太湖蚌类现存量及空间分布格局
|
摘要
于2016年10月和2017年10月对太湖全湖8个湖区129个样点的蚌类进行调查,分析蚌类的物种组成、现存量、空间分布及历史变化.共采集到蚌类704个个体,隶属8属14种.全湖蚌类平均生物量和密度分别为4.169±9.337 g/m~2和0.164±0.386 ind./m~2;各湖区蚌类平均生物量和密度差异较大,东部沿岸区生物量和密度最高,分别为14.975±16.743 g/m~2和0.577±0.758 ind./m~2;湖心区生物量和密度最低,仅为0.727±1.622 g/m~2和0.029±0.071 ind./m~2.扭蚌(Arconaia lanceolata)、圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)和背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana woodiana)为太湖现阶段的优势种.基于蚌类平均密度的聚类分析,8个湖区分为3类.与历史数据相比,太湖蚌类资源呈明显衰退趋势,现状不容乐观,需加强对太湖蚌类的保护和资源的有效管理.
To analyze the species composition,standing stock,spatial distribution and historical change of unionids,two investigations were carried out at 129 sites in eight areas of Lake Taihu in October 2016 and October 2017. A total of 704 unionid individuals were collected,belonging to 8 genera and 14 species. The mean biomass and density of unionids were 4.169±9.337 g/m~2and0.164±0.386 ind./m~2,respectively. The mean biomass and density differed significantly among the areas in Lake Taihu. The biomass and density were highest in eastern lakeshore area,with the values of 14.975±16.743 g/m~2 and 0.577 ± 0.758 ind./m~2,respectively. The lowest biomass and density were recorded in central area of Lake Taihu with the values of 0.727±1.622 g/m~2and0.029±0.071 ind./m~2,respectively. The Arconaia lanceolata,Unio douglasiae and Anodonta woodiana woodiana were dominant species in Lake Taihu. The eight areas of Lake Taihu were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis using mean density of unionids. Compared to historical data,the unionid resources appeared an obvious decline,which suggested an effective management and conservation of unionids in Lake Taihu be strengthened.
To analyze the species composition,standing stock,spatial distribution and historical change of unionids,two investigations were carried out at 129 sites in eight areas of Lake Taihu in October 2016 and October 2017. A total of 704 unionid individuals were collected,belonging to 8 genera and 14 species. The mean biomass and density of unionids were 4.169±9.337 g/m~2and0.164±0.386 ind./m~2,respectively. The mean biomass and density differed significantly among the areas in Lake Taihu. The biomass and density were highest in eastern lakeshore area,with the values of 14.975±16.743 g/m~2 and 0.577 ± 0.758 ind./m~2,respectively. The lowest biomass and density were recorded in central area of Lake Taihu with the values of 0.727±1.622 g/m~2and0.029±0.071 ind./m~2,respectively. The Arconaia lanceolata,Unio douglasiae and Anodonta woodiana woodiana were dominant species in Lake Taihu. The eight areas of Lake Taihu were classified into three groups based on cluster analysis using mean density of unionids. Compared to historical data,the unionid resources appeared an obvious decline,which suggested an effective management and conservation of unionids in Lake Taihu be strengthened.
引文
[1] Graf DL. Cummings KS. Review of the systematics and global diversity of freshwater mussel species(Bivalvia:Unionoida).Journal of Molluscan Studies,2007,73(4):291-314.
[2] Bogan AE. Global diversity of freshwatermussels(Mollusca,Bivalvia)in freshwater. Hydrobiologia,2008,595:139-147.
[3] Haag WR. North American freshwatermussels:Natural history,ecology,and conservation. Freshwater Biology,2012,58(5):1069-1069.
[4] Chen XB,Su YP,Liu HB et al. Active biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution level of Wulihu area,Lake Taihu using“standardized”Anodonta woodiana. J Lake Sci,2014,26(6):857-863. DOI:10.18307/2014.0607.[陈修报,苏彦平,刘洪波等.基于“标准化”背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对太湖五里湖重金属污染的主动监测.湖泊科学,2014,26(6):857-863.]
[5] Vaughn CC. Ecosystem services provided by freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia,2017,810(1):15-27.
[6] Lopes Lima M,Froufe E,Do VT et al. Phylogeny of the most species-rich freshwater bivalve family(Bivalvia:Unionida:Unionidae):Defining modern subfamilies and tribes. Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2017,106:174-191.
