基于协同克里格的耕层土壤速效钾空间异质性研究
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摘要
基于万年县配方施肥项目野外采集的耕层(0～20 cm)土壤数据,运用常规性统计和地统计学方法定量刻画土壤速效钾的空间异质性。结果表明,研究区土壤速效钾值域为33. 46～164. 84 mg·kg~(-1),均值为82. 04 mg·kg~(-1),属于4级(第二次土壤普查土壤养分分级标准),变异系数为30. 49%,呈中等程度变异。成土母质、土壤类型(亚类和土属)、高程、p H和阳离子交换量(CEC)对研究区耕层土壤速效钾空间变异影响极显著(P <0. 01)。交叉验证的结果表明,加入辅助变量的协同克里格法较普通克里格法可以提高模拟精度,辅助变量个数越多,模拟精度越高,空间异质性描述越详细。通过插值得出土壤速效钾的空间分布图,可为当地土壤钾素管理和精准农业提供科学依据。
The spatial heterogeneity of soil available potassium (AK) was quantified by using general statistics combined with geostatistics based on soil data collected from field surveys (0-20 cm) in the formula fertilization project in Wannian County. The results showed that soil AK ranged from 33. 46 mg·kg~(-1) to 164. 84 mg·kg~(-1) with an average of 82. 04 mg·kg~(-1) in the study area,and was in the fourth grade (classification standard of soil nutrients in the second soil surveys) with a coefficient variation of 30. 49%. Parent materials,soil group (subgroup and soil family),elevation,p H,and cation exchange capacity (CEC) had significant (P < 0. 01) effects on the spatial variation of soil AK. The results of cross-validation showed that co-Kriging with auxiliary variables could improve accuracy compared to ordinary Kriging,the more auxiliary variables,the higher the simulation accuracy,and the more detailed spatial heterogeneity description. The spatial distribution map of soil AK could offer scientific basis for local soil AK management and precision agriculture.
The spatial heterogeneity of soil available potassium (AK) was quantified by using general statistics combined with geostatistics based on soil data collected from field surveys (0-20 cm) in the formula fertilization project in Wannian County. The results showed that soil AK ranged from 33. 46 mg·kg~(-1) to 164. 84 mg·kg~(-1) with an average of 82. 04 mg·kg~(-1) in the study area,and was in the fourth grade (classification standard of soil nutrients in the second soil surveys) with a coefficient variation of 30. 49%. Parent materials,soil group (subgroup and soil family),elevation,p H,and cation exchange capacity (CEC) had significant (P < 0. 01) effects on the spatial variation of soil AK. The results of cross-validation showed that co-Kriging with auxiliary variables could improve accuracy compared to ordinary Kriging,the more auxiliary variables,the higher the simulation accuracy,and the more detailed spatial heterogeneity description. The spatial distribution map of soil AK could offer scientific basis for local soil AK management and precision agriculture.
引文
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[2]BOUMA J.The new role of soil science in a network society[J].Soil Science,2001,166(12):874-879.
[3]GUO X,LI H Y,YU H M,et al.Drivers of spatio-temporal changes in paddy soil pH in Jiangxi Province,China from 1980to 2010[J].Scientific Reports,2018,8(1):2702-2712.
[4]JIANG Y F,RAO L,SUN K,et al.Spatio-temporal distribution of soil nitrogen in Poyang Lake ecological economic zone(South-China)[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,626:235-243.
[5]MINASNY B,HONG S Y,HARTEMINK A E,et al.Soil p Hincrease under paddy in South Korea between 2000 and 2012[J].Agriculture Ecosystems&Environment,2016,221:205-213.
[6]FU W J,TUNNEY H,ZHANG C S.Spatial variation of soil nutrients in a dairy farm and its implications for site-specific fertilizer application[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2010,106(2):185-193.
[7]陈洋,齐雁冰,王茵茵,等.秦巴中部山区耕地土壤速效钾空间变异及其影响因素[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(2):257-266.CHEN Y,QI Y B,WANG Y Y,et al.Spatial variability and factors affecting soil available potassium in the Central QinlingDaba Mountain area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(2):257-266.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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[10]MEDINA H,LIER Q J,GARCIA J,et al.Regional-scale variability of soil properties in Western Cuba[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2017,166:84-99.
