伪科技创业现象的哲学反思
|
摘要
在科技创业的浪潮中,出现了大量的伪科技创业现象,这不仅带来了社会资源的巨大浪费,也搅乱了科技发展的正常轨道。伴随着科学-技术-社会的一体化,一方面,自然有效性的丧失,为伪科技创业伪装成认知上有根据提供了认识论根源,另一方面,科学场自律性的缺失,为伪科技创业者骗取科学共同体的承认提供了"建制"基础。基于此,在科技创业实践过程中贯彻以实验运作机制为基础的认知根据,并依靠融入当下创业型科学情境的科学规范,可以在根源处规避伪科技创业现象的发生。
In the trend of Entrepreneurial Science,there has been a lot of phenomenon of Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science,which not only leads to the waste of social resources,but also disturbs the normal track of the development of science and technology. With the integration of science,technology and society,on the one hand,it is the loss of natural validity that provides the source of epistemology for Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science to create the impression that it is epistemically warranted. On the other hand,it is the lack of autonomy of scientific field that provides"institutional"basis for Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Scientists to defraud the recognition of scientific community. In this,during the practice of Entrepreneurial Science,by carrying through the epistemic warrant based on the experimental working mechanism,and by relying on the scientific norms integrated into the current situation of Entrepreneurial Science,we can avoid the occurrence of Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science at the root.
In the trend of Entrepreneurial Science,there has been a lot of phenomenon of Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science,which not only leads to the waste of social resources,but also disturbs the normal track of the development of science and technology. With the integration of science,technology and society,on the one hand,it is the loss of natural validity that provides the source of epistemology for Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science to create the impression that it is epistemically warranted. On the other hand,it is the lack of autonomy of scientific field that provides"institutional"basis for Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Scientists to defraud the recognition of scientific community. In this,during the practice of Entrepreneurial Science,by carrying through the epistemic warrant based on the experimental working mechanism,and by relying on the scientific norms integrated into the current situation of Entrepreneurial Science,we can avoid the occurrence of Pseudo-Entrepreneurial Science at the root.
引文
[1]Varma,Roli.Changing Research Cultures in U.S.Industry[J].Science,Technology&Human Values,2000,25(4):395-416.
[2]Boudry,Maarten.Loki’s Wager and Laudan’s Error[C]//Pigliucci,M.Boudry,M.(eds.).Philosophy of Pseudoscience:Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem.London:The University of Chicago Press,2013:79-98.
[3]Reichenbach,H.Experience and Prediction[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1938.
[4]布鲁尔.知识和社会意象[M].艾彦,译.北京:东方出版社,2001.
[5]皮克林.实践的冲撞[M].邢冬梅,译.南京:南京大学出版社,2004.
[6]拉图尔.科学在行动——怎样在社会中跟随科学家和工程师[M].刘文旋,郑开,译.北京:东方出版社,2006.
[7]拉图尔.我们从未现代过:对称性人类学论集[M].刘鹏,安涅斯,译.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2010.
[8]Diamandis,Eleftherios P.Theranos Phenomenon:Promises and Fallacies[J].Clinical Chemistry&Laboratory Medicine,2015,53(7):989-993.
[9]Laudan,L.The Demise of the Demarcation Problem[C]//Cohen,R.S.Laudan L.(eds.).Physics,Philosophy and Psychoanalysis.Dordrecht:D.Reidel Publishing Company,1983:111-127.
[10]哈金.表征与干预:自然科学哲学主题导论[M].王巍,孟强,译.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[11]哈金.实验室科学的自我辩护[C]//皮克林.作为实践和文化的科学.柯文,伊梅,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006:31-61.
[12]哈金.介入实验室研究的自由的非实在论者(下)[J].黄秋霞,译.淮阴师范学报,2014(2):164-169.
[13]布尔迪厄.科学之科学与反观性[M].陈圣生,涂释文,梁亚红等,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2006.
[14]Koertge,Noretta.Belief Buddies versus Critical Communities[C]//Pigliucci,M.Boudry,M.(eds.).Philosophy of Pseudoscience:Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem.London:The University of Chicago Press,2013:165-180.
