基于旧件质量和“以旧换再”补贴的分级定价研究
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摘要
"以旧换再"补贴政策已经在我国试点施行,相关原型新品和再制品的市场购买行为和企业定价决策受此影响。根据传统销售和售后渠道以及消费者持有旧件质量的不同细分市场,考虑到消费者的"以旧换再"偏好程度构建了制造商分级定价利润模型并分段优化,得到了"以旧换再"补贴下的最优分级定价决策,面向企业给出了旧件分级再制造的成本条件,面向政府给出了授予企业产品补贴资格的参考依据。考虑到再制造领先企业和一般企业再制造条件的不同,采用算例分析展示了补贴对领先企业及一般企业再制造分级定价决策的影响,并分析了消费者"以旧换再"偏好程度的变化对企业分级再制造决策的影响。结果表明,分级定价可以提高再制造系统的整体利润;换购补贴对促进再制造领先企业与一般企业再制造体系发展的积极作用不同,政府应根据产业及企业特点结合其他举措选择实施补贴的时机和补贴比例。
The "trade-in for remanufactured" subsidy has been piloted in China,by which the market purchasing behaviors of related new and remanufactured parts and the enterprise's pricing decisions are affected.Based on characteristics of the parts' different distribution channels,the market is segmented according to used part's quality grades in after-sale channel.In consideration of subsidy and customer's trade-in preference,the manufacturer's profit model of tiered pricing is constructed and piecewise optimized.With the optimized pricing strategies,the cost conditions for enterprise to build tiered remanufacturing system and the suggestions for government to award remanufactured partsubsidy qualification are concluded.Since the remanufacturing environment of leading and general enterprises is different,different example analyses are taken to show the subsidy's influences on pricing decisions of leading and general remanufacturing enterprises,and also the impacts on tiered remanufacturing decisions of general enterprise with changing customer's trade-in preference.Results indicate that tiered pricing can boost the overall profits of the remanufacturing system while the trade-in subsidy shows different effects on leading and general enterprises,so the timing and proportion of subsidy should be chosen based on the characteristics of the target industries and enterprises combined with other measures.
The "trade-in for remanufactured" subsidy has been piloted in China,by which the market purchasing behaviors of related new and remanufactured parts and the enterprise's pricing decisions are affected.Based on characteristics of the parts' different distribution channels,the market is segmented according to used part's quality grades in after-sale channel.In consideration of subsidy and customer's trade-in preference,the manufacturer's profit model of tiered pricing is constructed and piecewise optimized.With the optimized pricing strategies,the cost conditions for enterprise to build tiered remanufacturing system and the suggestions for government to award remanufactured partsubsidy qualification are concluded.Since the remanufacturing environment of leading and general enterprises is different,different example analyses are taken to show the subsidy's influences on pricing decisions of leading and general remanufacturing enterprises,and also the impacts on tiered remanufacturing decisions of general enterprise with changing customer's trade-in preference.Results indicate that tiered pricing can boost the overall profits of the remanufacturing system while the trade-in subsidy shows different effects on leading and general enterprises,so the timing and proportion of subsidy should be chosen based on the characteristics of the target industries and enterprises combined with other measures.
引文
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[15]李新然,吴义彪.以旧换再补贴对双渠道销售闭环供应链的影响[J].科研管理,2015,36(9):106-118.
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[18]Aksen D,Aras N,Karaarslan A G.Design and analysis of government subsidized collection systems for incentive-dependent returns[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2009,119(2):308-327.
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[20]刘慧慧,刘涛.电器电子产品基金补贴和市场合作对正规回收渠道的影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2017,25(05):87-96.
[21]王文宾,邓雯雯.逆向供应链的政府奖惩机制与税收-补贴机制比较研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(04):102-110.
[22]张汉江,余华英,李聪颖.闭环供应链上的回收激励契约设计与政府补贴再制造政策的优化[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(08):71-78.
[23]Ma Weimin,Zhao Zhang,Ke Hua.Dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with government consumption-subsidy[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2013,226(2):221-227.
[24]马卫民,赵璋.以旧换新补贴对具有不同等级产品闭环供应链的影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(3):113-117.
[25]李新然,吴义彪.政府“以旧换再”补贴下的差别定价闭环供应链[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015,(8):1983-1995.
[26]夏西强,朱庆华,赵森林.政府补贴下制造/再制造竞争机理研究[J].管理科学学报,2017,20(4):71-83.
[27]孙浩,叶俊,胡劲松,等.不同决策模式下制造商与再制造商的博弈策略研究[J].中国管理科学,2017,25(1):160-169.
[28]朱庆华,夏西强,李幻云.政府补贴与专利费用下制造与再制造博弈模型[J].系统工程学报,2017,32(1):8-18.
[29]周丹.我国汽车零部件再制造现状与发展研究——以发动机再制造为例[J].质量与标准化,2013,(7):56-59..
