saving modes for competing manufactures[J].Systems EngineeringTheory&Practice,2018,38(10):2564-2577(in Chinese).
[3]许小虎,邹毅.碳交易机制对电力行业影响分析[J].生态经济,2016,32(3):92-96.Xu Xiaohu,Zou Yi.Analysis of impact of carbon trading on power industry[J].Ecological Economy,2016,32(3):92-96(in Chinese).
[4]叶勇健,龙辉.煤电机组应对二氧化碳减排的策略[J].上海电力学院学报,2018,34(4):315-321.Ye Yongjian,Long Hui.Strategies of CO2 emission reduction for coal-fired units[J].Journal of Shanghai University of Electric Power,2018,34(4):315-321(in Chinese).
[5]王明喜,王明荣,汪寿阳,等.最优减排策略及其实施的理论分析[J].管理评论,2010,22(6):42-47.Wang Mingxi,Wang Mingrong,Wang Shouyang,et al.A theoretical analysis of optimal emission reduction decision and its implementation[J].Management Review,2010,22(6):42-47(in Chinese).
[6]吴鸿亮,刘羽霄,张宁,等.南方电网西电东送中的碳交易模型及其效益分析[J].电网技术,2017,41(3):745-751.Wu Hongliang,Liu Yuxiao,Zhang Ning,et al.Carbon trading models and benefit analysis in CSG west-to-east power transmission[J].Power System Technology,2017,41(3):745-751(in Chinese).
[7]檀勤良,丁毅宏.考虑碳交易的火电节能调度优化模型及应对模式[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(7):175-181+188.Tan Qinliang,Ding Yihong.Optimal energy-saving dispatching model for thermal power considering carbon trading and its coping mode[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(7):175-181+188(in Chinese).
[8]程发新,邵世玲,徐立峰,等.基于政府补贴的企业主动碳减排最优策略研究[J].中国人口?资源与环境,2015,25(7):32-39.Cheng Faxin,Shao Shiling,Xu Lifeng,et al.Optimal strategy of government subsidized initiative carbon reduction[J]. China Population,Resources and Environment,2015,25(7):32-39(in Chinese).
[9]叶斌,唐杰,陆强.电力行业碳排放权资源影子价格模型:以海南为例[J].运筹与管理,2013,22(4):157-162.Ye Bin,Tang Jie,Lu Qiang.Carbon emissions allowance shadow price model:an application in Hainan power generation sector[J].Operations Research and Management Science,2013,22(4):157-162(in Chinese).
[10]刘楠峰,范莉莉,陈肖琳.碳交易机制下以技术投入为导向的边际减排成本曲线研究——以水泥、火电、煤炭和钢铁行业为例[J].中国科技论坛,2017(7):57-63+86.Liu Nanfeng,Fan Lili,Chen Xiaolin.Marginal abatement cost curve of technology oriented under carbon-trading mechanism-taking cement, thermal power, coal and iron and steel sectors as an example[J].Forum on Science and Technology in China,2017(7):57-63+86(in Chinese).
[11]夏炎,范英.基于减排成本曲线演化的碳减排策略研究[J].中国软科学,2012(3):12-22.Xia Yan,Fan Ying.Study on emission reduction strategy based on evolutive CO2 abatement cost curve[J].China Soft Science,2012(3):12-22(in Chinese).
[12]张程飞,袁越,张新松,等.考虑碳排放配额影响的含风电系统日前调度计划模型[J].电网技术,2014,38(8):2114-2120.Zhang Chengfei,Yuan Yue,Zhang Xinsong,et al.Day-ahead dispatching scheduling for power grid integrated with wind farm considering influence of carbon emission quota[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(8):2114-2120(in Chinese).
[13]娄素华,胡斌,吴耀武,等.碳交易环境下含大规模光伏电源的电力系统优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(17):91-97.Lou Suhua,Hu Bin,Wu Yaowu,et al.Optimal dispatch of power system integrated with large scale photovoltaic generation under carbon trading environment[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(17):91-97(in Chinese).
[14] Tan Q L,Ding Y H,Zhang Y M.Optimization model of an efficient collaborative power dispatching system for carbon emissions trading in China[J].Energies,2017,10(9):1405.
[15] Hübler M,Voigt S,L?schel A.Designing an emissions trading scheme for China-an up-to-date climate policy assessment[J].Energy Policy,2014,75:57-72.
[16] Li W,Lu C.The research on setting a unified interval of carbon price benchmark in the national carbon trading market of China[J].Applied Energy,2015,155:728-739.
[17]檀勤良,王瑞武,潘昕昕,等.模糊供给下生物质发电燃料供应链模式研究[J].中国软科学,2017(2):123-131.Tan Qinliang,Wang Ruiwu,Pan Xinxin,et al.Research on supply chain model of biomass power generation under fuzzy supply[J].China Soft Science,2017(2):123-131(in Chinese).
[18] Xu J,Zhou X.Approximation based fuzzy multi-objective models with expected objectives and chance constraints:application to earthrock work allocation[J].Information Sciences,2013,238(7):75-95.
[19] Li W,Jia Z J.The impact of emission trading scheme and the ratio of free quota:a dynamic recursive CGE model in China[J].Applied Energy,2016,174:1-14.
[20]国家发展和改革委员会.国家重点节能低碳技术推广目录(2017年本)[Z].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2017.
[21]国家发展和改革委员会.国家重点节能低碳技术推广目录(2017年本)技术报告[R].北京:国家发展和改革委员会,2017.
[22]刘晓君.工程经济学(第二版)[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:55-56.