计及轴向传热的中低压单芯电缆导体温升状态空间模型
|
摘要
电力电缆导体温度可为线路载流量及运行状态的评估提供依据。然而,在当前电缆温度计算中,导体的轴向温度分布通常被忽略,无法准确描述电缆运行的热动态过程。为此,基于热平衡原理,在状态空间内提出了计及轴向传热的中低压单芯电缆导体的温升模型。为克服模型参数难以确定的问题,提出了基于粒子群优化算法的电缆热路参数辨识方法。为验证模型精度,建立了电缆温升实验平台,在不同电流下对空气中敷设电缆进行了轴向温升实验。计算结果与实验结果的对比表明,当电缆存在轴向温度梯度时,所提状态空间模型结果精度高于IEC60287标准模型,能够满足中低压单芯电缆导体在不同电流条件下的轴向温升计算要求。
Power cable conductor temperature is an important parameter to evaluate the ampacity and operation status of transmission line. However,the current cable temperature calculation model can not accurately describe thermal dynamic process of cable operation for ignoring the axial conductor temperature distribution. To solve this problem,a state space model of conductor temperature estimation considering axial heat conduction for middle and low voltage single core power cable was proposed in this paper which based on thermal equilibrium principle. To overcome the shortcoming that the thermal parameters are difficult to accurately calculate,a power cable conductor thermal parameter identification algorithm based on particle swarm optimization( PSO) was proposed. To verify model accuracy,a cable temperature experiment platform was established and the axial temperature of air laying power cable under various current was measured. Comparison of calculation results and experimental results shows that the precision of proposed model is higher than that of IEC 60287 model,the proposed model can meet the precision requirement of middle and low voltage power cable conductor temperature calculation under various current which can be applied to describe the single core power cable thermal dynamic process more accurately.
Power cable conductor temperature is an important parameter to evaluate the ampacity and operation status of transmission line. However,the current cable temperature calculation model can not accurately describe thermal dynamic process of cable operation for ignoring the axial conductor temperature distribution. To solve this problem,a state space model of conductor temperature estimation considering axial heat conduction for middle and low voltage single core power cable was proposed in this paper which based on thermal equilibrium principle. To overcome the shortcoming that the thermal parameters are difficult to accurately calculate,a power cable conductor thermal parameter identification algorithm based on particle swarm optimization( PSO) was proposed. To verify model accuracy,a cable temperature experiment platform was established and the axial temperature of air laying power cable under various current was measured. Comparison of calculation results and experimental results shows that the precision of proposed model is higher than that of IEC 60287 model,the proposed model can meet the precision requirement of middle and low voltage power cable conductor temperature calculation under various current which can be applied to describe the single core power cable thermal dynamic process more accurately.
引文
[1]赵建华,袁宏永,范维澄,等.基于表面温度场的电缆线芯温度在线诊断研究[J].中国电机工程学报,1999,19(11):52-54,68.ZHAO Jianhua,YUAN Hongyong,FAN Weicheng,et al. Surface temperature filed based online diagnoses study for electric cable's conductor temp-erature[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE,1999,19(11):52-54,68.
[2]刘毅刚,罗俊华.电缆导体温度实时计算的数学方法[J].高电压技术,2005,31(5):52-54.LIU Yigang,LUO Junhua. Mathematical method of temperature calculation of power cable conductor in real time[J]. High Voltage Engineering,31(5):52-54.
[3]GARRIDO C,OTERO A F,et al. Theoretical model to Calculate ste-ady-state and transient ampacity and temperature in buried cables[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2003,18(3):667-678.
[4] OLSEN R,ANDERS G J. Modelling of dynamic transmission cable temperature considering soil-specific heat,thermal resistivity,and precipitation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1909–1917.
[5]NAKAMURA S,MOROOKA S,KAWASAKI K. Conductor temperature monitoring system in underground power transmission XLPE cable joints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1909–1917.
[6]杨永明,程鹏,陈俊,等.考虑空气流场影响的电缆散热研究及其影响因素与经济性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(1):50-54.YANG Yongming,CHENG Peng,CHEN Jun,et al. Cable heat dissipation considering air flow field,its influencing factors and economical efficiency[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(1):50-54.
