海南临高辣椒主产区产量差及其限制因子分析
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摘要
目前有关海南辣椒生产现状的研究极少,探索辣椒主产区产量差,同时分析其限制因子,能够为提高海南辣椒栽培水平提供理论基础。本研究对海南省临高县52个农户螺纹椒产量、施肥和管理情况进行调研,分析辣椒产量与各因子之间的关系。结果表明:高产组平均产量达62.64 t/hm~2,与低产组的产量差为46.5 t/hm~2。辣椒产量与复合肥投入基追比呈显著负相关,与复合肥投入量和农药使用次数呈显著正相关。此外,本试验区磷养分的投入过高,造成土壤磷的过量积累。该调查结果表明,调查区域应推广高氮高钾型复合肥,以减少土壤中磷的过量积累。低产农户提高复合肥用量和追肥比例,并加强病虫害防治,可提高产量。
There are few studies on the current situation of pepper production in Hainan. Exploring yielding gap and the limiting factors could provide a theoretical foundation to improve pepper cultivation in Hainan. Pepper yielding, fertilization and management of 52 farmers were investigated, and then the relationship between pepper yielding and the potential limiting factors were explored. It was found that the average yield of the high yield group was 62.64 t/hm~2, and the yield gap with the low yield group was 46.5 t/hm~2. Pepper yield was negatively correlated with compound fertilizer base/topdress, but positively correlated with compound fertilizer and application number of pesticides. Moreover, high input of phosphorus nutrient resulted in excessive accumulation of soil phosphorus. Present results suggested that, in order to reduce the accumulation of soil phosphorus, compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and high potassium should be broadly promoted in Lingao. In addition, farmers with low yield could raise yield through increasing compound fertilizer and enhancing pest control.
There are few studies on the current situation of pepper production in Hainan. Exploring yielding gap and the limiting factors could provide a theoretical foundation to improve pepper cultivation in Hainan. Pepper yielding, fertilization and management of 52 farmers were investigated, and then the relationship between pepper yielding and the potential limiting factors were explored. It was found that the average yield of the high yield group was 62.64 t/hm~2, and the yield gap with the low yield group was 46.5 t/hm~2. Pepper yield was negatively correlated with compound fertilizer base/topdress, but positively correlated with compound fertilizer and application number of pesticides. Moreover, high input of phosphorus nutrient resulted in excessive accumulation of soil phosphorus. Present results suggested that, in order to reduce the accumulation of soil phosphorus, compound fertilizer with high nitrogen and high potassium should be broadly promoted in Lingao. In addition, farmers with low yield could raise yield through increasing compound fertilizer and enhancing pest control.
引文
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[21]区惠平,周柳强,黄美福,等.不同施磷量下稻田土壤磷素平衡及其潜在环境风险评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):40-47.
[22]丁亨虎,李生勇,刘克芝,等.辣椒氮肥总量控制田间肥料效应试验[J].现代农业科技,2014(3):79-81.
[23]张琳,张应华,苏婉玉,等.生育期不同比例追肥对辣椒生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业,2017,11(28):55-56.
[24]符国瑄,刘恒.海南统计年鉴-2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[2]云天海,肖日新.海南辣椒产业现状、问题及发展对策探讨[J].长江蔬菜,2007(4):59-61.
[3]刘子记,贺滉,杨衍,等.海南省冬季瓜菜播种面积变化趋势分析[J].中国蔬菜,2016(4):6-8.
[4]刘钦普.中国化肥施用强度及环境安全阈值时空变化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(6):214-221.
[5]国家环境保护总局.关于印发《生态县、生态市、生态省建设指标(修订稿)》的通知[EB/OL].(2007-12-26)[2016-03-03].http://www.gdep.gov.cn/zcfg/bmguizhang/201309/t201-30903_154923.html.
[6]环境保护部.关于印发《国家级生态乡镇申报及管理规定(试行)》的通知[EB/OL].(2010-06-23)[2016-06-03].http://www.jhepb.gov.cn/html/news/20150818/15303.shtml.
[7]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.
[8]Douthwaite B,Keatinge J D H,Park J R.Why promising technologies fail:the neglected role of user innovation during adoption[J].Research Policy,2004,30(5):819-836.
[9]刘建刚,王宏,石全红,等.基于田块尺度的小麦产量差及生产限制因素解析[J].中国农业大学学报,2012,17(2):42-47.
[10]De Datta S K.Principlea and practices of rice production[M].New York:Join Wiley&Sons Inc,1981.
[11]Bruinsma J.World agriculture:Towards 2015/2030[M]//An FAO Perspective.Rome:Earthscan,2003.
[12]Licker R,Johnston M,Foley J A,et al.Mind the gap:How do climate and agricultural management explain the“yieldgap”of croplands around the world[J].Global Ecology and Biogeography,2010,19(6):769-782.
[13]Neumann K,Verburg P H,Stehfest E,et al.The yield gap of global grain production:A spatial analysis[J].Agricultural Systems,2010,103(5):316-326.
[14]梁海波,黄洁,郁昌的,等.广东省木薯主产区产量差及限制因素分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2017,39(1):18-27.
[15]于费.辣椒3414施肥模型的初探[D].海口:海南大学,2010.
[16]马文娟,同延安,高义民,等.平衡施肥对线辣椒产量、品质及养分累积的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2010,38(1):161-166.
[17]张杨珠,汤宏,龙怀玉,等.不同施肥结构对茄子和辣椒产量及氮磷钾养分吸收的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2014(15):36-39.
[18]汤宏,张杨珠,侯金权,等.不同施肥条件下夏季辣椒的生长发育与养分吸收规律研究[J].土壤通报,2012,43(4):890-895.
[19]夏兴勇,彭诗云,朱方宇,等.辣椒氮、磷、钾施肥效应模型初探[J].辣椒杂志,2009,7(4):30-34.
[20]丁效东,张士荣,娄金华,等.有机肥与磷肥配施对滨海盐渍化土壤磷素淋洗风险的影响[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1 169-1 173.
[21]区惠平,周柳强,黄美福,等.不同施磷量下稻田土壤磷素平衡及其潜在环境风险评估[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(1):40-47.
[22]丁亨虎,李生勇,刘克芝,等.辣椒氮肥总量控制田间肥料效应试验[J].现代农业科技,2014(3):79-81.
[23]张琳,张应华,苏婉玉,等.生育期不同比例追肥对辣椒生长及产量的影响[J].南方农业,2017,11(28):55-56.
[24]符国瑄,刘恒.海南统计年鉴-2015[M].北京:中国统计出版社,2016.