[11]江叶枫,孙凯,郭熙,等.南方红壤区不同侵蚀程度下土壤有机质空间变异的影响因素研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):149-160.JIANG Y F,SUN K,GUO X,et al.Spatial variability of organic matter and its influencing factors in red soil with different erosion degrees in South China[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(1):149-160.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]江叶枫,孙凯,郭熙,等.基于环境因子和邻近信息的土壤属性空间分布预测[J].环境科学研究,2017,30(7):1059-1068.JIANG Y F,SUN K,GUO X,et al.Prediction of spatial distribution of soil properties based on environmental factors and neighbor information[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2017,30(7):1059-1068.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]郭龙,张海涛,陈家赢,等.基于协同克里格插值和地理加权回归模型的土壤属性空间预测比较[J].土壤学报,2012,49(5):1037-1042.GUO L,ZHANG H T,CHEN J Y,et al.Comparison between co-kriging model and geogeaphically weighted regression model in spatial prediction of soil attributes[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2012,49(5):1037-1042.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]庞夙,李廷轩,王永东,等.县域农田土壤铜含量的协同克里格插值及采样数量优化[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(8):2828-2836.PANG S,LI T X,WANG Y D,et al.Spatial interpolation and sampling numbers of the concentration of copper in cropland soil on county scale using cokriging[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(8):2828-2836.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]UMALI B P,OLIVER D P,FORRESTER S,et al.The effect of terrain and management on the spatial variability of soil properties in an apple orchard[J].Catena,2012,93:38-48.
[16]江叶枫,叶英聪,郭熙,等.江西省耕地土壤氮磷生态化学计量空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2017,54(6):1527-1539.JIANG Y F,YE Y C,GUO X,et al.Spatial variability of ecological stoichiometry of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in farmlands of Jiangxi Province and its influencing factors[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2017,54(6):1527-1539.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]杨帆,黄来明,李德成,等.高寒山区地形序列土壤有机碳和无机碳垂直分布特征及其影响因素[J].土壤学报,2015,52(6):1226-1236.YANG F,HUANG L M,LI D C,et al.Vertical distributions of soil organic and inorganic carbon and their controls toposequences in an Alpine region[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2015,52(6):1226-1236.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]王永壮,陈欣,史奕.农田土壤中磷素有效性及影响因素[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):260-268.WANG Y Z,CHEN X,SHI Y.Phosphorus availability in cropland soils of China and related affecting factors[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,24(1):260-268.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]苟曦.川中丘陵区土壤肥力特征研究[D].成都:四川农业大学,2007.GOU X.The soil fertility character in the hilly area of the central Sichuan Basin[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2007.
[20]宋丰骥,常庆瑞,钟德燕.黄土高原沟壑区土壤养分空间变异及其与地形因子的相关性[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(12):166-172.SONG F J,CHANG Q R,ZHONG D Y.Spatial variability of soil nutrients and its relations to topographical factors in hilly and gully area of Loedd Plateau[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition),2011,39(12):166-172.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[21]王永豪,王昌全,李启权,等.川西南山区耕地土壤速效钾空间特征及影响因素分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(3):651-657.WANG Y H,WANG C Q,LI Q Q,et al.Geostatistics and GIS analysis of soil available potassium in mountainous Southwestern Sichuan[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2016,29(3):651-657.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]李楠,徐东瑞,吴杨洁.土壤养分含量的协同克里格法插值研究[J].浙江农业学报,2011,23(5):1001-1006.LI N,XU D R,WU Y J.Spatial distribution with different sampling numbers of soil nutrient using Cokriging[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2011,23(5):1001-1006.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]张素梅,王宗明,张柏,等.利用地形和遥感数据预测土壤养分空间分布[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(5):188-194.ZHANG S M,WANG Z M,ZHANG B,et al.Prediction of spatial distribution of soil nutrients using terrain attributes and remote sensing data[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(5):188-194.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]胡玉福,邓良基,张世熔,等.四川雨城区主要土壤母质上的耕地土壤性质变异研究[J].土壤通报,2004,35(3):246-250.HU Y F,DENG L J,ZHANG S R,et al.Changes of cropland soil properties derived from different parent materials[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2004,35(3):246-250.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]庞夙,陶晓秋,张英,等.会理县新植烟区土壤速效钾含量空间变异特征及其影响因子[J].中国烟草科学,2012,33(1):32-36.PANG S,TAO X Q,ZHANG Y,et al.Spatial variability characteristic and influencing factors of soil available potassium in new tobacco plantation district in Huili County[J].Chinese Tobacco Science,2012,33(1):32-36.(in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]江叶枫,饶磊,郭熙,等.江西省耕地土壤氮素空间变异特征及其影响因素[J].长江流域资源与环境,2018,27(1):70-79.JIANG Y F,RAO L,GUO X,et al.Spatial variability of farmland soil nitrogen of Jiangxi province and its influencing factors[J].Resources and Environment in The Yangtze Basin,2018,27(1):70-79.(in Chinese with English abstract)
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