局部涂抹纳米碳与尿素溶液对桃树梢叶生长及氮素吸收、分配的影响
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摘要
以7年生的鲁星油桃为试材,采用15 N同位素示踪技术进行田间涂抹试验,研究不同浓度纳米碳与相同浓度尿素溶液(0μg/mL+0.2%,50μg/mL+0.2%,100μg/mL+0.2%,200μg/mL+0.2%,分别以CK、NC50、NC100、NC200表示)涂抹部分叶片对桃树局部梢叶生长、氮素吸收及分配的影响,以期为桃树栽培过程中施用碳纳米提供新的思路和有益的参考。结果表明:与对照相比,施用纳米碳后桃树涂抹叶片单叶面积明显增加,叶绿素含量显著提高,NC200处理下叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度比对照提高了15.8%,30.0%,12.4%;纳米碳的施用提高了桃树新梢的干物质积累量,NC100、NC200处理比对照增加了10.5%和12.9%,提高了新梢各部位的全氮含量;高浓度的纳米碳(NC200处理)提高了新生器官对氮素的吸收征调能力(Ndff值);随纳米碳浓度的增大氮素的利用效率显著提高,NC50、NC100、NC200处理的氮素利用率比对照提高了13.6%,29.5%,40.0%;此外,新生嫩叶部分以NC200处理的氮素分配率最高,达19.55%,NC50、NC100、NC200处理氮素分配率比对照提高了4.5%,16.2%,17.1%,差异显著。以上结果表明,纳米碳能够促进新梢叶片对氮素的吸收利用,有效提高叶绿素含量、光合作用效率及新梢局部氮素利用率,影响氮素在梢叶各部位间的分配,促进氮素向生长中心(新生嫩叶)的转移。
Taking seven-year-old Luxing nectarine as test material,and the field smearing test was carried out and the 15 N isotope tracing technique was applied to explore the effects of different concentrations of nanocarbon and the same concentration of urea solution(0μg/mL+0.2%,50μg/mL+0.2%,100μg/mL+0.2%,200μg/mL+0.2%,expressed as CK,NC50,NC100 and NC200,respectively)on the growth,nitrogen absorption and distribution in the spring main shoots and leaves of peach,in order to provide new ideas and useful references for the application of carbon nanometers in the cultivation of peach trees.The solution was coated with some leaves.The results showed that compared with the control,the leaf area and the chlorophyll content were significantly increased after application of nano-carbon.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves in NC200 treatment increased by 15.8%,30.0%and 12.4% compared with the control,respectively.The application of nano-carbon promoted the dry matter accumulation of the new peach shoots.The treatments of NC100 and NC200increased the dry matter accumulation by 10.5%and 12.9%,respectively,compared with the control,and increased the total nitrogen content of the new shoots.High concentration of nano-carbon(NC200treatment)increased thenitrogen uptake ability of new organs(Ndff value).With the increasing of nano-carbon concentration,the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased significantly.The nitrogen utilization rate of NC50,NC100,NC200 treatments increased by 13.6%,29.5% and 40.0%,respectively,compared with the control.In addition,the nitrogen distribution rate in new leaves of NC200 treatment was the highest,reaching 19.55%,and the nitrogen distribution rate of NC50,NC100 and NC200treatments were 4.5%,16.2% and 17.1% higher than that of the control,respectively,and the differences were significantly.The above results indicated that nano-carbon could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in new shoot leaves,effectively improve chlorophyll content,photosynthetic efficiency and local nitrogen utilization rate of new shoots,affect the distribution of nitrogen in different parts of shoots,and promote the transfer of nitrogen to the growth centers(new tender leaves).
Taking seven-year-old Luxing nectarine as test material,and the field smearing test was carried out and the 15 N isotope tracing technique was applied to explore the effects of different concentrations of nanocarbon and the same concentration of urea solution(0μg/mL+0.2%,50μg/mL+0.2%,100μg/mL+0.2%,200μg/mL+0.2%,expressed as CK,NC50,NC100 and NC200,respectively)on the growth,nitrogen absorption and distribution in the spring main shoots and leaves of peach,in order to provide new ideas and useful references for the application of carbon nanometers in the cultivation of peach trees.The solution was coated with some leaves.The results showed that compared with the control,the leaf area and the chlorophyll content were significantly increased after application of nano-carbon.The net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves in NC200 treatment increased by 15.8%,30.0%and 12.4% compared with the control,respectively.The application of nano-carbon promoted the dry matter accumulation of the new peach shoots.The treatments of NC100 and NC200increased the dry matter accumulation by 10.5%and 12.9%,respectively,compared with the control,and increased the total nitrogen content of the new shoots.High concentration of nano-carbon(NC200treatment)increased thenitrogen uptake ability of new organs(Ndff value).With the increasing of nano-carbon concentration,the nitrogen utilization efficiency increased significantly.The nitrogen utilization rate of NC50,NC100,NC200 treatments increased by 13.6%,29.5% and 40.0%,respectively,compared with the control.In addition,the nitrogen distribution rate in new leaves of NC200 treatment was the highest,reaching 19.55%,and the nitrogen distribution rate of NC50,NC100 and NC200treatments were 4.5%,16.2% and 17.1% higher than that of the control,respectively,and the differences were significantly.The above results indicated that nano-carbon could promote the absorption and utilization of nitrogen in new shoot leaves,effectively improve chlorophyll content,photosynthetic efficiency and local nitrogen utilization rate of new shoots,affect the distribution of nitrogen in different parts of shoots,and promote the transfer of nitrogen to the growth centers(new tender leaves).
