能动司法者及其政治功效:印尼现代化民主改革中的宪法法院
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摘要
印尼宪法法院成立的过程可谓紧急仓促,但也从一个侧面反映出当时印尼社会对这一支专业理性力量的迫切需求。在一片荒地中匆匆上任的宪法法院的九位大法官却大多保持着一种开拓精神,奉行能动司法的价值追求,通过运用宪法地位和法律技艺的相互张力,破除了立法者对其职能添加的时间范围,实现了法定职能范围的自我修正。同时,宪法法院还通过法定职能和抽象理解,自觉承担起平衡印尼国内政治生态,维护民主法治自由的政治功效,成为促进印尼现代化民主改革的重要力量。
The establishment of the Indonesian constitution court can be described as an urgent rush,but also reflects the pressing needs of Indonesian society for this professional and rational force. Most of the nine judges of the constitutional court,who hurriedly took a position in a wasteland,maintained a pioneering spirit and pursued the value of active justice. By using the mutual tensions between the constitutional status and the legal skills,the judges succeed in stripping the time rage which added by the lawmakers,and achieved a self-correction to the scope of the statutory. Meanwhile,the constitutional court also consciously assumed the political effect of balancing the domestic political ecology in Indonesia and safeguarding the democracy,rule of lawand freedom through its statutory functions and abstract understanding,became an important force in promoting the modernized democratic reform in Indonesia.
The establishment of the Indonesian constitution court can be described as an urgent rush,but also reflects the pressing needs of Indonesian society for this professional and rational force. Most of the nine judges of the constitutional court,who hurriedly took a position in a wasteland,maintained a pioneering spirit and pursued the value of active justice. By using the mutual tensions between the constitutional status and the legal skills,the judges succeed in stripping the time rage which added by the lawmakers,and achieved a self-correction to the scope of the statutory. Meanwhile,the constitutional court also consciously assumed the political effect of balancing the domestic political ecology in Indonesia and safeguarding the democracy,rule of lawand freedom through its statutory functions and abstract understanding,became an important force in promoting the modernized democratic reform in Indonesia.
引文
[1]王银宏.通过宪法法院的宪法审查——凯尔森的理论和实践[J].政法论坛,2015,(07).
[2]Jimly Asshidiqie.Gagasan Dasar Tentang Konstitusi Dan Mahkamah Konstitusi[EB/OL].(2017-11-30)http://jimly.com/makalah/namafile/11/gagasan_dasar_tentang_konstitusi_dan_mk.doc,.
[3]程雪阳.荷兰为何会拒绝违宪审查——基于历史的考察和反思[J].环球法律评论,2012,(05).
[4]许利平.印度尼西亚的多元民主改革及前景[J].南洋问题研究,2011(01).
[5]Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work[M],Hanns Seidel Foundation,2007.
[6][美]克里斯托弗·沃尔夫.司法能动主义——自由的保障还是安全的威胁?[M].黄金荣,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004.
[7]郑戈.传统中的变革与变革中的传统——德国宪法法院的诞生[J].交大法学,2017,(01).
[8][德]卡尔·施密特.宪法的守护者[M].李君韬,苏慧婕,译.北京:商务印书馆,2008.
[9]池步云.印尼政党体制制度化与民主发展[J].东南亚研究,2017,(01).
[10]李忠夏.法治国的宪法内涵——迈向功能分化社会的宪法观[J].法学研究,2017,(05).
(1)参见Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work,published by Hanns Seidel Foundation 2007,作者在这本书的写作过程中采访了印尼宪法法院的首席大法官Asshiddiqie,大法官Siahaan、Harjono、Natabaya等人,就印尼宪法法院的成立过程进行了详细的描述。其中首席大法官Asshiddiqie甚至认为是瓦希德弹劾案直接促成了宪法法院的尽快成立。
(2)宪法法院成立的具体过程根据Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work一书的详细描述进行总结和缩减。
(3)UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1945,Pasal 24C.(印度尼西亚1945年宪法第24C条)
(4)PUTUSAN Perkara Nomor:004/PUU-I/2003.(印尼宪法法院案例判决编号)
[2]Jimly Asshidiqie.Gagasan Dasar Tentang Konstitusi Dan Mahkamah Konstitusi[EB/OL].(2017-11-30)http://jimly.com/makalah/namafile/11/gagasan_dasar_tentang_konstitusi_dan_mk.doc,.
[3]程雪阳.荷兰为何会拒绝违宪审查——基于历史的考察和反思[J].环球法律评论,2012,(05).
[4]许利平.印度尼西亚的多元民主改革及前景[J].南洋问题研究,2011(01).
[5]Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work[M],Hanns Seidel Foundation,2007.
[6][美]克里斯托弗·沃尔夫.司法能动主义——自由的保障还是安全的威胁?[M].黄金荣,译.北京:中国政法大学出版社,2004.
[7]郑戈.传统中的变革与变革中的传统——德国宪法法院的诞生[J].交大法学,2017,(01).
[8][德]卡尔·施密特.宪法的守护者[M].李君韬,苏慧婕,译.北京:商务印书馆,2008.
[9]池步云.印尼政党体制制度化与民主发展[J].东南亚研究,2017,(01).
[10]李忠夏.法治国的宪法内涵——迈向功能分化社会的宪法观[J].法学研究,2017,(05).
(1)参见Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work,published by Hanns Seidel Foundation 2007,作者在这本书的写作过程中采访了印尼宪法法院的首席大法官Asshiddiqie,大法官Siahaan、Harjono、Natabaya等人,就印尼宪法法院的成立过程进行了详细的描述。其中首席大法官Asshiddiqie甚至认为是瓦希德弹劾案直接促成了宪法法院的尽快成立。
(2)宪法法院成立的具体过程根据Petra Stockmann:The New Indonesian Constitutional Court——A study into its beginnings and first years of work一书的详细描述进行总结和缩减。
(3)UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NEGARA REPUBLIK INDONESIA TAHUN 1945,Pasal 24C.(印度尼西亚1945年宪法第24C条)
(4)PUTUSAN Perkara Nomor:004/PUU-I/2003.(印尼宪法法院案例判决编号)