山西省传统村落人口特征及变动研究
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摘要
"活态保护"的最终问题是要"留得住人",村落的人口规模、结构特征及其变化趋势是村落生机和活力的重要表征。文章以山西省289个省级以上传统村落为实证,基于"五普"、"六普"村级人口数据,对此作了分析。研究表明:(1)传统村落以中小型聚落偏多,人口规模的分化日趋明显,人口增长率具有空间关联性,晋中盆地南部是人口增长村落的集中分布区。(2)70%的村落为老年型人口结构,且老龄化速度较快;人口文化构成相对较好,文盲率下降趋势明显;外来人口活跃度逐步增强,中度和高度活跃区主要分布在1000人以上规模的村落。(3)传统村落人口规模与外来人口比重呈正相关,与老年人口系数、文盲人口比重呈低度负相关关系,人口规模与区位是"活态保护"重点和保护模式选择应考虑的重要因素。(4)总体分析,山西省传统村落仍具有较强的人口集聚活力。
The ultimate problem of"living preservation"is able to remain people stay.The population scale,structural characteristics and the changing trend of the village are the important representation of the vitality and vigor of the village. This paper takes 289 traditional villages in Shanxi Province as an example,and analyzes the problem based on the fifth and sixth population census at village level. The research indicates that:firstly,the traditional villages is mostly middle and small village in scale,and the scale differentiation is constantly increasing. The population growth rate has spatial correlation,and the southern part of Jinzhong basin is the concentrated distribution area of population growth. Secondly,70% of the villages belong to the elderly population structure,and the aging of population is faster;the composition of the population culture is relatively good,and the illiteracy rate is decreased obviously;the activity of migrant population is gradually enhanced,and the moderate and highly active areas are mainly distributed in the village of more than 1000 people. Meanwhile,it is shows a lower positive correlation between the population scale in traditional villages and the proportion of migrant population,and a lower negative correlation among the coefficient of elderly population and the proportion of illiterate population. Population scale and location are both the important factors of the "living protection" and the selection of protection mode to be considered. Lastly,in general,the traditional villages in Shanxi province still has a strong population gathering vitality.
The ultimate problem of"living preservation"is able to remain people stay.The population scale,structural characteristics and the changing trend of the village are the important representation of the vitality and vigor of the village. This paper takes 289 traditional villages in Shanxi Province as an example,and analyzes the problem based on the fifth and sixth population census at village level. The research indicates that:firstly,the traditional villages is mostly middle and small village in scale,and the scale differentiation is constantly increasing. The population growth rate has spatial correlation,and the southern part of Jinzhong basin is the concentrated distribution area of population growth. Secondly,70% of the villages belong to the elderly population structure,and the aging of population is faster;the composition of the population culture is relatively good,and the illiteracy rate is decreased obviously;the activity of migrant population is gradually enhanced,and the moderate and highly active areas are mainly distributed in the village of more than 1000 people. Meanwhile,it is shows a lower positive correlation between the population scale in traditional villages and the proportion of migrant population,and a lower negative correlation among the coefficient of elderly population and the proportion of illiterate population. Population scale and location are both the important factors of the "living protection" and the selection of protection mode to be considered. Lastly,in general,the traditional villages in Shanxi province still has a strong population gathering vitality.
引文
[1]冯骥才.传统村落的困境与出路——兼谈传统村落是另一类文化遗产[J].传统村落,2013(1):7-12.
[2]王云才,郭焕成,杨丽.北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):735-742.
[3]杨卉.基于地方依赖理论的古村落旅游价值研究——以安徽宏村为例[D].长春:东北师范大学,2013.
[4]刘冰清,刘景慧.荆坪古村旅游发展条件及对策分析[J]安徽农业科学,2009,37(26):12809-12811.
[5]刘春腊,刘沛林.北京山区沟域经济建设背景下的古村落保护与开发研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1923-1929.
[6]纪小美,付业勤,朱翠兰.中国传统村落的地域分异与影响因素研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(5):452-460.
