为什么要制定人格权法?
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摘要
要不要制定人格权法首先决定于是否有社会需求。中国民法自《民法通则》颁布施行以来,人格权作为民法的基本内容已经形成传统,《民法总则》继受了这一传统,人格权的具体内容和行使规则需要在人格权法中加以规定。在西方,人格权是随人权运动逐渐受重视的。我国制定的民法典为21世纪民法典,须对新时期、新时代产生的有关人格权方面的新问题做出回应,以适应人格权制度的发展。人格权与财产权同为民法权利,同受法律保护。为坚持人民的主体性,须切实保障自然人的人格权,人格权法应平衡各方利益,贯彻私权优先和公共利益优先原则。
The decision on whether to formulate the law of personality rights or not, first and foremost, depends on social needs. Since the promulgation and enforcement of the General Principles of the Civil Law, the personality rights, as the basic content of civil law, has been a tradition followed by the General Provisions of the Civil Law. The specific content and exercise rules of personality rights need to be stipulated in the law of personality rights. In the West, the right to personality has been increasingly valued with the progress of human rights movement. The Civil Code formulated by China is the one for the 21 st century and it is necessary to respond to new issues concerning personality rights in the new period and the new era in order to adapt to the development of the personality right system. Personality rights and property rights are civil law rights and both are protected by law. To adhere to the subjectivity of people, it is imperative to effectively protect the personality rights of natural persons. The law of personality rights should balance the interests of all parties and follow the principle of giving priority to both private rights and public interests.
The decision on whether to formulate the law of personality rights or not, first and foremost, depends on social needs. Since the promulgation and enforcement of the General Principles of the Civil Law, the personality rights, as the basic content of civil law, has been a tradition followed by the General Provisions of the Civil Law. The specific content and exercise rules of personality rights need to be stipulated in the law of personality rights. In the West, the right to personality has been increasingly valued with the progress of human rights movement. The Civil Code formulated by China is the one for the 21 st century and it is necessary to respond to new issues concerning personality rights in the new period and the new era in order to adapt to the development of the personality right system. Personality rights and property rights are civil law rights and both are protected by law. To adhere to the subjectivity of people, it is imperative to effectively protect the personality rights of natural persons. The law of personality rights should balance the interests of all parties and follow the principle of giving priority to both private rights and public interests.
引文
[1]最高人民法院《民法通则》培训班.民法通则讲座[M].北京:北京市文化局出版处登记号(内部书刊)京文出版字第86-033号,1986.
[2]佟柔.中国民法学·民法总则[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1990.
[3]夏勇.人权概念起源[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992.
[4]法国民法典[M].罗结珍,译.北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[5]罗伯特·霍恩,等.德国民商法导论[M].楚建,译.北京:中国大百科出版社,1996.
[6]卡尔·拉伦茨.德国民法通论(上册)[M].王晓晔,等,译.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[7]马俊驹.人格和人格权理论讲稿[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[8]郭明瑞.民法总则通义[M].北京:商务印书馆,2018.
[9]齐爱民.社会诚信建设与个人权利维护之衡平——论征信体系建设中的个人信息保护[J].现代法学,2007,(5).
[10]李新天,朱琼娟.论“个人信用权”——兼谈我国个人信用法制的建设[J].中国法学,2003,(5).
(1)参见李建国:《关于〈中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)〉的说明——2017年3月8日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上》,载《中华人民共和国民法总则(含草案说明)》,中国法制出版社2017年版,第45-46页。
(2)该案为夫妻死亡后其生前由夫之精子与妻之卵子结合而成的胚胎归属纠纷,涉及的是人死亡后有生命力的分离物的监管及处置权利的归属。
(1)参见李建国:《关于〈中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)〉的说明——2017年3月8日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上》,载《中华人民共和国民法总则(含草案说明)》,中国法制出版社2017年版,第48页。
[2]佟柔.中国民法学·民法总则[M].北京:中国人民公安大学出版社,1990.
[3]夏勇.人权概念起源[M].北京:中国政法大学出版社,1992.
[4]法国民法典[M].罗结珍,译.北京:中国法制出版社,1999.
[5]罗伯特·霍恩,等.德国民商法导论[M].楚建,译.北京:中国大百科出版社,1996.
[6]卡尔·拉伦茨.德国民法通论(上册)[M].王晓晔,等,译.北京:法律出版社,2003.
[7]马俊驹.人格和人格权理论讲稿[M].北京:法律出版社,2009.
[8]郭明瑞.民法总则通义[M].北京:商务印书馆,2018.
[9]齐爱民.社会诚信建设与个人权利维护之衡平——论征信体系建设中的个人信息保护[J].现代法学,2007,(5).
[10]李新天,朱琼娟.论“个人信用权”——兼谈我国个人信用法制的建设[J].中国法学,2003,(5).
(1)参见李建国:《关于〈中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)〉的说明——2017年3月8日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上》,载《中华人民共和国民法总则(含草案说明)》,中国法制出版社2017年版,第45-46页。
(2)该案为夫妻死亡后其生前由夫之精子与妻之卵子结合而成的胚胎归属纠纷,涉及的是人死亡后有生命力的分离物的监管及处置权利的归属。
(1)参见李建国:《关于〈中华人民共和国民法总则(草案)〉的说明——2017年3月8日在第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上》,载《中华人民共和国民法总则(含草案说明)》,中国法制出版社2017年版,第48页。