[7]BANAKAR H,ALGUACIL N,GALIANA F D. Electrothermal coordination part I:theory and implementation schemes[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):798-805.
[8]沈一平,蔡岳峰,王昕.架空绝缘导线带电接续技术的研究[J].浙江电力,2016,35(1):19-22.SHEN Yiping,CAI Yuefeng,WANG Xin. Research on live-wire connection technology of overhead insulated conductor[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(1):19-22.
[9]张兴华,童歆渝,刘伟.考虑铁芯损耗的内置式永磁同步电机模型参数测量[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(3):194-198,204.ZHANG Xinghua,TONG Xinyu,LIU Wei. Model parameter measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor considering core loss[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(3):194-198,204.
[10]张云柯,李博通,贾健飞,等.带并联电抗器的超高压电缆-架空混合线路三相永久性故障识别方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):107-111,125.ZHANG Yunke,LI Botong,JIA Jianfei,et al. Three phase permanent fault identification method for EHV cable overhead hybrid lines with shunt reactors[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):107-111,125.
[11]黄清,魏旭,周志成.激光对架空输电导线的温度影响研究[J].江苏电机工程,2016,35(6):45-49.HUANG Qing,WEI Xu,ZHOU Zhicheng. Research on temperature effect of laser on overhead transmission line[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2016,35(6):45-49.
[12]ALGUACIL N,BANAKAR H,GALIANA F D. Electrothermal coordination part II:case studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1738-1745.
[13] OLSEN R,HOLBOELL J,et al. Electrothermal coordination in cable based transmission grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2013,28(4):4867-4874.
[14]应展烽,冯凯,杜志佳,等.高压架空导线电流与轴向温度关系计算的热路模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2887-2895.YING Zhanfeng,FENG Kai,DU Zhijia,et al. Study of thermal circuit model for calculation relationship of high voltage overhead conductor ampacity and axial temperature[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2887-2895.
[15]冯凯,应展烽,张旭东,等.基于内点法参数辨识的架空导线径向热路模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2321-2326.FENG Kai,YING Zhanfeng,ZHANG Xudong,et al. Radial thermal circuit model of overhead conductors based on parameter identification with interior point method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(9):2138-2143.
[16] Calculation of the current rating-part 1:current rating equations(100%load factor)and calculation of losses:IEC60287-1—2001[S].
[17]Calculation of thecurrent rating-part 2:thermal resistance:IEC60287-2—2001[S].
[18]Calculation of the current rating-part 3:sections on operating conditions:IEC 60287-3—1999[S].
[19]牛海清,周鑫,王晓兵,等.外皮温度监测的单芯电缆暂态温度计算与试验[J].高电压技术,2009,35(9):2138-2143.NIU Haiqing,ZHOU Xin,WANG Xiaobing,et al. Calculation and experiment of transient temperatures of single-core cables on jacket temperature monitoring[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(9):2138-2143.
[20]刘刚,雷成华,刘毅刚,等.根据电缆表面温度推算导体温度的热路简化模型暂态误差分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):212-217.LIU Gang,LEI Chenghua,LIU Yigang,et al. Analysis on transient error of simplified thermal circuit model for calculating conductor temperature by cable surface temperature[J]. Power System Technology. 2011,31(5):52-54.
[21]王有元,陈仁刚,陈伟根,等.有限元法计算地下电缆稳态温度场及其影响因素[J].高电压技术,2008,34(12):3086-3092.WANG Youyuan,CHEN Rengang,CHEN Weigen,et al. Calculation of static temperature field of buried cable based on FEM and analysis of influential factors[J]. High Voltage Engineering. 2008,34(12):3086-3092.
[22]VAUCHERET P,HARTLEIN R A,BLACK W Z. Ampacity derating factors for cables in short segment of conduit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1-6.
[23]HANNA M A,CHIKHANI A Y. Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil part 1:theoretical model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):304-309.
