NaCl和Na_2SO_4胁迫对裸果木种子萌发的影响
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摘要
为了探明裸果木(Gymnocarpos przewalskii)种子在不同盐胁迫条件下的萌发特性,对种子进行了不同浓度(50、100、150、200、250、300、350mmol/L)NaCl和Na_2SO_4溶液的处理,以蒸馏水为对照,研究模拟盐胁迫对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:1)低浓度的NaCl(50、100mmol/L)和Na_2SO_4(50mmol/L)溶液对种子发芽率和相对盐害率的影响不显著;种子的发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、耐盐指数随着浓度的增大显著降低,相对盐害率明显增大;低浓度(50mmol/L)NaCl处理的胚根和胚轴长度较对照均显著增加,促进了种子胚根和胚轴的生长;Na_2SO_4处理对胚根和胚轴生长的抑制作用随浓度的增加显著加强。2)解除盐胁迫后,种子恢复萌发率随盐胁迫浓度的增加显著升高,盐浓度<300mmol/L时,各处理之间的种子终萌发率与对照无显著差异,表明抑制种子萌发的主要因素是渗透胁迫,高浓度的盐胁迫表现出一定的离子毒害作用。3)裸果木种子的萌发指标对盐胁迫的敏感程度表现为发芽率>发芽势>活力指数>胚根长度>发芽指数>胚轴长度。4)种子萌发对两种盐的耐受性存在差异,Na_2SO_4对种子萌发的抑制程度显著高于NaCl,两种盐胁迫下,种子萌发率的耐盐临界值分别为135. 62mmol/L和198. 57mmol/L。
In order to explore the germination characteristics of G. przewalskii seeds under different salt stress,using different concentrations(50,100,150,200,250,300,350 mmol/L) NaCl and Na_2SO_4 solutions to treat G. przewalskii seeds,and taking the distilled water as control to study the effects of simulated salt stress on seed germination of G. przewalskii. The results showed that:( 1) The effects of low concentrations of NaCl( 50,100 mmol/L) and Na_2SO_4(50 mmol/L) on the seed germination rate and the relative salt damage rate were not significant. The germination potential,germination index,vigor index and salt tolerance index of seed decreased significantly with the increase of concentration,and the relative salt damage rate increased obviously. NaCl treatment(50 mmol/L) significantly increased the radicle and hypocotyl length compared with the control,and promoted the growth of the radicle and hypocotyl of G. przewalskii seeds and the length of radicle and hypocotyl decreased significantly with increasing concentrations under Na_2SO_4 treatment.(2) After relieving salt stress,the seed recovery germination rate increased significantly with the increase of salt stress concentration,there was no significant difference in the final germination rate among treatments when the salt concentration was under300 mmol/L,indicating that the main factor inhibiting seed germination was osmotic stress and high salt stress showed some iron toxic action.(3) The germination index of G. przewalskii seeds varied in their sensitivity to salt stress,which showed as the germination rate > the germination potential > the vigor index > the radicle length > the germination index > the hypocotyl length.(4) The tolerance of seed germination to the two salts was different,and the inhibition of Na_2SO_4 on seed germination was significantly higher than that of NaCl and the critical value of the germination rate was 135. 62 mmol/L and 198. 57 mmol/L.
