不同倍性虹鳟红细胞规格及血液学指标的比较
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摘要
为探究二倍体和三倍体虹鳟(Onchorynchus mykiss)在血液生理学方面是否存在一定差异,本文以虹鳟为实验对象,采用流式细胞仪对虹鳟进行倍性鉴定,对三倍体和二倍体虹鳟的红细胞胞体和红细胞核大小进行测量,测定部分血液学指标,并进行比较分析。研究显示,三倍体虹鳟红细胞及核的长轴、短轴、面积、体积均极显著大于二倍体(P<0.01);三倍体虹鳟血液中的红细胞数目(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)极显著低于二倍体(P<0.01),而白细胞数目(WBC)显著高于二倍体(P<0.05);三倍体虹鳟血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、葡萄糖(GLU)浓度显著低于二倍体(P<0.05),谷氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、总蛋白(TP)含量与二倍体差异不显著(P>0.05);三倍体和二倍体虹鳟血清渗透压无显著性差异(P>0.05);研究结果显示,在不同倍性的虹鳟中,其红细胞大小及部分血液生理生化指标受倍性影响显著。
To explore whether there were some differences in hemophysiology between diploid and triploid rainbow trout,in the present study,triploid rainbow trout(Onchorynchus mykiss)was produced with hydrostatic pressure method and confirmed by flow cytometer.The sizes of both erythrocyte and nuclei were measured and the hematological indexes were analyzed to compare the difference between triploid and diploid rainbow trout.The results showed that the long axis,short axis,area and volume of the erythrocyte and its nucleus in triploid rainbow trout were significantly larger than diploid ones(P<0.01).However,the number of red blood cells(RBC)and the hematocrit(HCT)in the blood of triploid rainbow trout were significantly lower than those of diploid ones(P<0.01).However,the number of white cells(WBC)was significantly higher than that of diploid ones(P<0.05).On the other hand,the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and glucose(GLU)in the serum of triploid rainbow trout were significantly lower than that of diploid rainbow trout(P<0.05),and no difference was found in serum glutamate aminotransferase(ALT),albumin(ALB),total cholesterol(TC),glycerate(TG),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and total protein(TP)concentration between two groups.Meanwhile,no difference of osmotic pressure was found between the triploid and diploid rainbow trout.Our results demonstrated that the erythrocyte size,blood physiological and biochemical indexes were significantly affected by the ploidy of the fish.
To explore whether there were some differences in hemophysiology between diploid and triploid rainbow trout,in the present study,triploid rainbow trout(Onchorynchus mykiss)was produced with hydrostatic pressure method and confirmed by flow cytometer.The sizes of both erythrocyte and nuclei were measured and the hematological indexes were analyzed to compare the difference between triploid and diploid rainbow trout.The results showed that the long axis,short axis,area and volume of the erythrocyte and its nucleus in triploid rainbow trout were significantly larger than diploid ones(P<0.01).However,the number of red blood cells(RBC)and the hematocrit(HCT)in the blood of triploid rainbow trout were significantly lower than those of diploid ones(P<0.01).However,the number of white cells(WBC)was significantly higher than that of diploid ones(P<0.05).On the other hand,the serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and glucose(GLU)in the serum of triploid rainbow trout were significantly lower than that of diploid rainbow trout(P<0.05),and no difference was found in serum glutamate aminotransferase(ALT),albumin(ALB),total cholesterol(TC),glycerate(TG),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and total protein(TP)concentration between two groups.Meanwhile,no difference of osmotic pressure was found between the triploid and diploid rainbow trout.Our results demonstrated that the erythrocyte size,blood physiological and biochemical indexes were significantly affected by the ploidy of the fish.
引文
[1]王炳谦.中国鲑鳟鱼养殖[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2015:1-15.Wang B Q.Chinese Salmonidae Culture[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2015:1-15.
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[3]陈侠君,王炳谦,刘奕,等.二倍体和三倍体虹鳟外周血细胞的比较研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(1):86-92.Chen X J,Wang B Q,Liu Y,et al.Comparative study on peripheral blood cells of diploid and triploid rainbow trout[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2010,41(1):86-92.
