中国八甲人与空格人的体质特征
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摘要
八甲人与空格人属于我国未识别族群。我们去云南省西双版纳调查了八甲人158例(男为61例,女为97例)与空格人71例(男为46例,女为25例)的86项体质指标,初步分析了八甲人与空格人的体质特征。结果如下:1)八甲人的上眼睑皱褶率男为95.08%,女为98.97%;空格人的上眼睑皱褶率男为80.43%,女为100%。八甲人蒙古褶率男为18.03%,女为29.90%;空格人的蒙古褶率男为32.61%,女为64.00%。八甲人与空格人眼裂高度多为中等,眼外角高于眼内角。八甲人男女鼻根高度多为中等。空格人男性鼻根较高,女性鼻根中等。八甲人与空格人男女均为直型鼻梁,鼻基部多为水平方向。八甲人男女颧骨体不突出。八甲人鼻翼高度约为鼻高的1/4。八甲人与空格人男女鼻翼宽与两眼内角间宽几乎等长,多为圆形耳垂,上红唇多为薄唇,唇皮类型多为中等。八甲人眼色多为褐色,空格人眼色多为黑色。2)根据头面部、体部指数分型,八甲人与空格人男女均以高头型率、阔头型率、中鼻型率、中腿型率、宽肩型率、身材矮型率最高。八甲人男女还以圆头型率、长躯干型率、宽胸型率最高。空格人男女还以中胸型率、窄骨盆型率最高。八甲人与空格人男性还以阔面型率最高,而女性则以中面型率最高。3)聚类分析显示八甲人与空格人体质特征属于南方族群类型。
The Bajia and Kongge belong to unrecognized ethnic groups in China.Eighty-six anthropological characteristics were assessed in 158 Bajia adults(61 males and 97 females) and 71 Kongge adults(46 males and 25 females) living in Xishuangbanna City,Yunnan Province.The results of this research are as follows.The frequency of upper eyelid eyefold of the Bajia is 95.08%(male) and 98.97%(female),and of the Kongge is 80.43%(male) and 100%(female).The frequency of the Mongoloid fold in the Bajia is 18.03%(male) and 29.90%(female),whereas in the Kongge values are 32.61%(male) and 64%(female).Opening heights of eye slits in the Bajia and Kongge are medium,with the external angle higher than the internal angle.Nasal root height is medium in Bajia and Kongge females,but higher in Kongge males.Straight nose bridges characterize both the Bajia and Kongge.Cheekbones of the Bajia are not prominent.The nose breadth and interocular breadth are nearly equal length in the Bajia and Kongge.Their ear lobe types are round.Lip thickness is thin,with the upper lip skin height mostly medium.Eye color of the Bajia is mostly brown,whereas the Kongge is black.Adults of the Bajia and Kongge are hypsicephalic and tapeinocephalic type,mesorrhiny,mesatiskelic,with broad shoulder breadth and short stature.Bajia adults have characteristics of brachycephaly,long trunk and broad chest circumference.Kongge adults have a medium chest circumference and narrow distance between iliac crests.Cluster analysis shows that the physical characteristics of the Bajia and Kongge belong to the southern ethnic groups.
The Bajia and Kongge belong to unrecognized ethnic groups in China.Eighty-six anthropological characteristics were assessed in 158 Bajia adults(61 males and 97 females) and 71 Kongge adults(46 males and 25 females) living in Xishuangbanna City,Yunnan Province.The results of this research are as follows.The frequency of upper eyelid eyefold of the Bajia is 95.08%(male) and 98.97%(female),and of the Kongge is 80.43%(male) and 100%(female).The frequency of the Mongoloid fold in the Bajia is 18.03%(male) and 29.90%(female),whereas in the Kongge values are 32.61%(male) and 64%(female).Opening heights of eye slits in the Bajia and Kongge are medium,with the external angle higher than the internal angle.Nasal root height is medium in Bajia and Kongge females,but higher in Kongge males.Straight nose bridges characterize both the Bajia and Kongge.Cheekbones of the Bajia are not prominent.The nose breadth and interocular breadth are nearly equal length in the Bajia and Kongge.Their ear lobe types are round.Lip thickness is thin,with the upper lip skin height mostly medium.Eye color of the Bajia is mostly brown,whereas the Kongge is black.Adults of the Bajia and Kongge are hypsicephalic and tapeinocephalic type,mesorrhiny,mesatiskelic,with broad shoulder breadth and short stature.Bajia adults have characteristics of brachycephaly,long trunk and broad chest circumference.Kongge adults have a medium chest circumference and narrow distance between iliac crests.Cluster analysis shows that the physical characteristics of the Bajia and Kongge belong to the southern ethnic groups.