[24]HANNA M A,CHIKHANI A Y. Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil part 3:case of two cables in a Trench[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):772-778.
[25]GELA G,DAI J J. Calculation of thermal fields of underground cables using the boundary element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1988,3(4):1341-1347.
[26]赵健康,樊友兵,王晓兵,等.高压电力电缆金属护套下的热阻特性分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2483-2487.ZHAO Jiankang,FAN Youbing,WANG Xiaobing,et al. Thermal resistance properties of the part between metal sheath and conductor in high-voltage power Cable[J]. High Voltage Engineering. 2008,34(11):2483-2487.
[27]高升宇,顾自强,王震,等. XLPE电缆排管敷设时稳定载流量的理论计算析[J].电力设备,2007,8(9):6-11.GAO Shengyu,GU Ziqiang,WANG Zhen,et al. Theoretical calculation of steady current-carrying capacity for XLPE cable of duct laying[J]. Electrical Equipment,2007,8(9):6-11.
[28]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:4-15.TAO Wenquan. Heat transfer[M]. Xi'an:Northwestern Polytec-hnical University Press,2006:4-15.
[29] Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables-part 2:cyclic rating of cables greater than 18/30(36)k V and emergency ratings for cables of all voltages:IEC60853-3—1999[S].
[2]刘毅刚,罗俊华.电缆导体温度实时计算的数学方法[J].高电压技术,2005,31(5):52-54.LIU Yigang,LUO Junhua. Mathematical method of temperature calculation of power cable conductor in real time[J]. High Voltage Engineering,31(5):52-54.
[3]GARRIDO C,OTERO A F,et al. Theoretical model to Calculate ste-ady-state and transient ampacity and temperature in buried cables[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 2003,18(3):667-678.
[4] OLSEN R,ANDERS G J. Modelling of dynamic transmission cable temperature considering soil-specific heat,thermal resistivity,and precipitation[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1909–1917.
[5]NAKAMURA S,MOROOKA S,KAWASAKI K. Conductor temperature monitoring system in underground power transmission XLPE cable joints[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2013,28(3):1909–1917.
[6]杨永明,程鹏,陈俊,等.考虑空气流场影响的电缆散热研究及其影响因素与经济性分析[J].电力自动化设备,2013,33(1):50-54.YANG Yongming,CHENG Peng,CHEN Jun,et al. Cable heat dissipation considering air flow field,its influencing factors and economical efficiency[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(1):50-54.
[7]BANAKAR H,ALGUACIL N,GALIANA F D. Electrothermal coordination part I:theory and implementation schemes[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(2):798-805.
[8]沈一平,蔡岳峰,王昕.架空绝缘导线带电接续技术的研究[J].浙江电力,2016,35(1):19-22.SHEN Yiping,CAI Yuefeng,WANG Xin. Research on live-wire connection technology of overhead insulated conductor[J]. Zhejiang Electric Power,2016,35(1):19-22.
[9]张兴华,童歆渝,刘伟.考虑铁芯损耗的内置式永磁同步电机模型参数测量[J].电力自动化设备,2018,38(3):194-198,204.ZHANG Xinghua,TONG Xinyu,LIU Wei. Model parameter measurement of permanent magnet synchronous motor considering core loss[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2018,38(3):194-198,204.
[10]张云柯,李博通,贾健飞,等.带并联电抗器的超高压电缆-架空混合线路三相永久性故障识别方法[J].电力自动化设备,2017,37(10):107-111,125.ZHANG Yunke,LI Botong,JIA Jianfei,et al. Three phase permanent fault identification method for EHV cable overhead hybrid lines with shunt reactors[J]. Electric Power Automation Equipment,2017,37(10):107-111,125.
[11]黄清,魏旭,周志成.激光对架空输电导线的温度影响研究[J].江苏电机工程,2016,35(6):45-49.HUANG Qing,WEI Xu,ZHOU Zhicheng. Research on temperature effect of laser on overhead transmission line[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering,2016,35(6):45-49.
[12]ALGUACIL N,BANAKAR H,GALIANA F D. Electrothermal coordination part II:case studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2005,20(4):1738-1745.