[15]吉本斯,等.知识生产的新模式:当代社会科学与研究的动力学[M].陈洪捷,沈文钦,等译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[16]齐曼.真科学[M].曾国屏,匡辉,张成岗,等译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002.
[17]布尔迪厄.科学的社会用途:写给科学场的临床社会学[M].刘成富,等译.南京:南京大学出版社,2005.
[18]Bourdieu,P.Wacquant,Loic.An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology[M].London:The University of Chicago Press,1992.
[19]布尔迪厄,华康德.实践与反思——反思社会学导论[M].李猛,李康,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[20]Latour,B.Pandora's Hope:Essays on the Reality of Science Studies[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1999.
[21]基切尔.科学、真理与民主[M].胡志强,高懿,译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2015.
[22]默顿.科学的规范结构[J].林聚任,译.哲学译丛,2000(3):56-60.
[2]Boudry,Maarten.Loki’s Wager and Laudan’s Error[C]//Pigliucci,M.Boudry,M.(eds.).Philosophy of Pseudoscience:Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem.London:The University of Chicago Press,2013:79-98.
[3]Reichenbach,H.Experience and Prediction[M].Chicago:The University of Chicago Press,1938.
[4]布鲁尔.知识和社会意象[M].艾彦,译.北京:东方出版社,2001.
[5]皮克林.实践的冲撞[M].邢冬梅,译.南京:南京大学出版社,2004.
[6]拉图尔.科学在行动——怎样在社会中跟随科学家和工程师[M].刘文旋,郑开,译.北京:东方出版社,2006.
[7]拉图尔.我们从未现代过:对称性人类学论集[M].刘鹏,安涅斯,译.苏州:苏州大学出版社,2010.
[8]Diamandis,Eleftherios P.Theranos Phenomenon:Promises and Fallacies[J].Clinical Chemistry&Laboratory Medicine,2015,53(7):989-993.
[9]Laudan,L.The Demise of the Demarcation Problem[C]//Cohen,R.S.Laudan L.(eds.).Physics,Philosophy and Psychoanalysis.Dordrecht:D.Reidel Publishing Company,1983:111-127.
[10]哈金.表征与干预:自然科学哲学主题导论[M].王巍,孟强,译.北京:科学出版社,2010.
[11]哈金.实验室科学的自我辩护[C]//皮克林.作为实践和文化的科学.柯文,伊梅,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2006:31-61.
[12]哈金.介入实验室研究的自由的非实在论者(下)[J].黄秋霞,译.淮阴师范学报,2014(2):164-169.
[13]布尔迪厄.科学之科学与反观性[M].陈圣生,涂释文,梁亚红等,译.桂林:广西师范大学出版社,2006.
[14]Koertge,Noretta.Belief Buddies versus Critical Communities[C]//Pigliucci,M.Boudry,M.(eds.).Philosophy of Pseudoscience:Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem.London:The University of Chicago Press,2013:165-180.
[15]吉本斯,等.知识生产的新模式:当代社会科学与研究的动力学[M].陈洪捷,沈文钦,等译.北京:北京大学出版社,2011.
[16]齐曼.真科学[M].曾国屏,匡辉,张成岗,等译.上海:上海科技教育出版社,2002.
[17]布尔迪厄.科学的社会用途:写给科学场的临床社会学[M].刘成富,等译.南京:南京大学出版社,2005.
[18]Bourdieu,P.Wacquant,Loic.An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology[M].London:The University of Chicago Press,1992.
[19]布尔迪厄,华康德.实践与反思——反思社会学导论[M].李猛,李康,译.北京:中央编译出版社,1998.
[20]Latour,B.Pandora's Hope:Essays on the Reality of Science Studies[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1999.
[21]基切尔.科学、真理与民主[M].胡志强,高懿,译.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2015.
[22]默顿.科学的规范结构[J].林聚任,译.哲学译丛,2000(3):56-60.