[7]李亚娟,陈田,王婧等.中国历史文化名村的时空分布特征及成因[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1477-1485.
[8]李伯华,伊莎,刘沛林.湖南省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):189-194.
[9]佟玉权.贵州民族传统村落的空间分异因素[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):133-137.
[10]王兴华,秦晓娟,王广斌等.山西传统村落县域空间聚集研究[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(11):1129-1134.
[11]田毅,杭帆.山西省传统村镇的空间分布特征及保护思路[J].唐都学刊,2015,31(6):116-122.
[12]新华网.保护不是冻结,发展不止于经济——住建部回应传统村落保护焦点问题[EB/OL].[2014-10-30]http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-10/30/c_1113049651.htm.
[13]新华网.冯骥才:传统村落保护最终问题是要“留得住人”[EB/OL].[2015-06-24]http://news.xinhuanet.com/book/2015-06/24/c_127944057.htm.
[14]郭文炯,吕敏娟.山西省传统村落区位特征研究[J].中国名城,2016,(11):51-59.
[15]王录仓,武荣伟,刘海猛.县域尺度下中国人口老龄化的空间格局与区域差异[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(8):921-931.
[16]刘盛和,邓羽,胡章.中国流动人口地域类型的划分方法及空间分布特征[J].地理学报,2010,65(10):1187-1197.
[17]程晓丽,王逢春.安徽省旅游产业发展与经济增长相关性分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(3):182-186.
[2]王云才,郭焕成,杨丽.北京市郊区传统村落价值评价及可持续利用模式探讨——以北京市门头沟区传统村落的调查研究为例[J].地理科学,2006,26(6):735-742.
[3]杨卉.基于地方依赖理论的古村落旅游价值研究——以安徽宏村为例[D].长春:东北师范大学,2013.
[4]刘冰清,刘景慧.荆坪古村旅游发展条件及对策分析[J]安徽农业科学,2009,37(26):12809-12811.
[5]刘春腊,刘沛林.北京山区沟域经济建设背景下的古村落保护与开发研究[J].经济地理,2011,31(11):1923-1929.
[6]纪小美,付业勤,朱翠兰.中国传统村落的地域分异与影响因素研究[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(社会科学版),2015,17(5):452-460.
[7]李亚娟,陈田,王婧等.中国历史文化名村的时空分布特征及成因[J].地理研究,2013,32(8):1477-1485.
[8]李伯华,伊莎,刘沛林.湖南省传统村落空间分布特征及影响因素分析[J].经济地理,2015,35(2):189-194.
[9]佟玉权.贵州民族传统村落的空间分异因素[J].经济地理,2015,35(3):133-137.
[10]王兴华,秦晓娟,王广斌等.山西传统村落县域空间聚集研究[J].山西农业大学学报(社会科学版),2015,14(11):1129-1134.
[11]田毅,杭帆.山西省传统村镇的空间分布特征及保护思路[J].唐都学刊,2015,31(6):116-122.
[12]新华网.保护不是冻结,发展不止于经济——住建部回应传统村落保护焦点问题[EB/OL].[2014-10-30]http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-10/30/c_1113049651.htm.
[13]新华网.冯骥才:传统村落保护最终问题是要“留得住人”[EB/OL].[2015-06-24]http://news.xinhuanet.com/book/2015-06/24/c_127944057.htm.
[14]郭文炯,吕敏娟.山西省传统村落区位特征研究[J].中国名城,2016,(11):51-59.
[15]王录仓,武荣伟,刘海猛.县域尺度下中国人口老龄化的空间格局与区域差异[J].地理科学进展,2016,35(8):921-931.
[16]刘盛和,邓羽,胡章.中国流动人口地域类型的划分方法及空间分布特征[J].地理学报,2010,65(10):1187-1197.
[17]程晓丽,王逢春.安徽省旅游产业发展与经济增长相关性分析[J].经济地理,2014,34(3):182-186.