[13] OLSEN R,HOLBOELL J,et al. Electrothermal coordination in cable based transmission grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems. 2013,28(4):4867-4874.
[14]应展烽,冯凯,杜志佳,等.高压架空导线电流与轴向温度关系计算的热路模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(11):2887-2895.YING Zhanfeng,FENG Kai,DU Zhijia,et al. Study of thermal circuit model for calculation relationship of high voltage overhead conductor ampacity and axial temperature[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(11):2887-2895.
[15]冯凯,应展烽,张旭东,等.基于内点法参数辨识的架空导线径向热路模型[J].高电压技术,2015,41(7):2321-2326.FENG Kai,YING Zhanfeng,ZHANG Xudong,et al. Radial thermal circuit model of overhead conductors based on parameter identification with interior point method[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(9):2138-2143.
[16] Calculation of the current rating-part 1:current rating equations(100%load factor)and calculation of losses:IEC60287-1—2001[S].
[17]Calculation of thecurrent rating-part 2:thermal resistance:IEC60287-2—2001[S].
[18]Calculation of the current rating-part 3:sections on operating conditions:IEC 60287-3—1999[S].
[19]牛海清,周鑫,王晓兵,等.外皮温度监测的单芯电缆暂态温度计算与试验[J].高电压技术,2009,35(9):2138-2143.NIU Haiqing,ZHOU Xin,WANG Xiaobing,et al. Calculation and experiment of transient temperatures of single-core cables on jacket temperature monitoring[J]. High Voltage Engineering,2009,35(9):2138-2143.
[20]刘刚,雷成华,刘毅刚,等.根据电缆表面温度推算导体温度的热路简化模型暂态误差分析[J].电网技术,2011,35(4):212-217.LIU Gang,LEI Chenghua,LIU Yigang,et al. Analysis on transient error of simplified thermal circuit model for calculating conductor temperature by cable surface temperature[J]. Power System Technology. 2011,31(5):52-54.
[21]王有元,陈仁刚,陈伟根,等.有限元法计算地下电缆稳态温度场及其影响因素[J].高电压技术,2008,34(12):3086-3092.WANG Youyuan,CHEN Rengang,CHEN Weigen,et al. Calculation of static temperature field of buried cable based on FEM and analysis of influential factors[J]. High Voltage Engineering. 2008,34(12):3086-3092.
[22]VAUCHERET P,HARTLEIN R A,BLACK W Z. Ampacity derating factors for cables in short segment of conduit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,2005,20(2):1-6.
[23]HANNA M A,CHIKHANI A Y. Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil part 1:theoretical model[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):304-309.
[24]HANNA M A,CHIKHANI A Y. Thermal analysis of power cables in multi-layered soil part 3:case of two cables in a Trench[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery,1993,8(3):772-778.
[25]GELA G,DAI J J. Calculation of thermal fields of underground cables using the boundary element method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 1988,3(4):1341-1347.
[26]赵健康,樊友兵,王晓兵,等.高压电力电缆金属护套下的热阻特性分析[J].高电压技术,2008,34(11):2483-2487.ZHAO Jiankang,FAN Youbing,WANG Xiaobing,et al. Thermal resistance properties of the part between metal sheath and conductor in high-voltage power Cable[J]. High Voltage Engineering. 2008,34(11):2483-2487.
[27]高升宇,顾自强,王震,等. XLPE电缆排管敷设时稳定载流量的理论计算析[J].电力设备,2007,8(9):6-11.GAO Shengyu,GU Ziqiang,WANG Zhen,et al. Theoretical calculation of steady current-carrying capacity for XLPE cable of duct laying[J]. Electrical Equipment,2007,8(9):6-11.
[28]陶文铨.传热学[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,2006:4-15.TAO Wenquan. Heat transfer[M]. Xi'an:Northwestern Polytec-hnical University Press,2006:4-15.
[29] Calculation of the cyclic and emergency current rating of cables-part 2:cyclic rating of cables greater than 18/30(36)k V and emergency ratings for cables of all voltages:IEC60853-3—1999[S].