互联网发展对中国全要素能源效率的影响及网络效应研究
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摘要
数字经济时代,伴随着新一代网络信息技术以及能源互联网等网络经济新业态、新模式的快速发展,互联网发展很可能在提升地区全要素能源效率方面发挥更大的作用。文章分析了互联网发展影响地区全要素能源效率的作用机理,并采用2000—2015年中国省际面板数据,运用面板Tobit模型、门槛回归模型,实证考察了影响大小及网络效应情况。结果表明:(1)中国地区之间存在数字鸿沟,互联网发展和全要素能源效率地区不平衡现象比较显著,存在"东部→中部→西部"递减梯度分布,耦合度分析发现两者之间具有比较密切关系。(2)互联网发展对地区全要素能源效率提升具有正向促进作用。互联网发展、创新能力、所有制结构、经济集聚对全要素能源效率存在显著正向影响,对外开放度存在显著负向影响,能源消费结构存在负向影响,但统计不显著。(3)互联网发展对地区全要素能源效率的影响存在显著的双重门槛效应。网络使用从"低规模→中规模→高规模"变化时,互联网发展对全要素能源效率均有正向影响,但显著性则从"不显著→显著→不显著"变化,而且影响大小也会相应变化。因此,互联网对中国全要素能源效率的正向促进作用是非线性的,一定范围内随着互联网使用规模的增加,其影响作用也会跳跃性的变大,即存在网络效应。要充分发挥"互联网+"在提升地区全要素能源效率中的作用,认识到网络效应条件,推动互联网与能源生产、消费深度融合,以网络信息化手段提升节能技术创新水平,改变生产和生活方式,促进区域智能、绿色、协调发展。
In the era of digital economy,with the new generation of network information technology and the rapid development of energy Internet,the Internet is likely to play a greater role in promoting the total factor energy efficiency. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of Internet development on total factor energy efficiency,and empirically examines the impact by using the provincial panel data of 2000-2015 years in China. The analysis results of panel Tobit and threshold regression model show that:(1)There is a digital divide in China,and the imbalance of Internet development and total factor energy efficiency is significant. Internet development and total factor energy efficiency in the region have a decreasing gradient distribution of‘Eastern,central and Western',and the coupling degree analysis shows that there is a close relationship between them.(2)Internet development has a positive effect on the promotion of total factor energy efficiency. Internet development,the innovation ability,ownership structure and economic agglomeration have significant positive impact on regional total factor energy efficiency. The opening degree has a significant negative impact,and the energy consumption structure has a negative impact,but not significant.(3) There is a significant double threshold effect. When network usage changes from‘low scale'to‘medium scale'and‘high scale',the Internet development has a positive impact on total factor energy efficiency,but the significance is changed from‘not significant'to‘significant'and‘not significant',and the impact size will change accordingly. Therefore,the Internet has a nonlinear effect on China's total factor energy efficiency.Within a certain range,as the scale of network usage increases,its impact will also jump larger,that is,network effect exists. So we should give full play to the‘Internet plus' in the promotion of regional total factor energy efficiency,recognize the conditions of the network effect,promote the deep integration of the Internet and energy production and consumption,enhance the level of energy saving technology innovation by means of network information,change the production and life style,and promote regional intelligence,green,coordination and development.
In the era of digital economy,with the new generation of network information technology and the rapid development of energy Internet,the Internet is likely to play a greater role in promoting the total factor energy efficiency. This paper analyzes the mechanism of the impact of Internet development on total factor energy efficiency,and empirically examines the impact by using the provincial panel data of 2000-2015 years in China. The analysis results of panel Tobit and threshold regression model show that:(1)There is a digital divide in China,and the imbalance of Internet development and total factor energy efficiency is significant. Internet development and total factor energy efficiency in the region have a decreasing gradient distribution of‘Eastern,central and Western',and the coupling degree analysis shows that there is a close relationship between them.(2)Internet development has a positive effect on the promotion of total factor energy efficiency. Internet development,the innovation ability,ownership structure and economic agglomeration have significant positive impact on regional total factor energy efficiency. The opening degree has a significant negative impact,and the energy consumption structure has a negative impact,but not significant.(3) There is a significant double threshold effect. When network usage changes from‘low scale'to‘medium scale'and‘high scale',the Internet development has a positive impact on total factor energy efficiency,but the significance is changed from‘not significant'to‘significant'and‘not significant',and the impact size will change accordingly. Therefore,the Internet has a nonlinear effect on China's total factor energy efficiency.Within a certain range,as the scale of network usage increases,its impact will also jump larger,that is,network effect exists. So we should give full play to the‘Internet plus' in the promotion of regional total factor energy efficiency,recognize the conditions of the network effect,promote the deep integration of the Internet and energy production and consumption,enhance the level of energy saving technology innovation by means of network information,change the production and life style,and promote regional intelligence,green,coordination and development.