[30]问卷星.消费者汽车发动机再制造品感知价值调查问卷[EB/OL].[2014-11].http://www.sojump.com/jq/2269237.aspx.
[2]Thierry M,Salomon M,Van Nunen J,et al.Strategic issues in product recovery management[J].California Management Review,1995,37(2):114-135.
[3]Guide V D R,Van Wassenhove L N.OR FORUM-the evolution of closed-loop supply chain research[J].Operations Research,2009,57(1):10-18.
[4]Guide V D R,Li Jiayi.The potential for cannibalization of new products sales by remanufactured products[J].Decision Sciences,2010,41(3):547-572.
[5]中国物资再生协会.旧件回收困难制约再制造行业发展[J].中国资源综合利用,2016,34(3):5-6.
[6]Zhao Senlin,Zhu Qinghua,Cui Li.A decision-making model for remanufacturers:Considering both consumers’environmental preference and the government subsidy policy[J].Resources,Conservation and Recycling,2018,128:176-186.
[7]Atasu A,Sarvary M,Van Wassenhove L N.Remanufacturing as a marketing strategy[J].Management Science,2008,54(10):1731-1746.
[8]Ferrer G,Swaminathan J M.Managing new andremanufactured products[J].Management Science,2006,52(1):15-26.
[9]Guide V D R,Teunter R H.Van Wassenhove L N.Matching demand and supply to maximize profits from remanufacturing[J].Manufacturing&Service Operations Management.2003,5(4):303-316.
[10]Bhattacharya R,Kaur A.Allocation of external returns of different quality grades to multiple stages of a closed loop supply chain[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2015,37(3):692-702.
[11]Mashhadi A R,Behdad S.Optimal sorting policies in remanufacturing systems:Application of product lifecycle data in quality grading and end-of-use recovery[J].Journal of Manufacturing Systems,2017,43:15-24.
[12]尹君,谢家平,刘娟.旧件分级回收再制造决策机制研究[J].上海管理科学,2017,39(3):22-29.
[13]Van Loon P,Van Wassenhove L N.Assessing the economic and environmental impact of remanufacturing:A decision support tool for OEM suppliers[J].International Journal of Production Research,2017,56(4):1-13.
[14]徐滨士,李恩重,郑汉东,等.我国再制造产业及其发展战略[J].中国工程科学,2017,19(3):61-65.
[15]李新然,吴义彪.以旧换再补贴对双渠道销售闭环供应链的影响[J].科研管理,2015,36(9):106-118.
[16]Webster S,Mitra S.Competitive strategy in remanufacturing and the impact of take-back laws[J].Journal of Operations Management,2007,25(6):1123-1140.
[17]Mitra S,Webster S.Competition in remanufacturing and the effects of government subsidies[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2008,111(2):287-298.
[18]Aksen D,Aras N,Karaarslan A G.Design and analysis of government subsidized collection systems for incentive-dependent returns[J].International Journal of Production Economics,2009,119(2):308-327.
[19]Cole D,Mahapatra S,Webster S.A Comparison of buyback and trade-in policies to acquire used products for remanufacturing[J].Journal of Business Logistics,2017,38(3):217-232.
[20]刘慧慧,刘涛.电器电子产品基金补贴和市场合作对正规回收渠道的影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2017,25(05):87-96.
[21]王文宾,邓雯雯.逆向供应链的政府奖惩机制与税收-补贴机制比较研究[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(04):102-110.
[22]张汉江,余华英,李聪颖.闭环供应链上的回收激励契约设计与政府补贴再制造政策的优化[J].中国管理科学,2016,24(08):71-78.
[23]Ma Weimin,Zhao Zhang,Ke Hua.Dual-channel closed-loop supply chain with government consumption-subsidy[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2013,226(2):221-227.
[24]马卫民,赵璋.以旧换新补贴对具有不同等级产品闭环供应链的影响研究[J].中国管理科学,2013,21(3):113-117.
[25]李新然,吴义彪.政府“以旧换再”补贴下的差别定价闭环供应链[J].系统工程理论与实践,2015,(8):1983-1995.
[26]夏西强,朱庆华,赵森林.政府补贴下制造/再制造竞争机理研究[J].管理科学学报,2017,20(4):71-83.
[27]孙浩,叶俊,胡劲松,等.不同决策模式下制造商与再制造商的博弈策略研究[J].中国管理科学,2017,25(1):160-169.
[28]朱庆华,夏西强,李幻云.政府补贴与专利费用下制造与再制造博弈模型[J].系统工程学报,2017,32(1):8-18.
[29]周丹.我国汽车零部件再制造现状与发展研究——以发动机再制造为例[J].质量与标准化,2013,(7):56-59..
[30]问卷星.消费者汽车发动机再制造品感知价值调查问卷[EB/OL].[2014-11].http://www.sojump.com/jq/2269237.aspx.