广西龙江鱼类镉含量分布特征及生物积累特性分析
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摘要
突发镉污染事件能引起江河水体恶化,破坏水生态环境和威胁人类健康.本研究为证实突发镉污染事件引起生态环境风险,以不同类型鱼类以及鱼类不同组织器官为研究对象,分别前后6次对龙江进行采样调查,并对各鱼类根据水层和食性进行分类及分析.调查结果表明,前3次调查鱼类肌肉镉含量显著高于后3次调查鱼类肌肉镉含量;草食性,肉食性和杂食性鱼类不同组织器官镉的含量大小均可排序为:肾>肝>肠>鳃>卵>鳞≈肌肉,且3种类型肾的镉含量均显著高于其他任何组织器官(P<0.05);鱼类同一组织器官镉的含量根据不同水层鱼类依次为:底层鱼类>中下层鱼类>中上层鱼类.不同食性鱼类肌肉中镉平均富集系数BAF从大到小依次为杂食性,肉食性和草食性,分别为8.32、6.33和5.15;不同生活水层鱼类肌肉中镉平均富集系数大小排序为:底层鱼类(8.18)>中下层鱼类(7.70)>中上层鱼类(4.99).
Emergent cadmium pollution can cause water quality deterioration in rivers,which destroys the aquatic eco-environment and poses threats to human health.Fish species in these aquatic systems are prone to such pollution incidents and act as important indicators of the pollution level.Because cadmium enters the systematic circulation of fish and is non-biodegradable,the investigation of cadmium accumulation in fish bodies provides insights into the detrimental effects of cadmium pollution on the aquatic biological system.This research aims to validate the eco-environmental risks associated with emergent cadmium pollution incidents based on the investigation of the different tissues and organs of diverse fish species.The investigation was conducted six times along the Longjiang River using sampling methods during which all fish species were also classified and analyzed based on the water layer they reside in and their feeding habits.The results show that the cadmium concentration in the fish tissues is significantly higher in the former three investigations compared with that of the latter three analyses.For herbivorous,carnivorous,and omnivorous fish species,the cadmium concentration of their different tissues and organs follows the order:kidney > liver > gut > gill > egg > scale≈ muscle.The cadmium concentration in the kidney is significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in any other organs of the fish species.This agrees with the fact that the kidney intensively metabolizes and accumulates heavy metals.The cadmium concentration in the same tissues or organs of the fish species living in different water layers follows the trend:demersal fish species > middle lower-layer species > middle upper-layer species.The sequence of the cadmium bioaccumulation factors in the muscles of different fish species is omnivore > carnivorous >herbivorous,that is,8.32,6.33,and 5.15,respectively,while the bioaccumulation factors in the muscles of the fish species in different water layers decrease in the following sequence:demersal fish species(8.18) > middle bottom-layer fish species(7.70) >middle upper-layer fish species(4.99).These experimental results indicate the biomagnification effects in heavy metal-polluted aquatic environments,where the bioaccumulation of heavy metals by fish is related to both the overall pollution level and local residential environment.
Emergent cadmium pollution can cause water quality deterioration in rivers,which destroys the aquatic eco-environment and poses threats to human health.Fish species in these aquatic systems are prone to such pollution incidents and act as important indicators of the pollution level.Because cadmium enters the systematic circulation of fish and is non-biodegradable,the investigation of cadmium accumulation in fish bodies provides insights into the detrimental effects of cadmium pollution on the aquatic biological system.This research aims to validate the eco-environmental risks associated with emergent cadmium pollution incidents based on the investigation of the different tissues and organs of diverse fish species.The investigation was conducted six times along the Longjiang River using sampling methods during which all fish species were also classified and analyzed based on the water layer they reside in and their feeding habits.The results show that the cadmium concentration in the fish tissues is significantly higher in the former three investigations compared with that of the latter three analyses.For herbivorous,carnivorous,and omnivorous fish species,the cadmium concentration of their different tissues and organs follows the order:kidney > liver > gut > gill > egg > scale≈ muscle.The cadmium concentration in the kidney is significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in any other organs of the fish species.This agrees with the fact that the kidney intensively metabolizes and accumulates heavy metals.The cadmium concentration in the same tissues or organs of the fish species living in different water layers follows the trend:demersal fish species > middle lower-layer species > middle upper-layer species.The sequence of the cadmium bioaccumulation factors in the muscles of different fish species is omnivore > carnivorous >herbivorous,that is,8.32,6.33,and 5.15,respectively,while the bioaccumulation factors in the muscles of the fish species in different water layers decrease in the following sequence:demersal fish species(8.18) > middle bottom-layer fish species(7.70) >middle upper-layer fish species(4.99).These experimental results indicate the biomagnification effects in heavy metal-polluted aquatic environments,where the bioaccumulation of heavy metals by fish is related to both the overall pollution level and local residential environment.