引文
[1]于斌斌.产业结构调整如何提高地区能源效率---基于幅度与质量双维度的实证考察[J].财经研究,2017,43(1):86-97.
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[9]赵楠,贾丽静,张军桥.技术进步对中国能源利用效率影响机制研究[J].统计研究,2013(4):63-69.
[10]戚聿东,李颖.新经济与规制改革[J].中国工业经济,2018(3):5-23.
[11]KATZ M,SHAPIRO C.Network externalities,competition and compatibility[J].American economic review,1985,75(3):424-440.
[12]RLLER L H,WAVERMAN L.Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development:a simultaneous approach[J].American economic review,2001,91(4):909-923.
[13]韩宝国,朱平芳.宽带对中国经济增长影响的实证分析[J].统计研究,2014(10):49-54.
[14]郭家堂,骆品亮.互联网对中国全要素生产率有促进作用吗?[J].管理世界,2016(10):34-49.
[15]胡鞍钢,王蔚,周绍杰,等.中国开创“新经济”---从缩小“数字鸿沟”到收获“数字红利”[J].国家行政学院学报,2016(3):4-13.
[16]TONE K.Dealing with undesirable outputs in DEA:a slacks-based measure(SBM)approach[R].The Operations Research Society of Japan,2004:44-45.
[17]张少华,蒋伟杰.能源效率测度方法:演变、争议与未来[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(7):3-24.
[18]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.
[19]王锋,冯根福.基于DEA窗口模型的中国省际能源与环境效率评估[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):56-68.
[20]LI M,WANG Q.International environmental efficiency differences and their determinants[J].Energy,2014,78(12):411-420.
[21]韩海彬,张莉.农业信息化对农业全要素生产率增长的门槛效应分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(8):11-21.
[22]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing,and inference[J].Journal of econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[23]魏楚,沈满洪.结构调整能否改善能源效率:基于中国省级数据的研究[J].世界经济,2008(11):77-85.
[24]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率---以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[25]师博,沈坤荣.市场分割下的中国全要素能源效率:基于超效率DEA方法的经验分析[J].世界经济,2008(9):49-59.
[26]张可,汪东芳.经济集聚与环境污染的交互影响及空间溢出[J].中国工业经济,2014(6):70-82.
[27]JIANG L,FOLMER H,JI M,et al.Energy efficiency in the Chinese provinces:a fixed effects stochastic frontier spatial Durbin error panel analysis[J].Annals of regional science,2017,58(2):301-319.
[28]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[29]魏楚,沈满洪.能源效率及其影响因素:基于DEA的实证分析[J].管理世界,2007(8):66-76.
[30]ARELLANO M,BOND S.Some tests of specification for panel data:monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations[J].Review of economic studies,1991,58(2):277-297.
[31]徐升艳,陈杰,赵刚.土地出让市场化如何促进经济增长[J].中国工业经济,2018(3):44-61.
[2]NAJARZADEH R,RAHIMZADEH F,REED M.Does the internet increase labor productivity?evidence from a cross-country dynamic panel[J].Journal of policy modeling,2014,36(6):986-993.
[3]ERDMANN L,HILTY L M.Scenario analysis-exploring the macroeconomic impacts of information and communication technologies on greenhouse gas emissions[J].Journal of industrial ecology,2010,14(5):826-843.