[4]贾钟贺,徐革锋,谷伟,等.二倍体与三倍体山女鳟的血液学比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):807-814.Jia Z H,Xu G F,Gu W,et al.Comparative analysis of hematology between diploid and triploid of masou salmon(Oncorhynchus masou)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):807-814.
[5]张新辉,罗伟,高泽霞,等.团头鲂三倍体的诱导及其鉴定[J].水产科学,2013,32(9):503-508.Zhang X H,Luo W,Gao Z X,et al.Induction and identification of triploid in bluntnose black bream megalobarma amblycephala[J].Fisheries Science,2013,32(9):503-508.
[6] Lahnsteiner F,Kletzl M.Pressure shock triploidization of Salmo trutta f.lacustris and Salvelinus umblaeggs and its impact on fish development[J].Theriogenology,2018,115:65.
[7]刘金兰,董少杰,孙学亮,等.二、三倍体黄颡鱼红细胞及部分血液学指标比较研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):97-100.Liu J L,Dong S J,Sun X L,et al.Comparative study on erythrocyte and hematological indices of diploid and triploid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[J].Freshwater Fishing,2014,44(2):97-100.
[8]邹拓谜,肖俊,刘少军,等.洞庭湖水域不同倍性野生鲫的血液相关特点[J].水产学报,2011,35(10):1488-1493.Zou T M,Xiao J,Liu S J,et al.The comparative study of blood characteristics of different ploidy crucian carp(Carassius auratus)in Dongting water system[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(10):1488-1493.
[9]张亚晨,温海深,李兰敏,等.急性温度胁迫对妊娠期许氏平鲉血清皮质醇和血液生理指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(12):1872-1882.Zhang Y C,Wen H S,Li L M,et al.Effect of acute temperature stress on serum cortisol and hematological physiology of gestated Sebastes schlegelii[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(12):1872-1882.
[10]陈洁,熊邦喜,顾钱洪,等.内源及外源因子对鱼类血液生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(9):1861-1865.Chen J,Xiong B X,Gu Q H,et al.The effect of endogenous and environment factors on hematology physiological and biochemical indices of fish[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(9):1861-1865.
[11]楼允东.鱼类育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:129-136.Lou Y D.Fish Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2009:129-136.
[12]张树花,刘逸尘,胡锦丽,等.图像辅助流式细胞仪在鲫鱼血细胞分析中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(12):7-10.Zhang S H,Liu Y C,Hu J L,et al.Application of image-based flow cytometry on blood cell analysis of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(12):7-10.
[13]李永仁,王金宇,陶秉春.流式细胞术检测乌克兰鳞鲤倍性[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9277-9280.Li Y R,Wang J Y,Tao B C.Ploid determination on ukraine carp(Cyprinus carpoio)by flow cytometry[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(15):9277-9280.
[14]翟中和,王喜忠,丁明孝.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:247.Zhai Z H,Wang X Z,Ding M X.Cell Biology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:247.
[15]魏华,吴垠.鱼类生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:99-112.Wei H,Wu Y.Fish Physiology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2011:99-112.
[16]韩英,王琨,张澜澜,等.二倍体与三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)红细胞及部分血液指标的比较[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(6):52-55.Han Y,Wang K,Zhang L L,et al.Comparison on erythrocyte and some hematology indices of diploid and triploid rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Freshwater Fishing,2007,37(6):52-55.
[17] Danilo W F,Gunther J E,Gilson K.Comparative hematology in marine fish[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1992:102A:311-321.
[18] Holland R A B,Forster R E.The effect of size of red cells on kinetics of their oxygen uptake[J].J Gen Physiol,1966,49:727-742.
[19]常志成,温海深,张美昭,等.溶解氧水平对花鲈幼鱼氧化应激与能量利用的影响及生理机制[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(7):20-28.Chang Z C,Wen H S,Zhang M Z,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen levels on oxidative stress response and energy utilization of juvenile chinese sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)and associate physiological mechanisms[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(7):20-28.
[20]贾少杰,陈文强,王杨科,等.中草药添加饲料浓度对鲫鱼血细胞及免疫机能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(1):211-214.Jia S J,Chen W Q,Wang Y K,et al.Effect of feed concentration of Chinese herbal medicine on blood cells and immune function of Carassius auratus[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018(1):211-214.
