世界主要国家科技重点领域遴选识别分析
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摘要
[目的/意义]国家科技发展重点领域规划与布局影响国家领先全球科技创新发展,创新的情报研究方法能够为国家科技重点领域布局遴选提供可靠的依据。探索定性和定量相结合的方法,遴选识别世界主要国家科技重点领域,从全球视野和客观数据分析角度,为我国科技发展重点领域的决策提供支撑和参考。[方法/过程]从符合国家战略需求维度,定性调研国家科技规划和科技投入,从良好的理论研究基础维度,定量分析国家研究成果产出,基于3个维度的国家科技发展重点领域综合分析指标及权重,采用极值标化法标化计算和排序。[结果/结论]遴选识别出美国、英国、日本、韩国、欧盟主要国家科技发展Top10的重点领域,识别分析各国科技发展重点领域的共性布局和特色布局,并对我国科技重点领域布局进行对比分析,提出可借鉴的建议。
[Purpose/significance] Exploring innovative qualitative and quantitative methodology can provide reliable basis for selection and identification of key fields of science and technology in countries. Comprehensive view and analysis data can provide some reference to support decision-making of the key fields of science and technology in China.[Method/process] Firstly three select criteria of the key fields of science and technology were determined,which included research achievements,research input and science and technology planning. Then the comprehensive analysis of indicators and their weights were designed. The sum of the ranks for the above mentioned three criteria was calculated by extreme standardization method. [Result/conclusion] The top 10 key fields of science and technology in major countries of the world were selected and compared with each other and China. The conclusion can provide some reference for the key field layout of science and technology in China.
[Purpose/significance] Exploring innovative qualitative and quantitative methodology can provide reliable basis for selection and identification of key fields of science and technology in countries. Comprehensive view and analysis data can provide some reference to support decision-making of the key fields of science and technology in China.[Method/process] Firstly three select criteria of the key fields of science and technology were determined,which included research achievements,research input and science and technology planning. Then the comprehensive analysis of indicators and their weights were designed. The sum of the ranks for the above mentioned three criteria was calculated by extreme standardization method. [Result/conclusion] The top 10 key fields of science and technology in major countries of the world were selected and compared with each other and China. The conclusion can provide some reference for the key field layout of science and technology in China.
引文
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[4]国家创新驱动发展战略纲要[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2016-05/19/content_5074812.htm.
[5]“十三五”国家科技创新规划[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/2016-08/08/content_5098072.htm.
[6]吴彤,李正风,曾国屏.基础研究评价与国家目标[J].科学学研究,2002(4):343-347.
[7]Science&Innovation Investment Framework 2004-2014[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/spending_sr04_science.htm.
[8]National Institute of Science and Technology Policy.Science and technology foresight[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.nistep.go.jp/en/?page_id=56#target01.
[9]白如江,冷伏海,廖君华.科学研究前沿探测重要方法比较与发展趋势研究[J].情报理论与实践,2017,40(5):33-37.
[10]谭宗颖.学科战略情报研究方法与实践[J].图书情报工作,2006,50(5):14-18.
[11]赵凡.国外咨询情报机构战略情报分析方法比较研究[J].情报杂志,2008(3):132-134,141.
[12]美国创新战略规划[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.sipo.gov.cn/gwyzscqzlssgzbjlxkybgs/zlyj_zlbgs/1062613.htm.
[13]日本第4期科学技术基本计划解读(五)[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.istis.sh.cn/list/list.aspx?id=9269.
[14]英国研究理事会(RCUK)[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/.
[15]高芳,赵志耘,赵珂歆,等.韩国ICT研发中长期战略(2013-2017)解读[J].科技管理研究,2015(8):21-25.
[16]张丽娟,刘润生,宋薇.韩国第三期科学技术基本计划[J].科学中国人,2014(2):7-9.
[17]Horizon 2020[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/h2020-sections.
[18]《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》[EB/OL].[2018-02-06].http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2016-03/17/content_5054992.htm
[19]中华人民共和国国务院,国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要(2006-2002年)[A].中华人民共和国国务院公报,2006(9):7-37.
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