In order to explore the germination characteristics of G. przewalskii seeds under different salt stress,using different concentrations(50,100,150,200,250,300,350 mmol/L) NaCl and Na_2SO_4 solutions to treat G. przewalskii seeds,and taking the distilled water as control to study the effects of simulated salt stress on seed germination of G. przewalskii. The results showed that:( 1) The effects of low concentrations of NaCl( 50,100 mmol/L) and Na_2SO_4(50 mmol/L) on the seed germination rate and the relative salt damage rate were not significant. The germination potential,germination index,vigor index and salt tolerance index of seed decreased significantly with the increase of concentration,and the relative salt damage rate increased obviously. NaCl treatment(50 mmol/L) significantly increased the radicle and hypocotyl length compared with the control,and promoted the growth of the radicle and hypocotyl of G. przewalskii seeds and the length of radicle and hypocotyl decreased significantly with increasing concentrations under Na_2SO_4 treatment.(2) After relieving salt stress,the seed recovery germination rate increased significantly with the increase of salt stress concentration,there was no significant difference in the final germination rate among treatments when the salt concentration was under300 mmol/L,indicating that the main factor inhibiting seed germination was osmotic stress and high salt stress showed some iron toxic action.(3) The germination index of G. przewalskii seeds varied in their sensitivity to salt stress,which showed as the germination rate > the germination potential > the vigor index > the radicle length > the germination index > the hypocotyl length.(4) The tolerance of seed germination to the two salts was different,and the inhibition of Na_2SO_4 on seed germination was significantly higher than that of NaCl and the critical value of the germination rate was 135. 62 mmol/L and 198. 57 mmol/L.
引文
[1]王立龙,王亮,张丽芳,等.不同生境下濒危植物裸果木种群结构及动态特征[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(10):980-989.
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[4]巴哈尔古丽,汪志军,郭仲军.珍稀濒危植物裸果木地理分布与资源现状[J].中国野生植物资源,2005,24(5):39-40.
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[7]杨建美,陈学林,龚大洁.珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(20):8508-8511.
[8]柴永青,曹致中,蔡卓山,等.肃北地区稀有植物裸果木种群的空间分布格局[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):239-249.
[9]王亮,黄海霞,杨增武,等.安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区裸果木种群结构和空间分布格局研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(5):690-693,698.
[10]李娟.珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性及其形态解剖学研究[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2012.
[11]李新蓉,唐欣,付文洁.荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的花部特征及繁育系统[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2592-2598.
[12]汪之波,高清祥,孙继周.稀有植物裸果木的组织培养及植株再生[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(7):1319-1321.
[13]周禧琳,柴学平,梁继业,等.西北荒漠区孑遗植物裸果木居群的土壤养分特征研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(5):114-121.
[14]王志才,牙库甫江·阿西木,王艳,等.水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):750-755.
[15]陈国雄,李定淑,张志谦,等.盐胁迫对西葫芦和黄瓜种子萌发影响的对比研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):307-310.
[16]刘宝玉,张文辉,刘新成,等.沙枣和柠条种子萌发期耐盐性研究[J].植物研究,2007,27(6):721-728.
[17]李志萍,张文辉,崔豫川. Na Cl和Na2CO3胁迫对栓皮栎种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):742-751.
[18]卢艳敏.不同盐胁迫对高羊茅种子萌发的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(7):1088-1093.
[19]姜云天,张丽娜,顾地周,等.盐胁迫对茶花凤仙种子萌发的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(3):37-41.
[20]连转红,杨海莉,吴芳明,等. Na Cl或PEG胁迫对裸果木种子萌发的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):89-96.
[21]王娟娟,张文辉. Na Cl和Na2CO3胁迫对四翅滨藜种子萌发及保护酶活性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(2):154-160.
[22]吴琼,韩亚楠,高睿,等.乌拉尔甘草种子对3种盐胁迫的萌发响应[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(12):184-188.
[23]李玉梅,姜云天,董雪松.盐胁迫对东北薄荷种子萌发的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(2):22-28,34.
[24]曾幼玲,蔡忠贞,马纪,等.盐分和水分胁迫对两种盐生植物盐爪爪和盐穗木种子萌发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(9):1014-1018.
[25]陈静波,刘建秀.狗牙根抗盐性评价及抗盐机理研究进展[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):302-310.
[26]陆嘉惠,吕新,吴玲,等.三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):195-202.
[27]张利霞,常青山,侯小改,等.不同钠盐胁迫对夏枯草种子萌发特性的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):177-186.
[28]牛宋芳,王利娟,刘秉儒.赤霉素对盐胁迫下红砂种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(6):89-97.