[21]温海深,吕里康,李兰敏,等.急性高温胁迫对雄性许氏平鲉血液生理生化及相关基因表达的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):44-51.Wen H S,Lv L K,Li L M,et al.Effect of temperature on physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of male Sebastes schlegelii[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(11):44-51.
[22]张思敏,李吉方,温海深,等.急性温度胁迫对许氏平鲉肝脏代谢机能和血液指标的影响及生理机制[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(5):32-38.Zhang S M,Li J F,Wen H S,et al.Effect of acute temperature stress on liver metabolism of black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and associating physiological mechanism[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(5):32-38.
[23]薛飞,刘涛,周维仁,等.绿原酸对异育银鲫血液非特异性免疫因子的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007,22(2):148-151.Xue F,Liu T,Zhou W R,et al.Effects of chlorogenic acid on on-specific immune factors in blood of Carassius auratus[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2007,22(2):148-151.
[24]黄琪琐,刘丽燕,范丽萍.异育银鲫溶血性腹水病的病理生理研究[J].水产学报,1992,16(4):316-321.Huang Q S,Liu L Y,Fan L P.Pathophysiological studies on the hemolytic ascitesosis of crucian carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1992,16(4):316-321.
[25] Handeland S O,Bjornsson B T,Arnesen A M,et al.Seawater adaptation and growth of post-smolt Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)of wild and farmed strains[J].Aquaculture,2003,220:367-384.
[2]户国,王炳谦.国际虹鳟育种产业简介及其对我国的借鉴意义[J].水产学杂志,2017,30(3):1-6.Hu G,Wang B Q.International rainbow trout breeding industry and its reference to China[J].Chinese Journal of Fisheries,2017,30(3):1-6.
[3]陈侠君,王炳谦,刘奕,等.二倍体和三倍体虹鳟外周血细胞的比较研究[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,41(1):86-92.Chen X J,Wang B Q,Liu Y,et al.Comparative study on peripheral blood cells of diploid and triploid rainbow trout[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2010,41(1):86-92.
[4]贾钟贺,徐革锋,谷伟,等.二倍体与三倍体山女鳟的血液学比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2010,17(4):807-814.Jia Z H,Xu G F,Gu W,et al.Comparative analysis of hematology between diploid and triploid of masou salmon(Oncorhynchus masou)[J].Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2010,17(4):807-814.
[5]张新辉,罗伟,高泽霞,等.团头鲂三倍体的诱导及其鉴定[J].水产科学,2013,32(9):503-508.Zhang X H,Luo W,Gao Z X,et al.Induction and identification of triploid in bluntnose black bream megalobarma amblycephala[J].Fisheries Science,2013,32(9):503-508.
[6] Lahnsteiner F,Kletzl M.Pressure shock triploidization of Salmo trutta f.lacustris and Salvelinus umblaeggs and its impact on fish development[J].Theriogenology,2018,115:65.
[7]刘金兰,董少杰,孙学亮,等.二、三倍体黄颡鱼红细胞及部分血液学指标比较研究[J].淡水渔业,2014,44(2):97-100.Liu J L,Dong S J,Sun X L,et al.Comparative study on erythrocyte and hematological indices of diploid and triploid Pelteobagrus fulvidraco[J].Freshwater Fishing,2014,44(2):97-100.
[8]邹拓谜,肖俊,刘少军,等.洞庭湖水域不同倍性野生鲫的血液相关特点[J].水产学报,2011,35(10):1488-1493.Zou T M,Xiao J,Liu S J,et al.The comparative study of blood characteristics of different ploidy crucian carp(Carassius auratus)in Dongting water system[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2011,35(10):1488-1493.
[9]张亚晨,温海深,李兰敏,等.急性温度胁迫对妊娠期许氏平鲉血清皮质醇和血液生理指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(12):1872-1882.Zhang Y C,Wen H S,Li L M,et al.Effect of acute temperature stress on serum cortisol and hematological physiology of gestated Sebastes schlegelii[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(12):1872-1882.
