网络强国背景下网络竞争力的区域差异及提升路径
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摘要
以中国大陆31个省域互联网发展现状为研究对象,从网络基础设施建设、科技创新水平、互联网应用和互联网经济四个方面构建评价区域网络竞争力的指标体系,采用熵值法和核密度估计考察2013——2016年各省市区网络竞争力的时空差异及其动态演进态势,研究发现:近年来,中国整体的网络竞争力不断提升,但省域间数字鸿沟依然显著,网络竞争力呈现出"东部>中部>西部"的阶梯状发展格局;考察期内中国各省市区之间网络竞争力差异表现出先收敛后扩散的发展轨迹,东部地区的网络竞争力差异有进一步扩大趋势,中部地区网络竞争力差异存在收敛迹象,西部地区网络竞争力发展均衡,但面临低端锁定困境。为落实网络强国战略,应借助"有为政府"与"有效市场"协同的力量,有针对性地增强区域整体网络竞争力和区域间网络发展的协同性,即东部地区着力实现技术突破并发挥创新扩散和辐射带动作用,中部地区充分发挥优势并加快互联网应用和互联网经济发展,西部地区则不断完善基础设施并加强互联网应用。
The authors take the status quo of 31 provincial Internet development in mainland China as the research object,and construct an index system for evaluating regional network competitiveness from four aspects:network infrastructure construction,R&D investment,Internet application and Internet economy. Then,the Entropy method and Kernel Density Estimation are used to investigate the spatial and temporal differences and its dynamic evolution trend in various provinces from 2013 to 2016. The results show that:the overall network competitiveness of China has been continuously improved,but the digital divide between provinces is still significant,and the network competitiveness of the east is ahead of the central and western regions;during the inspection period,the differences in China’s inter-provincial network competitiveness show a convergence and diffusion development trend;the differences in the eastern region have further expanded,and there are signs of convergence in the central region,while the western region faces a low-end locking dilemma. In order to build a network powerful nation,it is proposed to play a comprehensive role of the government and the market. The eastern region should focus on realizing technological breakthroughs and exerting radiation effects,the central region should exert advantages and fill shortcomings,while the western region should constantly improve its infrastructure and strengthen Internet applications.
The authors take the status quo of 31 provincial Internet development in mainland China as the research object,and construct an index system for evaluating regional network competitiveness from four aspects:network infrastructure construction,R&D investment,Internet application and Internet economy. Then,the Entropy method and Kernel Density Estimation are used to investigate the spatial and temporal differences and its dynamic evolution trend in various provinces from 2013 to 2016. The results show that:the overall network competitiveness of China has been continuously improved,but the digital divide between provinces is still significant,and the network competitiveness of the east is ahead of the central and western regions;during the inspection period,the differences in China’s inter-provincial network competitiveness show a convergence and diffusion development trend;the differences in the eastern region have further expanded,and there are signs of convergence in the central region,while the western region faces a low-end locking dilemma. In order to build a network powerful nation,it is proposed to play a comprehensive role of the government and the market. The eastern region should focus on realizing technological breakthroughs and exerting radiation effects,the central region should exert advantages and fill shortcomings,while the western region should constantly improve its infrastructure and strengthen Internet applications.
引文
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[21]粟皓,吕本富.三网融合在建设网络强国中的作用分析[J].中国行政管理,2016(11):63-66.
[22]王薇,任保平.中国电信业增长质量评价及其基本特征[J].中国流通经济,2015,29(10):117-124.
[23]王伟.建设网络强国需打好五大攻坚战[J].人民论坛,2018(23):68-69.
[24]吴伟萍.我国省际互联网服务业竞争力指数评价研究[J].广东社会科学,2018(1):38-47.
[25]张旭亮,史晋川,李仙德,等.互联网对中国区域创新的作用机理与效应[J].经济地理,2017,37(12):129-137.
[26]唐登蕓,吴满意.网络强国建设背景下的网民问题:概念属性与成长困境[J].求实,2018(5):31-40,110.
[27]龚遥,顾晓安.互联网金融发展影响因素实证分析[J].经济经纬,2016,33(6):143-148.
[28]LIU L,ZHOU J,AN X,et al.Using fuzzy theory and information entropy for water quality assessment in Three Gorges region,China[J].Expert systems with applications,2010,37(3):2517-2521.
[29]王媛,程曦,殷培红,等.影响中国碳排放绩效的区域特征研究——基于熵值法的聚类分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1 106-1 116.
