养殖废水灌溉对玉米地土壤水溶性碳及其剖面分布的影响
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摘要
为了研究养殖废水灌溉对土壤水溶性碳量及其占总有机碳量比例的剖面分布的影响,设置水质和灌溉量处理,测定了玉米地土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量,分析了水溶性碳占总有机碳比例及其剖面分布特征。结果表明,总有机碳及水溶性碳量在土壤表层较高,且随着土层加深均有所减少。养殖废水灌溉条件下的土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量总体上比清水灌溉处理的高,这说明在一定范围内养殖废水灌溉更有利于土壤中有机碳量的增加。清水灌溉条件下,灌水量为640 m~3/hm~2时土壤总有机碳量最高;灌水量为760 m~3/hm~2时水溶性碳量最高。养殖废水灌溉条件下,灌水量为880 m~3/hm~2时土壤总有机碳和水溶性碳量均为最高。由于土壤中的总有机碳在土壤深层分布较少,且随土层加深土壤总有机碳量下降幅度减小,水溶性碳占总有机碳的比例随土层深度加深而逐步增加。养殖废水灌溉有利于土壤总有机碳、水溶性碳量的增加,并可促进二者在土壤表层的积累。
Aiming to analyze the effect of livestocks waste water irrigation on soil total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and the proportion of them, lysimeter experiment was conducted including clear water irrigation and livestocks waste water irrigation with three irrigation amounts. The results showed that the contents of total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon decreased with the increase of soil depth. Generally, the contents of the total organic carbon irrigated by livestocks waste water were higher than those under clear water irrigation,which showed that livestocks waste water irrigation would induce the increase of soil carbon content within a certain range, especially in upper soil. The proportion of dissolved organic carbon to the total organic carbon gradually increased with soil depth,as the decrement of soil total organic carbon increased with soil depth and decrement of soluble organic carbon decreased. Under the clear water irrigation, the content of total organic carbon in the surface soil was the highest when the irrigation amount was 640 m~3/hm~2 and the content of dissolved organic carbon was the highest when the irrigation amount was 760 m~3/hm~2; under the livestocks waste water irrigation, both total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were the highest when the irrigation amount was 880m~3/hm~2. Livestocks waste water irrigation is beneficial to the increase of the contents of soil total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon and the accumulation of them in the upper soil.
Aiming to analyze the effect of livestocks waste water irrigation on soil total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon and the proportion of them, lysimeter experiment was conducted including clear water irrigation and livestocks waste water irrigation with three irrigation amounts. The results showed that the contents of total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon decreased with the increase of soil depth. Generally, the contents of the total organic carbon irrigated by livestocks waste water were higher than those under clear water irrigation,which showed that livestocks waste water irrigation would induce the increase of soil carbon content within a certain range, especially in upper soil. The proportion of dissolved organic carbon to the total organic carbon gradually increased with soil depth,as the decrement of soil total organic carbon increased with soil depth and decrement of soluble organic carbon decreased. Under the clear water irrigation, the content of total organic carbon in the surface soil was the highest when the irrigation amount was 640 m~3/hm~2 and the content of dissolved organic carbon was the highest when the irrigation amount was 760 m~3/hm~2; under the livestocks waste water irrigation, both total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon contents were the highest when the irrigation amount was 880m~3/hm~2. Livestocks waste water irrigation is beneficial to the increase of the contents of soil total organic carbon and dissolved organic carbon and the accumulation of them in the upper soil.
引文
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[15]廖林仙,蔡旺炜,邵孝侯,等.奶牛场废水灌溉不同水分处理对土壤质量及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(10):13-16.
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[18]唐首锋,张玉龙,袁德玲,等.保护地不同灌溉方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(3):39-41,45.
[19]巫芯宇,廖和平,杨伟.耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳与易氧化有机碳的影响[J].农机化研究,2013,35(1):184-188.
[2]SHINJI KANEKO,KATSUYA TANAKA,TOMOYO TOYOTA,et a1.Water efficiency of agricultural production in China:Regional com parison from 1999 to 2002[J].International Journal of Agricultural Resources,Governance and Ecology,2004,3(3/4):231-234.
[3]HU J L,WANG S C,YEH F Y.Total-factor water efficiency of regions in China[J].Resources Policy,2006,31(4):217-230..
[4]封志明,杨艳昭,刘宝勤.甘肃省农田水分平衡及其时空分布规律[J].自然资源学报,2005,20(2):188-194.
[5]吕翠美,吴泽宁.区域用水效率与节水潜力的能值分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,2009,23(2):62-67.
[6]李绍飞.改进的模糊物元模型在灌区农业用水效率评价中的应用[J].干旱区资源与环境,2011,25(11):175-181.
[7]CHARNES A,COOPER W W,RHODES E.Measuring the efficiency of decision making units[J].European Journal of Operational Research,1978,2(6):429-444.
[8]安静,邓波,韩建国,等.土壤有机碳稳定性研究进展[J].草原与草坪,2009(2):82-87.
[9]胡海清,陆昕,孙龙,等.土壤活性有机碳分组及测定方法[J].森林工程,2012,28(5):18-22.
[10]林滨,陶澍.沉积物中水溶性天然有机物吸着系数的动态测定[J].地理科学,1996,16(2):164-169.
[11]汪伟,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.罗浮栲天然林土壤可溶性有机碳的剖面分布及季节变化[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(6):924-928.
[12]BURFORD J R,BREMNER J M.Relationships between the denitrification capacities of soils and total,water-soluble and readily decompos able soil organic matter[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1975,7(6):389-394.
[13]李忠佩,张桃林,陈碧云.可溶性有机碳含量动态及其与土壤有机碳矿化的关系研究[J].土壤学报,2004,41(4):544-551.
[14]刘淑霞,刘景双,赵明东,等.土壤活性有机碳与养分有效性及作物产量的关系[J].吉林农业大学学报,2003,25(5):539-543.
[15]廖林仙,蔡旺炜,邵孝侯,等.奶牛场废水灌溉不同水分处理对土壤质量及硝态氮淋溶的影响[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(10):13-16.
[16]韩琳,张玉龙,王烁,等.灌溉模式对保护地土壤可溶性有机碳与微生物量碳的影响[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(8):1 625-1 633.
[17]马力,杨林章,慈恩,等.长期不同施肥处理对水稻土有机碳分布变异及其矿化动态的影响[J].土壤学报,2009,46(6):1 050-1 058.
[18]唐首锋,张玉龙,袁德玲,等.保护地不同灌溉方式下土壤碳库管理指数的研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2009,28(3):39-41,45.
[19]巫芯宇,廖和平,杨伟.耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳与易氧化有机碳的影响[J].农机化研究,2013,35(1):184-188.