科马克·麦卡锡“边境三部曲”中的“两种文化”
|
摘要
人文文化与科学文化本是人类文明之双翼,但随着人类历史的发展,二者之间渐生龃龉,乃至于阋墙森然。极具人文主义情怀的美国作家科马克·麦卡锡在其"边境三部曲"里深刻揭示了科学发展与工业文明对美国西部发展的巨大影响。小说见证科学发展促进西部从传统到现代的发展及其困惑,书写西部牛仔在科学文化大潮下对人文精神的坚守与彷徨:颂扬对自由的追求、对爱的渴望、对生命的敬畏以及对人性之真善美的向往。小说中两种文化的冲突是明显的,科学文化影响了美国西部的自然环境及动植物,加大了科技理性与人文精神的裂痕,也进一步引发了血腥、暴力与死亡等人性之恶。然而,麦卡锡对两种文化及其冲突的书写旨在寻求弥合二者差异的"第三种文化"。这也表现了他对二者的理性思考及其科学人文主义情怀。
Scientific culture and humanistic culture are the twin wings of human civilization. In the course of human history, the two cultures have gradually split up and now even conflict with each other. Cormac McCarthy, an American writer with humanist disposition, examines the impact of scientific development and industrial civilization on the American West in his Border Trilogy. Tracing how science and technology have transformed the region from tradition to modernity, the three novels foreground the severe con-flicts in the process, especially the cowboys' sentimental adherence to humanistic culture and the wavering of their convictions in the tide of scientific culture. McCarthy praises the humanistic spirit in pursuit of freedom and love, advocates respect and reverence for life, and eulogizes truth, beauty, and goodness in human nature. The two cultures harshly conflict in the trilogy, with scientific culture affecting the natural environment of animals and plants in the America West, increasing the gap between scientific reason and humanistic spirit, and further eliciting evils in human heart such as bloodiness, violence and death. By writing about the two cultures and their conflicts, McCarthy aims to find a "third culture" to bridge the gap, which shows his rational thinking and scientific humanism.
Scientific culture and humanistic culture are the twin wings of human civilization. In the course of human history, the two cultures have gradually split up and now even conflict with each other. Cormac McCarthy, an American writer with humanist disposition, examines the impact of scientific development and industrial civilization on the American West in his Border Trilogy. Tracing how science and technology have transformed the region from tradition to modernity, the three novels foreground the severe con-flicts in the process, especially the cowboys' sentimental adherence to humanistic culture and the wavering of their convictions in the tide of scientific culture. McCarthy praises the humanistic spirit in pursuit of freedom and love, advocates respect and reverence for life, and eulogizes truth, beauty, and goodness in human nature. The two cultures harshly conflict in the trilogy, with scientific culture affecting the natural environment of animals and plants in the America West, increasing the gap between scientific reason and humanistic spirit, and further eliciting evils in human heart such as bloodiness, violence and death. By writing about the two cultures and their conflicts, McCarthy aims to find a "third culture" to bridge the gap, which shows his rational thinking and scientific humanism.
引文
Alarcon,Daniel Cooper.“All the Pretty Mexicos:Cormac Mc Carthy’s Mexican Representations.”Cormac Mc Carthy:New Directions.Ed.James D.Lilley.Albuquerque:U of New Mexico P,2002.141-52.
Arnold,E.T.“‘Go to Sleep’:Dreams and Visions in the Border Trilogy.”A Cormac Mc Carthy Companion:The Border Trilogy.Ed.E.Arnold and D.Luce.Jackson:Mississippi UP,2000.37-72.
Crow,Charles L.A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America.MA:Blackwell,2003.
He,Jiang.Lonely Carnival:Cormac Mc Carthy’s Literary World.Shanghai:Joint Publishing Company,2016.[贺江:《孤独的狂欢-科马克·麦卡锡的文学世界》,上海:上海三联书店,2016年。]
Holloway,David.The Late Modernism of Cormac Mc Carthy.London:Greenwood Press,2002.