[2]Lu D Q,Wu Z Y,Zhou L H,et al. Flora of China vol. 6[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2001:3.
[3]杨赵平,梁继业,柴学平,等.环境因子对珍稀濒危植物裸果木种子萌发特性的影响[J].西南林业大学学报,2017,37(1):49-53.
[4]巴哈尔古丽,汪志军,郭仲军.珍稀濒危植物裸果木地理分布与资源现状[J].中国野生植物资源,2005,24(5):39-40.
[5]徐振朋.荒漠区裸果木种群分布与性状适应特征研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2017.
[6]甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区管理局.甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区三期综合科考报告[M].兰州:甘肃人民出版社,2014.
[7]杨建美,陈学林,龚大洁.珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性研究[J].安徽农业科学,2013,41(20):8508-8511.
[8]柴永青,曹致中,蔡卓山,等.肃北地区稀有植物裸果木种群的空间分布格局[J].草业学报,2010,19(5):239-249.
[9]王亮,黄海霞,杨增武,等.安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区裸果木种群结构和空间分布格局研究[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2015,51(5):690-693,698.
[10]李娟.珍稀濒危植物裸果木群落物种多样性及其形态解剖学研究[D].临汾:山西师范大学,2012.
[11]李新蓉,唐欣,付文洁.荒漠孑遗植物裸果木的花部特征及繁育系统[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(10):2592-2598.
[12]汪之波,高清祥,孙继周.稀有植物裸果木的组织培养及植株再生[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(7):1319-1321.
[13]周禧琳,柴学平,梁继业,等.西北荒漠区孑遗植物裸果木居群的土壤养分特征研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2017,37(5):114-121.
[14]王志才,牙库甫江·阿西木,王艳,等.水盐胁迫对花花柴种子萌发的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(3):750-755.
[15]陈国雄,李定淑,张志谦,等.盐胁迫对西葫芦和黄瓜种子萌发影响的对比研究[J].中国沙漠,1996,16(3):307-310.
[16]刘宝玉,张文辉,刘新成,等.沙枣和柠条种子萌发期耐盐性研究[J].植物研究,2007,27(6):721-728.
[17]李志萍,张文辉,崔豫川. Na Cl和Na2CO3胁迫对栓皮栎种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):742-751.
[18]卢艳敏.不同盐胁迫对高羊茅种子萌发的影响[J].草业科学,2012,29(7):1088-1093.
[19]姜云天,张丽娜,顾地周,等.盐胁迫对茶花凤仙种子萌发的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(3):37-41.
[20]连转红,杨海莉,吴芳明,等. Na Cl或PEG胁迫对裸果木种子萌发的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2017,15(6):89-96.
[21]王娟娟,张文辉. Na Cl和Na2CO3胁迫对四翅滨藜种子萌发及保护酶活性的影响[J].林业科学,2011,47(2):154-160.
[22]吴琼,韩亚楠,高睿,等.乌拉尔甘草种子对3种盐胁迫的萌发响应[J].西北农业学报,2014,23(12):184-188.
[23]李玉梅,姜云天,董雪松.盐胁迫对东北薄荷种子萌发的影响[J].东北林业大学学报,2018,46(2):22-28,34.
[24]曾幼玲,蔡忠贞,马纪,等.盐分和水分胁迫对两种盐生植物盐爪爪和盐穗木种子萌发的影响[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(9):1014-1018.
[25]陈静波,刘建秀.狗牙根抗盐性评价及抗盐机理研究进展[J].草业学报,2012,21(5):302-310.
[26]陆嘉惠,吕新,吴玲,等.三种药用甘草种子对盐渍环境的萌发响应及其适宜生态种植区[J].草业学报,2013,22(2):195-202.
[27]张利霞,常青山,侯小改,等.不同钠盐胁迫对夏枯草种子萌发特性的影响[J].草业学报,2015,24(3):177-186.
[28]牛宋芳,王利娟,刘秉儒.赤霉素对盐胁迫下红砂种子萌发的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(6):89-97.