[30]BURKHAUSER R V,ROVBA L.Income inequality in the1990s:comparing the united states,great britain and germany[J].Discussion papers of DIW Berlin,2006(2):576.
[2]林娟.互联网对经济收敛性的影响研究[J].经济问题探索,2016(1):7-13.
[3]新京报.习近平与网络强国战略.[EB/OL].(2015-12-15)[2018-10-20].http://www.cac.gov.cn/2015-12/15/c_1117468634.htm.
[4]张成岗,张仕敏,黄晓伟.信息技术、数字鸿沟与社会公正——新技术风险的社会治理[J].中国科技论坛,2018(5):136-144.
[5]汪明峰.互联网使用与中国城市化——“数字鸿沟”的空间层面[J].社会学研究,2005(6):112-135,244.
[6]ZHANG X,BOHLIN E.Income disparity and digital divide:the internet consumption model and cross-country empirical research[J].Telecommunications policy,2013,37(6/7):515-529.
[7]WUNNAVA P V,LEITER D B.Determinants of inter-country internet diffusion rates[J].The American journal of economics and sociology,2009,68(2):413-426.
[8]李立威,李丹丹.移动互联网扩散的影响因素——基于跨国截面数据的实证研究[J].技术经济,2015,34(6):37-42.
[9]汪明峰,邱娟.中国互联网用户增长的省际差异及其收敛性分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(1):42-48.
[10]胡鞍钢,王蔚,周绍杰,等.中国开创“新经济”——从缩小“数字鸿沟”到收获“数字红利”[J].国家行政学院学报,2016(3):4-13.
[11]王子敏,潘丹丹.中国区域互联网发展水平测度与收敛性分析[J].统计与决策,2018,34(8):86-89.
[12]邱均平,马凤.我国网络信息的增长变化和分布状况研究[J].情报杂志,2011,30(3):1-7,73.
[13]孙中伟,杨阳,陆相林.世界互联网网民的空间分布规律与影响因素[J].经济地理,2015,35(9):1-7.
[14]宋周莺,刘卫东.中国信息化发展进程及其时空格局分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(3):257-265.
[15]彭湘君,曾国平,李娅.中国信息化发展绩效评价及其区域发展阶段测算[J].经济地理,2016,36(10):102-109.
[16]中国网络空间研究院.中国互联网发展报告2017[EB/OL].(2017-12-15)[2018-10-20].http://www.WICWuzhen.cn/web17/achievements/201712/t20171215_6056806.shtml.
[17]邱娟,汪明峰.进入21世纪以来中国互联网发展的时空差异及其影响因素分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,29(5):28-32,38.
[18]王敏,王琴梅,万博.中国互联网普及的空间差异及其影响因素分析[J].统计与决策,2018,34(7):101-104.
[19]汪明峰.中国互联网技术的空间扩散与区域差异——基于探索性空间数据分析[J].南京社会科学,2011(10):22-29.
[20]金春枝,李伦.我国互联网数字鸿沟空间分异格局研究[J].经济地理,2016,36(8):106-112.
[21]粟皓,吕本富.三网融合在建设网络强国中的作用分析[J].中国行政管理,2016(11):63-66.
[22]王薇,任保平.中国电信业增长质量评价及其基本特征[J].中国流通经济,2015,29(10):117-124.
[23]王伟.建设网络强国需打好五大攻坚战[J].人民论坛,2018(23):68-69.
[24]吴伟萍.我国省际互联网服务业竞争力指数评价研究[J].广东社会科学,2018(1):38-47.
[25]张旭亮,史晋川,李仙德,等.互联网对中国区域创新的作用机理与效应[J].经济地理,2017,37(12):129-137.
[26]唐登蕓,吴满意.网络强国建设背景下的网民问题:概念属性与成长困境[J].求实,2018(5):31-40,110.
[27]龚遥,顾晓安.互联网金融发展影响因素实证分析[J].经济经纬,2016,33(6):143-148.
[28]LIU L,ZHOU J,AN X,et al.Using fuzzy theory and information entropy for water quality assessment in Three Gorges region,China[J].Expert systems with applications,2010,37(3):2517-2521.
[29]王媛,程曦,殷培红,等.影响中国碳排放绩效的区域特征研究——基于熵值法的聚类分析[J].自然资源学报,2013,28(7):1 106-1 116.
[30]BURKHAUSER R V,ROVBA L.Income inequality in the1990s:comparing the united states,great britain and germany[J].Discussion papers of DIW Berlin,2006(2):576.