McCarthy,Cormac.All the Pretty Horses.Trans.Shang Yuming and Wei Tiehan.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2013.[科马克·麦卡锡:《天下骏马》,尚玉明、魏铁汉译,重庆:重庆出版社,2013年。]
---.Cities of the Plain.Trans.Li Du.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2011.[科马克·麦卡锡:《平原上的城市》,李笃译,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年。]
---.The Crossing.Trans.Shang Yuming.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2011.[科马克·麦卡锡:《穿越》,尚玉明译,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年。]
Meng,Jianwei.“Conflicts of Two Cultures and Their Root Causes.”Shandong Social Sciences 5(2004):5-17.[孟建伟:《两种文化的分离和对立及其根源》,《山东社会科学》2004年第5期,第5-17页。]
Philosophy Department of Peking University.Selected Readings from Western Philosophy.Beijing:Commercial Press,1983.[北京大学哲学系:《西方哲学原著选读》,北京:商务印书馆,1983年。]
Schweitzer,Albert.Reverence for Life.Trans.Chen Zehuan.Shanghai:Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press,1991.[阿尔贝特·史怀泽:《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,1991年。]
Snow,C.P.Pride and Prejudice on Science.Trans.Chen Hengliu,et al.Chengdu:Sichuan Renmin Press,1987.[C.P.斯诺:《对科学的傲慢与偏见》,陈恒六、刘兵译,成都:四川人民出版社,1987年。]
---.Two Cultures.Trans.Ji Shuli.Beijing:Joint Publishing Company,1994.[C.P.斯诺:《两种文化》,纪树立译,北京:三联书店,1994年。]
Wang,Nuo.The Ecological Literature in Europe and America.Beijing:Peking UP,2003.[王诺:《欧美生态文学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003年。]
Watson,Peter.The Modern Mind:An Intellectual History of the 20th Century.Trans.Zhu Jindong,et al.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,2006.[彼得·沃森:《20世纪思想史》,朱进东等译,上海:上海译文出版社,2006年。]
Arnold,E.T.“‘Go to Sleep’:Dreams and Visions in the Border Trilogy.”A Cormac Mc Carthy Companion:The Border Trilogy.Ed.E.Arnold and D.Luce.Jackson:Mississippi UP,2000.37-72.
Crow,Charles L.A Companion to the Regional Literatures of America.MA:Blackwell,2003.
He,Jiang.Lonely Carnival:Cormac Mc Carthy’s Literary World.Shanghai:Joint Publishing Company,2016.[贺江:《孤独的狂欢-科马克·麦卡锡的文学世界》,上海:上海三联书店,2016年。]
Holloway,David.The Late Modernism of Cormac Mc Carthy.London:Greenwood Press,2002.
McCarthy,Cormac.All the Pretty Horses.Trans.Shang Yuming and Wei Tiehan.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2013.[科马克·麦卡锡:《天下骏马》,尚玉明、魏铁汉译,重庆:重庆出版社,2013年。]
---.Cities of the Plain.Trans.Li Du.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2011.[科马克·麦卡锡:《平原上的城市》,李笃译,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年。]
---.The Crossing.Trans.Shang Yuming.Chongqing:Chongqing Publishing House,2011.[科马克·麦卡锡:《穿越》,尚玉明译,重庆:重庆出版社,2011年。]
Meng,Jianwei.“Conflicts of Two Cultures and Their Root Causes.”Shandong Social Sciences 5(2004):5-17.[孟建伟:《两种文化的分离和对立及其根源》,《山东社会科学》2004年第5期,第5-17页。]
Philosophy Department of Peking University.Selected Readings from Western Philosophy.Beijing:Commercial Press,1983.[北京大学哲学系:《西方哲学原著选读》,北京:商务印书馆,1983年。]
Schweitzer,Albert.Reverence for Life.Trans.Chen Zehuan.Shanghai:Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Press,1991.[阿尔贝特·史怀泽:《敬畏生命》,陈泽环译,上海:上海社会科学院出版社,1991年。]
Snow,C.P.Pride and Prejudice on Science.Trans.Chen Hengliu,et al.Chengdu:Sichuan Renmin Press,1987.[C.P.斯诺:《对科学的傲慢与偏见》,陈恒六、刘兵译,成都:四川人民出版社,1987年。]
---.Two Cultures.Trans.Ji Shuli.Beijing:Joint Publishing Company,1994.[C.P.斯诺:《两种文化》,纪树立译,北京:三联书店,1994年。]
Wang,Nuo.The Ecological Literature in Europe and America.Beijing:Peking UP,2003.[王诺:《欧美生态文学》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003年。]
Watson,Peter.The Modern Mind:An Intellectual History of the 20th Century.Trans.Zhu Jindong,et al.Shanghai:Shanghai Translation Publishing House,2006.[彼得·沃森:《20世纪思想史》,朱进东等译,上海:上海译文出版社,2006年。]