长期稻油轮作改良土壤结构提高水稻产量
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摘要
为研究长期稻稻、稻稻油不同轮作条件下土壤结构、土壤养分与水稻产量的关系。本文对经30年稻稻油(DDY)与稻稻(DDF)轮作的土壤养分、土壤质地和水稻产量进行研究。结果表明:长期稻稻油轮作土壤pH值、有机质、全氮含量均低于稻稻轮作,土壤全钾含量高于稻稻轮作;长期稻稻油轮作土壤伊利石含量低于稻稻轮作,而高岭石含量高于稻稻轮作,表明长期稻稻油轮作能提高土壤风化程度,促进土壤养分元素的释放;Clay:SOC值能较好表征土壤结构状况,且与SOC呈较好线性关系,长期稻稻油轮作土壤Clay:SOC值均低于稻稻轮作;长期稻稻轮作水稻年均产量为14346 kg hm~(-2),长期稻稻油轮作水稻年均产量为15254 kg hm~(-2),年均增产6.3%。因此,长期稻稻油轮作能显著改良耕层土壤结构,促进土壤养分元素的释放及水稻的氮肥利用率,从而显著提高水稻籽粒产量。
The contents of soil nutrients, soil structure and rice yield were analyzed after 30 years rice-rice-rape and rice-rice-fallow rotations in order to investigate their relationships with long-term rotation. The results showed that the pH value and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation were lower than that under long-term rice-rice-fallow rotation; Soil had lower illite content and higher kaolinite content under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation than under long-term rice-rice-fallow rotation. So long-term rice-rice-rape rotation could increase the degree of soil weathering and promote the release of soil nutrient. The ratio of clay to soil organic carbon(SOC) could characterize the soil structure very well and had a good linear relationship with SOC. The ratio of clay to SOC under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation was lower than that under rice-rice-fallow crop rotation.Therefore, the long-term rice-rice-rape rotation can significantly improve soil structure at plow layer, increase the release and accumulation of soil nutrients, and then improve rice yield.
The contents of soil nutrients, soil structure and rice yield were analyzed after 30 years rice-rice-rape and rice-rice-fallow rotations in order to investigate their relationships with long-term rotation. The results showed that the pH value and the contents of soil organic matter and total nitrogen under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation were lower than that under long-term rice-rice-fallow rotation; Soil had lower illite content and higher kaolinite content under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation than under long-term rice-rice-fallow rotation. So long-term rice-rice-rape rotation could increase the degree of soil weathering and promote the release of soil nutrient. The ratio of clay to soil organic carbon(SOC) could characterize the soil structure very well and had a good linear relationship with SOC. The ratio of clay to SOC under long-term rice-rice-rape rotation was lower than that under rice-rice-fallow crop rotation.Therefore, the long-term rice-rice-rape rotation can significantly improve soil structure at plow layer, increase the release and accumulation of soil nutrients, and then improve rice yield.
引文
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[23]刘安辉,赵鲁,李旭军,等.氮肥对土壤镉污染土壤上小油菜生长及镉吸收特征的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,2(16):77-81
[24]TURNER B L,HMYGARTH P M.Changes in bicarbonateextractable inorganic and organic phosphorus by drying pasture soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67:344-350.
[25]谭秋锦,何铣扬,覃振师,等.土地利用方式对南方红壤养分状况的影响[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(11):2108-2112.
[26]巫芯宇,廖和平,杨伟.耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳与易氧化有机碳的影响[J].农机化研究,2013,1:184-188.
[2]PANESAR B S,FLUCK R C.Energy productivity of a production system:Analysis and measurement[J].Agric Sys,1993,43(4):415-437.
[3]王家顺,李志友,陆引罡.不同轮作方式土壤的有效养分动态.贵州农业科[J],2015,43(9):91-93.
[4]XUAN DT,ROSLING A,ALSTR?M S,et al.Different crop rotation systems as drivers of change in soil bacterial community structure and yield of rice,Oryza sativa[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(2):217-225.
[5]GOURANGA K,RAVENDER S,VERMA H N.Alternative cropping strategies for assured and efficient crop production in upland rainfed rice areas of eastern India based on rainfall analysis[J].Agricultural Water Management,2004,67(1):47-62.
[6]姚卫华.大豆重迎茬减产控制及主要病虫害防治技术研究[J].黑河科技,2001,(3):10-15.
[7]王玉琴.关于轮作的探讨[J].现代农业科技,2010,(2):108-10.
[8]李小坤,鲁剑巍,吴礼树,等.油菜-水稻轮作下根区与非根区红壤性水稻土钾素变化研究[J].土壤学报,2010,47(3):508-514.
[9]高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,等.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J].作物学报,2013,39(2):343-349.
[10]KAY B D.Soil structure and organic carbon:a review.In:R.Lal,J.M.K.(Ed.),Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle,Advances in Soil Science[J].CRC Press,Boca Raton,FL,1998:169-197.
[11]ABIVEN S,MENASSERI S,CHENU C.The effects of organic inputs over time on soil aggregate stability-a literature analysis[J].Soil Biol.Biochem,2009,41:1-12.
[12]SIX J,BOSSUYT H,DEGRYZE S,et al.A history of research on the link between(micro)aggregates,soil biota,and soil organic matter dynamics[J].Soil Tillage Res,2004,79,7-31.
[13]STOCK O,DOWNES N K.Effects of additions of organic matter on the penetration resistance of glacial till for the entire water tension range[J].Soil Tillage Res,2008,99:191-201.
[14]FELLER C,BEARE M H.Physical control of soil organic matter dynamics in the tropics[J].Geoderma,1997,79:69-116.
[15]DEXTER A R,RICHARD G,ARROUAYS D,et al.Complexed organic matter controls soil physical properties[J].Geoderma,2008,144:620-627.
[16]ALICE J,ADRIEN M,RAINER S,et al.Optimal organic carbon values for soil structure quality of arable soils.Does clay content matter?[J].Geoderma,2017,302:14-21.
[17]LOVELAND P,WEB J.Is there a critical level of organic matter in the agricultural soils of temperate regions:a review[J].Soil Tillage Res,2003,70:1-18.
[18]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社2000.
[19]李学垣.土壤化学及实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997.
[20]巨晓棠.氮肥有效率的概念及意义-兼论对传统氮肥利用率的理解误区[J].土壤学报,2014,51(5):921-933.
[21]鲁如坤,时正元,赖庆旺.红壤养分退化(Ⅱ)-尿素和碳铵在红壤中的转化[J].土壤通报,1995,26(6):241-243.
[22]张桃林.中国红壤退化机制与防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社1999:76-89.
[23]刘安辉,赵鲁,李旭军,等.氮肥对土壤镉污染土壤上小油菜生长及镉吸收特征的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2014,2(16):77-81
[24]TURNER B L,HMYGARTH P M.Changes in bicarbonateextractable inorganic and organic phosphorus by drying pasture soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67:344-350.
[25]谭秋锦,何铣扬,覃振师,等.土地利用方式对南方红壤养分状况的影响[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(11):2108-2112.
[26]巫芯宇,廖和平,杨伟.耕作方式对稻田土壤有机碳与易氧化有机碳的影响[J].农机化研究,2013,1:184-188.