[7] Downing JA,Meter PV,Woolnough DA. Suspects and evidence:a review of the causes of extirpation and decline in freshwater mussels. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,2010,33(2):151-185.
[8] Sousa R,Varandas S,Teixeira A et al. Pearl mussels(Margaritifera marocana)in Morocco:Conservation status of the rarest bivalve in African fresh waters. Science of the Total Environment,2016,547:405-412.
[9] Inoue K,Berg DJ. Predicting the effects of climate change on population connectivity and genetic diversity of an imperiled freshwater mussel,Cumberlandia monodonta(Bivalvia:Margaritiferidae),in riverine systems. Global Change Biology,2017,23(1):94-107.
[10] Haag WR,Williams JD. Biodiversity on the brink:an assessment of conservation strategies for North American freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia,2014,735(1):45-60.
[11] Shu FY,Wang HJ,Pan BZ et al. Assessment of species status of Mollusca in the middle-lower Yangtze lakes. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(6):1051-1058.[舒凤月,王海军,潘保柱等.长江中下游湖泊贝类物种濒危状况评估.水生生物学报,2009,33(6):1051-1058.]
[12] Wu XP,Liang YL. Distribution of freshwater shellfish and species diversity in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. J Lake Sci,2000,12(2):111-118. DOI:10.18307/2000.0203.[吴小平,梁彦龄.长江中下游湖泊淡水贝类的分布及物种多样性.湖泊科学,2000,12(2):111-118.]
[13] Hu ZQ. The geographical distribution of Chinese endemic freshwater bivalves. Chinese Journal of zoology,2005,40(6):80-83.[胡自强.中国淡水双壳类特有种的地理分布.动物学杂志,2005,40(6):80-83.]
[14] Zieritz A,Bogan AE,Froufe E et al. Diversity,biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels(Bivalvia:Unionida)in East and Southeast Asia. Hydrobiologia,2017,810(1):1-16.
[15] Xiong LF,Ouyang S,Wu XP. Fauna and standing stock of freshwater mussel in Lake Poyang,China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,30(1):124-135.
[16] Liu YY,Zhang WZ,Wang YX. The shellfishes in Lake Taihu and its surrounding waters. Current Zoology,1980,4:80-84.[刘月英,张文珍,王跃先.太湖及其周围水域的双壳类.动物学报,1980,4:80-84.]
[17] Zhu GW. The analysis of present situation of eutrophication of Lake Taihu and its cause. J Lake Sci,2008,20(1):21-26.DOI:10.18307/2008.0103.[朱广伟.太湖富营养化现状及原因分析.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):21-26.]
[18] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu. Biodiversity Science,2010,8(1):50-59.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性.生物多样性,2010,8(1):50-59.]
[19] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. Standing crop and spatial distributional pattern of Mollusca in Lake Taihu,2006-2007. J Lake Sci,2009,21(5):713-719. DOI:10.18307/2009.0516.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖软体动物现存量及空间分布格局(2006-2007年).湖泊科学,2009,21(5):713-719.]
[20] Xu H,Cai YJ,Tang XM et al. Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Taihu Lake. J Lake Sci,2015,27(5):840-852. DOI:10.18307/2015.0510.[许浩,蔡永久,汤祥明等.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境生物评价.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):840-852.]
[21] Qin BQ,Luo LC. The analysis of evolution of ecological environment of Lake Taihu and its cause. Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(5):561-568.[秦伯强,罗潋葱.太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(5):561-568.]
[22] Chen Y,Hu XD,Zhang JH et al. Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in different regions of Lake Taihu. Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(3):38-44.[陈洋,胡晓东,张建华等.太湖不同区域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2017,38(3):38-44.]
[23] Wang Z,Wu TF,Zou H et al. Changes in seasonal characteristics of wind and wave in different regions of Lake Taihu. J Lake Sci,2016,28(1):217-224. DOI:10.18307/2016.0125.[王震,吴挺峰,邹华等.太湖不同湖区风浪的季节变化特征.湖泊科学,2016,28(1):217-224.]
[24] Cai W,Cai YJ,Gong ZJ et al. Temporal and spatial patterns of Corbicula fluminea in Lake Taihu. J Lake Sci,2010,22(5):714-722. DOI:10.18307/2010.0513.[蔡炜,蔡永久,龚志军等.太湖河蚬时空格局.湖泊科学,2010,22(5):714-722.]
