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青藏高原南部佩枯错流域冰川-湖泊变化及其对气候的响应
摘要
冰川和湖泊变化反映了区域的水热平衡变化,是气候变化的天然指示器。佩枯错流域位于喜马拉雅山北麓,流域内冰川-湖泊变化是对气候变化的响应。文中利用Landsat系列影像及测高数据ICESat/GLAS和CryoSat-2,获取佩枯错流域内1991,2000,2009和2014年4期冰川和湖泊面积以及湖面高程变化;通过建立湖泊面积和高程的关系式,获得湖泊的水量变化,结合气象要素,分析冰川-湖泊变化对气候的响应。结果表明:1991年以来,佩枯错流域内冰川、湖泊呈退缩趋势,且退缩速率加快,在2013年降水量突增导致湖泊水位有所上涨。可知,气温升高导致冰川加速消融,降水量与蒸发量的差额变化量影响湖泊变化。流域内冰川、湖泊变化对气候变化响应显著。
Glacier and lake are considered to be the indictors of climate change,and the variations of which reflect the water and energy balance. The research on the variations of lake and glacier attracts much attention as global warming. Based on RS( remote sensing) and GIS( Geographic Information System),the areas of lake and glacier in Peiku Co basin in 1991,2000,2009 and 2014 were acquired from Land Sat TM and OLI data.The Peiku Co surface level changes were calculated using ICESat / GLAS and CryoSat-2 data. The glacier-lake volume changes in different periods were calculated based on the function built between the lake area and lake surface level which we achieved. The results show that the lake and glacier in this catchment were shrinking in recent 20 years,and the rates of shrinkage fluctuated in different periods. Climate factors such as air temperature,precipitation and evaporation were analyzed with linkage of the lake and glaciers variations. The results suggest that temperature increasing was the main reason for accelerated melting of glaciers,lake area shrinkage was mainly induced low precipitation and high evaporation. Regional precipitation and evaporation and their linkages with lake area shrinkage need to be thoroughly studied under the global warming and glaciers retreating.
引文
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