[10]陈洁,熊邦喜,顾钱洪,等.内源及外源因子对鱼类血液生理生化指标的影响[J].湖北农业科学,2011,50(9):1861-1865.Chen J,Xiong B X,Gu Q H,et al.The effect of endogenous and environment factors on hematology physiological and biochemical indices of fish[J].Hubei Agricultural Sciences,2011,50(9):1861-1865.
[11]楼允东.鱼类育种学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2009:129-136.Lou Y D.Fish Breeding[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2009:129-136.
[12]张树花,刘逸尘,胡锦丽,等.图像辅助流式细胞仪在鲫鱼血细胞分析中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(12):7-10.Zhang S H,Liu Y C,Hu J L,et al.Application of image-based flow cytometry on blood cell analysis of Carassius auratus[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(12):7-10.
[13]李永仁,王金宇,陶秉春.流式细胞术检测乌克兰鳞鲤倍性[J].安徽农业科学,2011,39(15):9277-9280.Li Y R,Wang J Y,Tao B C.Ploid determination on ukraine carp(Cyprinus carpoio)by flow cytometry[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2011,39(15):9277-9280.
[14]翟中和,王喜忠,丁明孝.细胞生物学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000:247.Zhai Z H,Wang X Z,Ding M X.Cell Biology[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000:247.
[15]魏华,吴垠.鱼类生理学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2011:99-112.Wei H,Wu Y.Fish Physiology[M].Beijing:China Agricultural Publishing House,2011:99-112.
[16]韩英,王琨,张澜澜,等.二倍体与三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)红细胞及部分血液指标的比较[J].淡水渔业,2007,37(6):52-55.Han Y,Wang K,Zhang L L,et al.Comparison on erythrocyte and some hematology indices of diploid and triploid rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)[J].Freshwater Fishing,2007,37(6):52-55.
[17] Danilo W F,Gunther J E,Gilson K.Comparative hematology in marine fish[J].Comp Biochem Physiol,1992:102A:311-321.
[18] Holland R A B,Forster R E.The effect of size of red cells on kinetics of their oxygen uptake[J].J Gen Physiol,1966,49:727-742.
[19]常志成,温海深,张美昭,等.溶解氧水平对花鲈幼鱼氧化应激与能量利用的影响及生理机制[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(7):20-28.Chang Z C,Wen H S,Zhang M Z,et al.Effects of dissolved oxygen levels on oxidative stress response and energy utilization of juvenile chinese sea bass(Lateolabrax maculatus)and associate physiological mechanisms[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(7):20-28.
[20]贾少杰,陈文强,王杨科,等.中草药添加饲料浓度对鲫鱼血细胞及免疫机能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2018(1):211-214.Jia S J,Chen W Q,Wang Y K,et al.Effect of feed concentration of Chinese herbal medicine on blood cells and immune function of Carassius auratus[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2018(1):211-214.
[21]温海深,吕里康,李兰敏,等.急性高温胁迫对雄性许氏平鲉血液生理生化及相关基因表达的影响[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2016,46(11):44-51.Wen H S,Lv L K,Li L M,et al.Effect of temperature on physiological and biochemical parameters and gene expression of male Sebastes schlegelii[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2016,46(11):44-51.
[22]张思敏,李吉方,温海深,等.急性温度胁迫对许氏平鲉肝脏代谢机能和血液指标的影响及生理机制[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2018,48(5):32-38.Zhang S M,Li J F,Wen H S,et al.Effect of acute temperature stress on liver metabolism of black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii)and associating physiological mechanism[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China,2018,48(5):32-38.
[23]薛飞,刘涛,周维仁,等.绿原酸对异育银鲫血液非特异性免疫因子的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2007,22(2):148-151.Xue F,Liu T,Zhou W R,et al.Effects of chlorogenic acid on on-specific immune factors in blood of Carassius auratus[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2007,22(2):148-151.
[24]黄琪琐,刘丽燕,范丽萍.异育银鲫溶血性腹水病的病理生理研究[J].水产学报,1992,16(4):316-321.Huang Q S,Liu L Y,Fan L P.Pathophysiological studies on the hemolytic ascitesosis of crucian carp[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1992,16(4):316-321.
[25] Handeland S O,Bjornsson B T,Arnesen A M,et al.Seawater adaptation and growth of post-smolt Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar)of wild and farmed strains[J].Aquaculture,2003,220:367-384.