引文
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[18]Dorts J,Kestemont P,Dieu M,et al.Proteomic response to sublethal cadmium exposure in a sentinel fish species,Cottus gobio[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2011,10(2):470-478.
[19]Qiu Y W,Lin D,Liu J Q,et al.Bioaccumulation of trace metals in farmed fish from South China and potential risk assessment[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2011,74(3):284-293.
[20]刘芳芳,李忠海,付湘晋,等.东洞庭湖网箱养殖鲤鱼生长期内重金属的富集特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(2):166-172.Liu F F,Li Z H,Fu X J,et al.Enrichment of heavy metals in growth period of cage cultured carp(Cyprinus carpio)from the east Dongting lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(2):166-172.
[21]孙笑川,王德良,王元兰,等.Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2016,51(7):137-142.Sun X C,Wang D L,Wang Y L,et al.Research into the accumulative levels about Cd,Pb in Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi from the East Dongting lake[J].Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),2016,51(7):137-142.
[22]邢艳帅,朱桂芬.重金属对水生生物的生态毒理效应及生物耐受机制研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):13-26.Xing Y S,Zhu G F.Advances on ecotoxicological effects of heavy metals to aquatic organisms and the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2017,12(3):13-26.
[23]Chi Q Q,Zhu G W,Langdon A.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(12):1500-1504.
[24]盛蒂,朱兰保.蚌埠市场食用鱼重金属含量及安全性评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(22):49-52,56.Sheng D,Zhu L B.Heavy metal content and safety evaluation of fish in Bengbu market[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2014,35(22):49-52,56.
[25]Wagner A,Boman J.Biomonitoring of trace elements in muscle and liver tissue of freshwater fish[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2003,58(12):2215-2226.
[26]Rejomon G,Nair M,Joseph T.Trace metal dynamics in fishes from the southwest coast of India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,167(1-4):243-255.
[27]广西壮族自治区水产研究所,中国科学院动物研究所.广西淡水鱼类志[M].(第二版).南宁:广西人民出版社,1981.
[28]陆尚旭.河池地区江河水质污染现状评价及防治对策[J].水资源保护,2004,20(2):41-43.Lu S X.Evaluation of current situation of water pollution in rivers in Hechi area and measures for pollution remediation[J].Water Resources Protection,2004,20(2):41-43.
[29]Atobatele O E,Olutona G O.Distribution of three non-essential trace metals(Cadmium,Mercury and Lead)in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir,Iwo,Nigeria[J].Toxicology Reports,2015,2:896-903.
[30]Liang P,Wu S C,Zhang J,et al.The effects of mariculture on heavy metal distribution in sediments and cultured fish around the Pearl River Delta region,south China[J].Chemosphere,2016,148:171-177.
[2]Zhao X M,Yao L A,Ma Q L,et al.Distribution and ecological risk assessment of cadmium in water and sediment in Longjiang River,China:implication on water quality management after pollution accident[J].Chemosphere,2018,194:107-116.
[3]Komjarova I,Bury N R.Evidence of common cadmium and copper uptake routes in zebrafish Danio rerio[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2014,48(21):12946-12951.
[4]Weber P,Behr E R,De Lellis Knorr C,et al.Metals in the water,sediment,and tissues of two fish species from different trophic levels in a subtropical Brazilian river[J].Microchemical Journal,2013,106:61-66.
[5]谢文平,朱新平,郑光明,等.广东罗非鱼养殖区水体和鱼体中重金属、HCHs、DDTs含量及风险评价[J].环境科学,2014,35(12):4663-4670.Xie W P,Zhu X P,Zheng G M,et al.Residues and health risk assessment of HCHs,DDTs and heavy metals in water and Tilapias from fish ponds of Guangdong[J].Environmental Science,2014,35(12):4663-4670.
[6]Ylmaz F,zdemir N,Demirak A,et al.Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus[J].Food Chemistry,2007,100(2):830-835.
[7]Zhao S,Feng C H,Quan W M,et al.Role of living environments in the accumulation characteristics of heavy metals in fishes and crabs in the Yangtze River Estuary,China[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2012,64(6):1163-1171.
[8]Wei Y H,Zhang J Y,Zhang D W,et al.Metal concentrations in various fish organs of different fish species from Poyang Lake,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2014,104:182-188.
[9]Yi Y J,Tang C H,Yi T C,et al.Health risk assessment of heavy metals in fish and accumulation patterns in food web in the upper Yangtze River,China[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2017,145:295-302.
[10]Zeng J,Yang L Y,Wang X,et al.Metal accumulation in fish from different zones of a large,shallow freshwater lake[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2012,86:116-124.
[11]Rajeshkumar S,Li X Y.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish species from the Meiliang Bay,Taihu Lake,China[J].Toxicology Reports,2018,5:288-295.