[4]BERNSTEIN R,MADLENER R.Impact of disaggregated ICT capital on electricity intensity in European manufacturing[J].Applied economics letters,2010,17,1691-1695.
[5]SADORSKY P.Information communication technology and electricity consumption in emerging economies[J].Energy policy,2012,43:130-136.
[6]KETTENI E,MAMUNEAS T,PASHARDES P.ICT and energy use:patterns of substitutability and complementarity in production[J].Cyprus economic policy review,2013,7(1):63-86.
[7]ZIA A.Measurement of energy consumption of ICT solutions applied for improving energy efficiency in transport sector[D].Tampere:Tampere University of Technology,2016.
[8]樊茂清,郑海涛,孙琳琳,等.能源价格技术变化和信息化投资对部门能源强度的影响[J].世界经济,2012(5):22-45.
[9]赵楠,贾丽静,张军桥.技术进步对中国能源利用效率影响机制研究[J].统计研究,2013(4):63-69.
[10]戚聿东,李颖.新经济与规制改革[J].中国工业经济,2018(3):5-23.
[11]KATZ M,SHAPIRO C.Network externalities,competition and compatibility[J].American economic review,1985,75(3):424-440.
[12]RLLER L H,WAVERMAN L.Telecommunications infrastructure and economic development:a simultaneous approach[J].American economic review,2001,91(4):909-923.
[13]韩宝国,朱平芳.宽带对中国经济增长影响的实证分析[J].统计研究,2014(10):49-54.
[14]郭家堂,骆品亮.互联网对中国全要素生产率有促进作用吗?[J].管理世界,2016(10):34-49.
[15]胡鞍钢,王蔚,周绍杰,等.中国开创“新经济”---从缩小“数字鸿沟”到收获“数字红利”[J].国家行政学院学报,2016(3):4-13.
[16]TONE K.Dealing with undesirable outputs in DEA:a slacks-based measure(SBM)approach[R].The Operations Research Society of Japan,2004:44-45.
[17]张少华,蒋伟杰.能源效率测度方法:演变、争议与未来[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2016(7):3-24.
[18]单豪杰.中国资本存量K的再估算:1952-2006年[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2008(10):17-31.
[19]王锋,冯根福.基于DEA窗口模型的中国省际能源与环境效率评估[J].中国工业经济,2013(7):56-68.
[20]LI M,WANG Q.International environmental efficiency differences and their determinants[J].Energy,2014,78(12):411-420.
[21]韩海彬,张莉.农业信息化对农业全要素生产率增长的门槛效应分析[J].中国农村经济,2015(8):11-21.
[22]HANSEN B E.Threshold effects in non-dynamic panels:estimation,testing,and inference[J].Journal of econometrics,1999,93(2):345-368.
[23]魏楚,沈满洪.结构调整能否改善能源效率:基于中国省级数据的研究[J].世界经济,2008(11):77-85.
[24]林伯强,刘泓汛.对外贸易是否有利于提高能源环境效率---以中国工业行业为例[J].经济研究,2015(9):127-141.
[25]师博,沈坤荣.市场分割下的中国全要素能源效率:基于超效率DEA方法的经验分析[J].世界经济,2008(9):49-59.
[26]张可,汪东芳.经济集聚与环境污染的交互影响及空间溢出[J].中国工业经济,2014(6):70-82.
[27]JIANG L,FOLMER H,JI M,et al.Energy efficiency in the Chinese provinces:a fixed effects stochastic frontier spatial Durbin error panel analysis[J].Annals of regional science,2017,58(2):301-319.
[28]张志辉.中国区域能源效率演变及其影响因素[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2015(8):73-88.
[29]魏楚,沈满洪.能源效率及其影响因素:基于DEA的实证分析[J].管理世界,2007(8):66-76.
[30]ARELLANO M,BOND S.Some tests of specification for panel data:monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations[J].Review of economic studies,1991,58(2):277-297.
[31]徐升艳,陈杰,赵刚.土地出让市场化如何促进经济增长[J].中国工业经济,2018(3):44-61.