精准扶贫背景下贫困农户识别对耕地利用效率的影响——以重庆市石柱土家族自治县为例
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摘要
以重庆市石柱土家族自治县(以下简称"石柱县")1 027户农户调研数据为依据,运用DEA模型测度了精准扶贫视角下不同属性农户类别的耕地利用效率,并以Tobit模型回归分析研究了扶贫视角下影响农户耕地利用效率的关键因素.结果表明:高强度的瞄准性政策帮扶对耕地利用效率影响并不高,且存在一般农户、贫困户、脱贫户的耕地利用效率依次降低和贫困村、非贫困村的耕地利用效率依次降低的两种趋势;从贫困视角的农户识别看,贫困户对耕地利用效率影响的正相关有统计学意义;土地收入占家庭总收入的比例、农业补贴、发展特色种植业和较强的村域经济发展速度对耕地利用效率的正相关有统计学意义,而耕地规模对耕地利用效率呈负向影响,劳动力技能培训和农户仅接受了义务教育阶段教育水平这一因素对扶贫视角下耕地利用效率影响无统计学意义.
Based on the survey data of 1 027 farmer households in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County of Chongqing,the authors used the DEA model to measure the cultivated land use efficiency of different-attribute households,and the Tobit model to study the key factors influencing the cultivated land use efficiency based on targeted poverty alleviation.The results showed that the effect of the targeted poverty alleviation policy was not great on cultivated land use efficiency,and there were two kinds of trends on cultivated land use efficiency reducing in order:the efficiency of the rich families,the efficiency of the poor families,the efficiency of the households who had been relieved from poverty,and the efficiency of the poor villages,the efficiency of the non-poor villages.From the perspective of poverty,the poor families had a significant positive effect on cultivated land use efficiency.A high proportion of land income in the total income of the household,agricultural subsidies,the development of a special planting industry,and a rapid growth of the village economy were in a significant positive correlation with cultivated land use efficiency,while the scale of cultivated land had a negative effect on it.The factors of labor skill training and the limited compulsory education received by the local farmers had no significant effect on the cultivated land use efficiency in the perspective of poverty alleviation.
Based on the survey data of 1 027 farmer households in Shizhu Tujia Autonomous County of Chongqing,the authors used the DEA model to measure the cultivated land use efficiency of different-attribute households,and the Tobit model to study the key factors influencing the cultivated land use efficiency based on targeted poverty alleviation.The results showed that the effect of the targeted poverty alleviation policy was not great on cultivated land use efficiency,and there were two kinds of trends on cultivated land use efficiency reducing in order:the efficiency of the rich families,the efficiency of the poor families,the efficiency of the households who had been relieved from poverty,and the efficiency of the poor villages,the efficiency of the non-poor villages.From the perspective of poverty,the poor families had a significant positive effect on cultivated land use efficiency.A high proportion of land income in the total income of the household,agricultural subsidies,the development of a special planting industry,and a rapid growth of the village economy were in a significant positive correlation with cultivated land use efficiency,while the scale of cultivated land had a negative effect on it.The factors of labor skill training and the limited compulsory education received by the local farmers had no significant effect on the cultivated land use efficiency in the perspective of poverty alleviation.
引文
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[4]潘竟虎,赵宏宇,董磊磊.基于DMSP-OLS数据和可持续生计的中国农村多维贫困空间识别[J].生态学报,2018,38(17):6180-6193.
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[10]彭玮.当前易地扶贫搬迁工作存在的问题及对策建议——基于湖北省的调研分析[J].农村经济,2017(3):26-30.
[11]李烨.中国乡村旅游业扶贫效率研究[J].农村经济,2017(5):72-78.
[12]龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.
[13]刘敦虎,赖廷谦,王卿.农业科技投入与农业经济增长的动态关联关系研究——基于四川省2000-2015年的经验数据[J].农村经济,2017(10):118-122.
