大数据、数据化与科学划界
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摘要
科学划界是科学哲学的核心问题之一,大数据的兴起不但带来了科学边界的巨大变动,而且带来了科学划界标准的变化,数据化成为划分科学与非科学的新标准。凡是能够被数据化的学科,将有资格进入科学共同体,而不能够被数据化的学科将暂时被拒在科学门外。不过,随着大数据的兴起,原来难于数据化的人文、社会科学诸多领域将迎来数据化浪潮,逐渐进入科学共同体,由此,非科学可能逐渐向科学迈进,最后几乎所有研究都变成了科学研究,科学划界将变成一个伪问题。
The demarcation of science is one of the core issues in the philosophy of science. The rise of big data brings about not only great changes in expanding the boundaries of science, but also in the demarcation of science. Susceptibility to datafication becomes the new standard for the division of science and non-science. Those disciplines that can become the objects of datafication are eligible to enter the scientific community, and those which cannot will be temporarily rejected at the door of science. But with the rise of big data, the disciplines in humanities and social sciences, which were previous less susceptible to datafication, will be turned into data, and, as a result, will gradually enter the scientific community as scientific disciplines, and their status will change from non-science towards science. Eventually, almost all researches will be made scientific ones, thus making the demarcation of science a pseudo problem.
The demarcation of science is one of the core issues in the philosophy of science. The rise of big data brings about not only great changes in expanding the boundaries of science, but also in the demarcation of science. Susceptibility to datafication becomes the new standard for the division of science and non-science. Those disciplines that can become the objects of datafication are eligible to enter the scientific community, and those which cannot will be temporarily rejected at the door of science. But with the rise of big data, the disciplines in humanities and social sciences, which were previous less susceptible to datafication, will be turned into data, and, as a result, will gradually enter the scientific community as scientific disciplines, and their status will change from non-science towards science. Eventually, almost all researches will be made scientific ones, thus making the demarcation of science a pseudo problem.
引文
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[7]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].邓晓芒译,北京:人民出版社,2005,71-72.
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[9]李醒民.划界问题或科学划界[J].社会科学,2010,(3):103-113.
[10]阿莱克斯·彭特兰.智慧社会[M].汪小帆、汪容译,杭州:浙江人民出版社,2015,127.
[2]Rogers,R.Digital Methods[M].Massachusetts:MIT Press,2013,19.
[3]Lohr,S.'The Age of Big Data'[N].New York Times,2012-2-11.
[4]Gleick,J.The Information:A History,A Theory,A Flood[M].New York:Pantheon Books,2011,7.
[5]Schonberger,V.M.,Cukier,K.Big Data:A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live,Work and Think[M].London:John Murray,2013,78.
[6]黄欣荣.数据密集型科学发现及其哲学问题[J].自然辩证法研究,2015,31(11):48-53.
[7]康德.纯粹理性批判[M].邓晓芒译,北京:人民出版社,2005,71-72.
[8]黄欣荣.从确定到模糊——科学划界的历史嬗变[J].科学·经济·社会,2003,21(4):58-62.
[9]李醒民.划界问题或科学划界[J].社会科学,2010,(3):103-113.
[10]阿莱克斯·彭特兰.智慧社会[M].汪小帆、汪容译,杭州:浙江人民出版社,2015,127.