[25] Qin BQ,Hu WP,Chen WM eds. The evolution process and mechanism of water environment in Lake Taihu. Beijing:Science Press,2004.[秦伯强,胡维平,陈伟民.太湖水环境演化过程与机理.北京:科学出版社,2004.]
[26] Nagayama S,Harada M,Kayaba Y. Distribution and microhabitats of freshwater mussels in waterbodies in the terrestrialized floodplains of a lowland river. Limnology,2016,17(3):1-10.
[27] Libois RM,Hallet-Libois C. The unionid mussels(Mollusca,Bivalvia)of the Belgian upper River Meuse:An assessment of the impact of hydraulic works on the river water self–purification. Biological Conservation,1987,42(2):115-132.
[28] Strayer DL,Hunter DC,Smith LC et al. Distribution,abundance and roles of freshwater clams(Bivalvia,Unionidae)in the freshwater tidal Hudson River. Freshwater Biology,1994,31:239-248.
[29] Bauer G. Plasticity in life history traits of the freshwater pearl mussel-consequences for the danger of extinction and for conservation measures. Species conservation:a population biological approach. Birkhauser Basel,1991:103-119.
[30] Balfour DL,Smock LA. Distribution,age structure,and movements of the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata(Mollusca:Unionidae)in a headwater stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1995,10(3):255-268.
[2] Bogan AE. Global diversity of freshwatermussels(Mollusca,Bivalvia)in freshwater. Hydrobiologia,2008,595:139-147.
[3] Haag WR. North American freshwatermussels:Natural history,ecology,and conservation. Freshwater Biology,2012,58(5):1069-1069.
[4] Chen XB,Su YP,Liu HB et al. Active biomonitoring of heavy metal pollution level of Wulihu area,Lake Taihu using“standardized”Anodonta woodiana. J Lake Sci,2014,26(6):857-863. DOI:10.18307/2014.0607.[陈修报,苏彦平,刘洪波等.基于“标准化”背角无齿蚌(Anodonta woodiana)对太湖五里湖重金属污染的主动监测.湖泊科学,2014,26(6):857-863.]
[5] Vaughn CC. Ecosystem services provided by freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia,2017,810(1):15-27.
[6] Lopes Lima M,Froufe E,Do VT et al. Phylogeny of the most species-rich freshwater bivalve family(Bivalvia:Unionida:Unionidae):Defining modern subfamilies and tribes. Molecular Phylogenetics&Evolution,2017,106:174-191.
[7] Downing JA,Meter PV,Woolnough DA. Suspects and evidence:a review of the causes of extirpation and decline in freshwater mussels. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation,2010,33(2):151-185.
[8] Sousa R,Varandas S,Teixeira A et al. Pearl mussels(Margaritifera marocana)in Morocco:Conservation status of the rarest bivalve in African fresh waters. Science of the Total Environment,2016,547:405-412.
[9] Inoue K,Berg DJ. Predicting the effects of climate change on population connectivity and genetic diversity of an imperiled freshwater mussel,Cumberlandia monodonta(Bivalvia:Margaritiferidae),in riverine systems. Global Change Biology,2017,23(1):94-107.
[10] Haag WR,Williams JD. Biodiversity on the brink:an assessment of conservation strategies for North American freshwater mussels. Hydrobiologia,2014,735(1):45-60.
[11] Shu FY,Wang HJ,Pan BZ et al. Assessment of species status of Mollusca in the middle-lower Yangtze lakes. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2009,33(6):1051-1058.[舒凤月,王海军,潘保柱等.长江中下游湖泊贝类物种濒危状况评估.水生生物学报,2009,33(6):1051-1058.]
[12] Wu XP,Liang YL. Distribution of freshwater shellfish and species diversity in the middle-lower reaches of Yangtze River. J Lake Sci,2000,12(2):111-118. DOI:10.18307/2000.0203.[吴小平,梁彦龄.长江中下游湖泊淡水贝类的分布及物种多样性.湖泊科学,2000,12(2):111-118.]
[13] Hu ZQ. The geographical distribution of Chinese endemic freshwater bivalves. Chinese Journal of zoology,2005,40(6):80-83.[胡自强.中国淡水双壳类特有种的地理分布.动物学杂志,2005,40(6):80-83.]
[14] Zieritz A,Bogan AE,Froufe E et al. Diversity,biogeography and conservation of freshwater mussels(Bivalvia:Unionida)in East and Southeast Asia. Hydrobiologia,2017,810(1):1-16.