引文
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[21]陈倩,丁宁,彭玲,等.供氮水平对矮化苹果15 N-尿素吸收、利用、损失及产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2247-2253.
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[25]沈其荣,徐国华,潘文辉,等.不同叶面营养组分对黄瓜叶片氮素营养的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1998,21(1):66-71.
[26]李永旗.叶施尿素对棉花氮素吸收利用分配及生理生化特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.
[2]李延菊,李宪利,高东升,等.设施栽培油桃对叶面施15 N的吸收、分配特性研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(4):678-683.
[3]李燕婷,李秀英,肖艳,等.叶面肥的营养机理及应用研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(1):162-172.
[4] Powlson D S,Poulton P R,Moller N E,et al.Uptake of foliar-applied urea by winter wheat(Triticum aestivum):The influence of application time and the use of a new15 N technique[J].Journal of the Science of Food&Agriculture,2010,48(4):429-440.
[5]Monreal C M,De Rosa M,Mallubhotla S C,et al.Nanotechnologies for increasing the crop use efficiency of fertilizer-micronutrients[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2016,52(3):423-437.
[6]乔俊,赵建国,解谦,等.纳米炭材料对作物生长影响的研究进展[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):162-170.
[7]胡梓超,周蓓蓓,王全九.模拟降雨条件下纳米碳对黄土坡面养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):1-6,12.
[8]汪玉洁,陈日远,刘厚诚,等.纳米材料在农业上的应用及其对植物生长和发育的影响[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(6):933-942.
[9]李小龙,孙占伟,过伟民,等.纳米碳增效肥料对烟草农艺性状和经济指标的影响[J].土壤,2016,48(4):831-834.
[10] Alia D S,Castillo-Michel H,Hernandez-Viezcas J A,et al.Synchrotron micro-XRF and micro-XANES confirmation of the uptake and translocation of TiO2nanoparticles in cucumber(Cucumis sativus)plants[J].Environmental Scienc and Technology,2012,46(14):7637-7643.
[11] Yuan Z D,Zhang Z M,Wang X P,et al.Novel impacts of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes in plants:Promotion of nodulation and nitrogenase activity in rhizobium-legume system[J].Nanoscale,2017,9(28):9921-9937.
[12] Khodakovskaya M V,Kim B S,Kim J N,et al.Carbon nanotubes as plant growth regulators:Effects on tomato growth,reproductive system,and soil microbial community[J].Small,2013,9(1):115-123.
[13] Khodakovskaya M V,Silva K D,Biris A S,et al.Carbon nanotubes induce growth enhancement of tobacco cell[J].Acs Nano,2012,6(3):2128-2135.
[14]王小燕,马国辉,狄浩,等.纳米增效尿素对水稻产量及氮肥农学利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2010,16(6):1479-1485.
[15]王学奎.植物生理生化实验原理与技术[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2015.
[16]彭玲,刘晶晶,王芬,等.硝酸盐供应水平对平邑甜茶幼苗生长、光合特性与15 N吸收、利用的影响[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):522-530.
[17]房祥吉,姜远茂,彭福田,等.不同沙土配比对盆栽平邑甜茶的生长及15 N吸收、利用和损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):131-134.
[18]周恩达,周乐,李红娜,等.不同淹水处理对盆栽平邑甜茶生长及15 N-尿素分配、利用、损失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(2):136-139.
[19]李绍华.桃树学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[20]王磊,董树亭,刘鹏,等.水氮互作对冬小麦光合生理特性和产量的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(3):301-308.
[21]陈倩,丁宁,彭玲,等.供氮水平对矮化苹果15 N-尿素吸收、利用、损失及产量和品质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2017,28(7):2247-2253.
[22]李延菊.设施栽培‘早红珠’油桃对叶面施15 N-尿素吸收、分配和利用研究[D].山东泰安:山东农业大学,2006.
[23] Dietz K J,Herth S.Plant nanotoxicology[J].Trends in Plant Science,2011,16(11):582-589.
[24]张绪成,上官周平.施氮量对小麦叶片硝酸还原酶活性、一氧化氮含量和气体交换的影响[J].应用生态学报,2007(7):1447-1452.
[25]沈其荣,徐国华,潘文辉,等.不同叶面营养组分对黄瓜叶片氮素营养的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,1998,21(1):66-71.
[26]李永旗.叶施尿素对棉花氮素吸收利用分配及生理生化特性的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014.