[14]许恒周,郭玉燕,吴冠岑.农民分化对耕地利用效率的影响——基于农户调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(6):31-39,47.
[15]颜鹏飞,王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究,2004(12):55-65.
[16]FARE R,GROSSKOPF C,LOVELL K.Production Frontiers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994.
[17]李娜,谢德体,王三.基于区域分化下重庆市土地利用结构效率评价——综合运用信息熵和Malmquist指数[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(6):115-123.
[18]徐玉婷,黄贤金,陈志刚,等.农地转入规模扩大有助于农民农业增收吗?——基于中国中部5省农户调查的实证研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1624-1636.
(2)“两不愁三保障”:《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020年)》提出,到2020年我国扶贫开发针对扶贫对象的总体目标是:“稳定实现扶贫对象不愁吃、不愁穿,保障其义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全”,简称“两不愁三保障”.
(3)贫困农户识别:国家扶贫办按照农户家庭是否达到“两不愁三保障”的标准,将农户分为贫困户、脱贫户和一般农户3种类型.
[2]蒋南平,郑万军.中国农民工多维返贫测度问题[J].中国农村经济,2017(6):58-69.
[3]傅鹏,张鹏,周颖.多维贫困的空间集聚与金融减贫的空间溢出——来自中国的经验证据[J].财经研究,2018,44(2):115-126.
[4]潘竟虎,赵宏宇,董磊磊.基于DMSP-OLS数据和可持续生计的中国农村多维贫困空间识别[J].生态学报,2018,38(17):6180-6193.
[5]刘彦随,李进涛.中国县域农村贫困化分异机制的地理探测与优化决策[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):161-173.
[6]赵雪雁,马艳艳,陈欢欢,等.干旱区内陆河流域农村多维贫困的时空格局及影响因素——以石羊河流域为例[J].经济地理,2018,38(2):140-147.
[7]胡晗,司亚飞,王立剑.产业扶贫政策对贫困户生计策略和收入的影响——来自陕西省的经验证据[J].中国农村经济,2018(1):78-89.
[8]侯茂章,周璟.湖南省易地扶贫搬迁后续产业发展研究[J].经济地理,2017,37(8):176-181.
[9]王春萍,郑烨.21世纪以来中国产业扶贫研究脉络与主题谱系[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,27(6):145-154.
[10]彭玮.当前易地扶贫搬迁工作存在的问题及对策建议——基于湖北省的调研分析[J].农村经济,2017(3):26-30.
[11]李烨.中国乡村旅游业扶贫效率研究[J].农村经济,2017(5):72-78.
[12]龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.
[13]刘敦虎,赖廷谦,王卿.农业科技投入与农业经济增长的动态关联关系研究——基于四川省2000-2015年的经验数据[J].农村经济,2017(10):118-122.
[14]许恒周,郭玉燕,吴冠岑.农民分化对耕地利用效率的影响——基于农户调查数据的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(6):31-39,47.
[15]颜鹏飞,王兵.技术效率、技术进步与生产率增长:基于DEA的实证分析[J].经济研究,2004(12):55-65.
[16]FARE R,GROSSKOPF C,LOVELL K.Production Frontiers[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1994.
[17]李娜,谢德体,王三.基于区域分化下重庆市土地利用结构效率评价——综合运用信息熵和Malmquist指数[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2018,40(6):115-123.
[18]徐玉婷,黄贤金,陈志刚,等.农地转入规模扩大有助于农民农业增收吗?——基于中国中部5省农户调查的实证研究[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(10):1624-1636.
(2)“两不愁三保障”:《中国农村扶贫开发纲要(2011-2020年)》提出,到2020年我国扶贫开发针对扶贫对象的总体目标是:“稳定实现扶贫对象不愁吃、不愁穿,保障其义务教育、基本医疗和住房安全”,简称“两不愁三保障”.
(3)贫困农户识别:国家扶贫办按照农户家庭是否达到“两不愁三保障”的标准,将农户分为贫困户、脱贫户和一般农户3种类型.