引文
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[15]李咏兰,陆舜华,郑连斌,等.浙江汉族的体质特征[J].解剖学报,2013,44(5):707-716
[16]张振标,张建军.海南岛黎族体质特征之研究[J].人类学学报,1982,1(1):53-71
[17]郑连斌,陆舜华,丁博.仫佬族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2006,25(3):242-250
[18]胡兴宇,兰顺清,汪澜,等.对四川省红原县境内安多藏族男女青壮年体质特征的调查研究[J].泸州医学院学报,1988,11(2):83-87
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[20]郑连斌,朱钦,王巧玲,等.宁夏回族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(1):11-21
[21]朱钦,王树勋,阎桂彬,等.鄂伦春族体质现状及与60年前资料的比较[J].人类学学报,1999,18(4):296-306
[22]齐连枝,王树勋,朱钦,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟蒙古族体质现状[J].内蒙古医学院学报,2001,23(3):141-146
[23]施全德,胡俊清,杨宏有,等.黑龙江省达斡尔族体质特征调查[J].人类学学报,1983,2(1):60-71
[24]戴玉景,杨东亚.甘肃东乡族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1991,10(2):127-134
[25]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217
[26]邵兴周,崔静,朱新安,等.新疆特克斯县柯尔克孜族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):315-323
[27]李咏兰,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.中国布里亚特人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(4):357-367
[28]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300
[29]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258
[30]施全德,胡俊清,赵贵新,等.赫哲族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):336-342
[2]郑连斌,张淑丽,陆舜华,等.布依族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2005,24(2):137-144
[3]庞祖荫,李培春,黄秀峰,等.广西巴马县瑶族体质特征[J].右江民族医学院学报,1988,10(3):28-33
[4]杨秀海,余跃生,欧德灯,等.贵州侗族体质人类学研究[J].人类学学报,2010,29(1):73-81
[5]李咏兰,郑连斌,冯晨露,等.家人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2015,34(2):234-244
[6]李明,李跃敏,程宏忠,等.云南阿昌族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):20-26
[7]郑连斌,宇克莉,包金萍,等.云南汉族体质特征[J].云南大学学报(自然科学版),2013,35(5):703-718
[8]李明,李跃敏,余发昌,等.云南拉祜族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2001,20(1):39-44
[9]郑连斌,陆舜华,丁博,等.云南蒙古族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(1):74-85
[10]刘冠豪,余发昌,李明,等.云南纳西族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1992,11(1):13-19
[11]李明,李跃敏,余发昌.云南普米族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,1995,14(3):227-232
[12]郑连斌,陆舜华,陈媛媛,等.中国克木人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(1):45-53
[13]李培春,梁明康,吴荣敏,等.水族的体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1994,13(1):56-63
[14]梁明康,李培春,庞祖荫,等.广西隆林县仡佬族体质特征[J].右江民族医学院学报,1989,11(4):1-9
[15]李咏兰,陆舜华,郑连斌,等.浙江汉族的体质特征[J].解剖学报,2013,44(5):707-716
[16]张振标,张建军.海南岛黎族体质特征之研究[J].人类学学报,1982,1(1):53-71
[17]郑连斌,陆舜华,丁博.仫佬族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,2006,25(3):242-250
[18]胡兴宇,兰顺清,汪澜,等.对四川省红原县境内安多藏族男女青壮年体质特征的调查研究[J].泸州医学院学报,1988,11(2):83-87
[19]杨东亚,戴玉景.甘肃保安族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1990,9(1):55-63
[20]郑连斌,朱钦,王巧玲,等.宁夏回族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1997,16(1):11-21
[21]朱钦,王树勋,阎桂彬,等.鄂伦春族体质现状及与60年前资料的比较[J].人类学学报,1999,18(4):296-306
[22]齐连枝,王树勋,朱钦,等.内蒙古锡林郭勒盟蒙古族体质现状[J].内蒙古医学院学报,2001,23(3):141-146
[23]施全德,胡俊清,杨宏有,等.黑龙江省达斡尔族体质特征调查[J].人类学学报,1983,2(1):60-71
[24]戴玉景,杨东亚.甘肃东乡族体质特征研究[J].人类学学报,1991,10(2):127-134
[25]张兴华,郑连斌,宇克莉,等.山东寿光汉族体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(2):206-217
[26]邵兴周,崔静,朱新安,等.新疆特克斯县柯尔克孜族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):315-323
[27]李咏兰,郑连斌,陆舜华,等.中国布里亚特人的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2011,30(4):357-367
[28]陆舜华,郑连斌,索利娅,等.俄罗斯族体质特征分析[J].人类学学报,2005,24(4):291-300
[29]郑连斌,陆舜华,于会新,等.佤族的体质特征[J].人类学学报,2007,26(3):249-258
[30]施全德,胡俊清,赵贵新,等.赫哲族体质特征[J].人类学学报,1987,6(4):336-342