[12]田林锋,胡继伟,罗桂林,等.贵州百花湖鱼体器官及肌肉组织中重金属的分布特征及其与水体重金属污染水平的相关性[J].水产学报,2012,36(5):714-722.Tian L F,Hu J W,Luo G L,et al.Heavy metals in muscle tissues and organs of fish species from Lake Baihua[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2012,36(5):714-722.
[13]Sinha A K,Kumar V,Makkar H P S,et al.Non-starch polysaccharides and their role in fish nutrition-a review[J].Food Chemistry,2011,127(4):1409-1426.
[14]Kaneko J J,Ralston N V C.Selenium and mercury in pelagic fish in the central north pacific near Hawaii[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2007,119(3):242-254.
[15]Ahmad M K,Islam S,Rahman S,et al.Heavy metals in water,sediment and some fishes of Buriganga river,Bangladesh[J].International Journal of Environmental Research,2010,4(2):321-332.
[16]刘潇威,何英,赵玉杰,等.农产品中重金属风险评估的研究与进展[J].农业环境科学学报,2007,26(1):15-18.Liu X W,He Y,Zhao Y J,et al.Risk assessments for heavy metals in agri-foods[J].Journal of Agro-Environment Science,2007,26(1):15-18.
[17]刘阳,陈曦,覃剑晖.镉对食蚊鱼(Gambusia affinis)的急性毒性效应[J].安全与环境学报,2015,15(3):362-366.Liu Y,Chen X,Qin J H.Acute toxicity effects of cadmium on Gambusia affinis[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2015,15(3):362-366.
[18]Dorts J,Kestemont P,Dieu M,et al.Proteomic response to sublethal cadmium exposure in a sentinel fish species,Cottus gobio[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2011,10(2):470-478.
[19]Qiu Y W,Lin D,Liu J Q,et al.Bioaccumulation of trace metals in farmed fish from South China and potential risk assessment[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2011,74(3):284-293.
[20]刘芳芳,李忠海,付湘晋,等.东洞庭湖网箱养殖鲤鱼生长期内重金属的富集特征[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(2):166-172.Liu F F,Li Z H,Fu X J,et al.Enrichment of heavy metals in growth period of cage cultured carp(Cyprinus carpio)from the east Dongting lake[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2013,26(2):166-172.
[21]孙笑川,王德良,王元兰,等.Cd、Pb在东洞庭湖乌鳢、鳜鱼中的蓄积水平研究[J].山东大学学报(理学版),2016,51(7):137-142.Sun X C,Wang D L,Wang Y L,et al.Research into the accumulative levels about Cd,Pb in Channa argus and Siniperca chuatsi from the East Dongting lake[J].Journal of Shandong University(Natural Science),2016,51(7):137-142.
[22]邢艳帅,朱桂芬.重金属对水生生物的生态毒理效应及生物耐受机制研究进展[J].生态毒理学报,2017,12(3):13-26.Xing Y S,Zhu G F.Advances on ecotoxicological effects of heavy metals to aquatic organisms and the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms[J].Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology,2017,12(3):13-26.
[23]Chi Q Q,Zhu G W,Langdon A.Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fishes from Taihu Lake,China[J].Journal of Environmental Sciences,2007,19(12):1500-1504.
[24]盛蒂,朱兰保.蚌埠市场食用鱼重金属含量及安全性评价[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(22):49-52,56.Sheng D,Zhu L B.Heavy metal content and safety evaluation of fish in Bengbu market[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2014,35(22):49-52,56.
[25]Wagner A,Boman J.Biomonitoring of trace elements in muscle and liver tissue of freshwater fish[J].Spectrochimica Acta Part B:Atomic Spectroscopy,2003,58(12):2215-2226.
[26]Rejomon G,Nair M,Joseph T.Trace metal dynamics in fishes from the southwest coast of India[J].Environmental Monitoring and Assessment,2010,167(1-4):243-255.
[27]广西壮族自治区水产研究所,中国科学院动物研究所.广西淡水鱼类志[M].(第二版).南宁:广西人民出版社,1981.
[28]陆尚旭.河池地区江河水质污染现状评价及防治对策[J].水资源保护,2004,20(2):41-43.Lu S X.Evaluation of current situation of water pollution in rivers in Hechi area and measures for pollution remediation[J].Water Resources Protection,2004,20(2):41-43.
[29]Atobatele O E,Olutona G O.Distribution of three non-essential trace metals(Cadmium,Mercury and Lead)in the organs of fish from Aiba Reservoir,Iwo,Nigeria[J].Toxicology Reports,2015,2:896-903.
[30]Liang P,Wu S C,Zhang J,et al.The effects of mariculture on heavy metal distribution in sediments and cultured fish around the Pearl River Delta region,south China[J].Chemosphere,2016,148:171-177.