[15] Xiong LF,Ouyang S,Wu XP. Fauna and standing stock of freshwater mussel in Lake Poyang,China. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2012,30(1):124-135.
[16] Liu YY,Zhang WZ,Wang YX. The shellfishes in Lake Taihu and its surrounding waters. Current Zoology,1980,4:80-84.[刘月英,张文珍,王跃先.太湖及其周围水域的双壳类.动物学报,1980,4:80-84.]
[17] Zhu GW. The analysis of present situation of eutrophication of Lake Taihu and its cause. J Lake Sci,2008,20(1):21-26.DOI:10.18307/2008.0103.[朱广伟.太湖富营养化现状及原因分析.湖泊科学,2008,20(1):21-26.]
[18] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. Community structure and diversity of macrozoobenthos in Lake Taihu. Biodiversity Science,2010,8(1):50-59.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构及多样性.生物多样性,2010,8(1):50-59.]
[19] Cai YJ,Gong ZJ,Qin BQ. Standing crop and spatial distributional pattern of Mollusca in Lake Taihu,2006-2007. J Lake Sci,2009,21(5):713-719. DOI:10.18307/2009.0516.[蔡永久,龚志军,秦伯强.太湖软体动物现存量及空间分布格局(2006-2007年).湖泊科学,2009,21(5):713-719.]
[20] Xu H,Cai YJ,Tang XM et al. Community structure of macrozoobenthos and the evaluation of water environment in Taihu Lake. J Lake Sci,2015,27(5):840-852. DOI:10.18307/2015.0510.[许浩,蔡永久,汤祥明等.太湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水环境生物评价.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):840-852.]
[21] Qin BQ,Luo LC. The analysis of evolution of ecological environment of Lake Taihu and its cause. Quaternary Sciences,2004,24(5):561-568.[秦伯强,罗潋葱.太湖生态环境演化及其原因分析.第四纪研究,2004,24(5):561-568.]
[22] Chen Y,Hu XD,Zhang JH et al. Phytoplankton community structure and its relationship with environmental factors in different regions of Lake Taihu. Journal of Hydroecology,2017,38(3):38-44.[陈洋,胡晓东,张建华等.太湖不同区域浮游植物群落结构特征及其与环境因子的关系.水生态学杂志,2017,38(3):38-44.]
[23] Wang Z,Wu TF,Zou H et al. Changes in seasonal characteristics of wind and wave in different regions of Lake Taihu. J Lake Sci,2016,28(1):217-224. DOI:10.18307/2016.0125.[王震,吴挺峰,邹华等.太湖不同湖区风浪的季节变化特征.湖泊科学,2016,28(1):217-224.]
[24] Cai W,Cai YJ,Gong ZJ et al. Temporal and spatial patterns of Corbicula fluminea in Lake Taihu. J Lake Sci,2010,22(5):714-722. DOI:10.18307/2010.0513.[蔡炜,蔡永久,龚志军等.太湖河蚬时空格局.湖泊科学,2010,22(5):714-722.]
[25] Qin BQ,Hu WP,Chen WM eds. The evolution process and mechanism of water environment in Lake Taihu. Beijing:Science Press,2004.[秦伯强,胡维平,陈伟民.太湖水环境演化过程与机理.北京:科学出版社,2004.]
[26] Nagayama S,Harada M,Kayaba Y. Distribution and microhabitats of freshwater mussels in waterbodies in the terrestrialized floodplains of a lowland river. Limnology,2016,17(3):1-10.
[27] Libois RM,Hallet-Libois C. The unionid mussels(Mollusca,Bivalvia)of the Belgian upper River Meuse:An assessment of the impact of hydraulic works on the river water self–purification. Biological Conservation,1987,42(2):115-132.
[28] Strayer DL,Hunter DC,Smith LC et al. Distribution,abundance and roles of freshwater clams(Bivalvia,Unionidae)in the freshwater tidal Hudson River. Freshwater Biology,1994,31:239-248.
[29] Bauer G. Plasticity in life history traits of the freshwater pearl mussel-consequences for the danger of extinction and for conservation measures. Species conservation:a population biological approach. Birkhauser Basel,1991:103-119.
[30] Balfour DL,Smock LA. Distribution,age structure,and movements of the freshwater mussel Elliptio complanata(Mollusca:Unionidae)in a headwater stream. Journal of Freshwater Ecology,1995,10(3):255-268.