拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及与环境因子的关系
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摘要
于2017年8月对拉萨河浮游植物群落组成、丰度、功能群以及多样性指数进行调查,利用典范对应分析法(CCA)分析浮游植物物种与水环境因子的关系。结果表明:流域种类组成以硅藻门(60.4%)为主,其次是绿藻门(20.8%),其余种类18.8%;物种平均丰度为3857cells/L,硅藻门94.6%,蓝藻门3.1%,绿藻门2.3%;种类少、丰度低是拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要特征;研究区优势种以菱形藻为主; MP、D和P是划分出来的15类功能群中的优势功能群,合计占总丰度的93%,剩余12类仅占7%; Margalef指数、Shannon-Wiener指数及Pielou's evenness指数平均值分别为1.41、1.77和0.5,单因素方差分析(ANOVA)表明三类多样性指数在各支流之间、干流与各支流之间无显著差异; CCA排序结果表明:p H、化学需氧量(CODCr)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)是影响拉萨河流域浮游植物群落结构的主要环境因子;同时,pH、TN、TP也是影响浮游植物功能群分布格局的主要因子。
An investigation was conducted on the phytoplankton community structure,abundance,functional groups,and diversity indices in the Lhasa River in August 2017; subsequently,canonical correspondence analysis( CCA) was used to study its relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that Bacillariophyta( 60. 4%) was the dominant phytoplankton,the second was Chlorophyta( 20.8%),and the remaining 18.8% was composed of a variety of species. The average abundance was 3857 cells/L; Bacillariophyta,Cyanophyta,and Chlorophytaaccounted for 94. 6%,3. 1%,and2.3%,respectively. Few species and low abundance are special characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure in the Lhasa River. The most dominant species of phytoplankton was Nitzschia sp. In total,15 types of phytoplankton functional groups were identified: MP,D,and P were dominant,comprising 93% of all groups,with other phytoplankton functional groups accounting for the remaining 7%. The diversity indices of Margalef,Shannon-Wiener,and Pielou' s evenness were1.41,1.77,and 0.5,respectively. The diversity index was not significantly different between the main stream and branches when analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. CCA indicated that the pH,chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus( TP) were the main environmental factors that influenced phytoplankton assemblages and that pH,TN,and TP were the main environmental factors that influenced the functional groups.
An investigation was conducted on the phytoplankton community structure,abundance,functional groups,and diversity indices in the Lhasa River in August 2017; subsequently,canonical correspondence analysis( CCA) was used to study its relationships with environmental factors. The results showed that Bacillariophyta( 60. 4%) was the dominant phytoplankton,the second was Chlorophyta( 20.8%),and the remaining 18.8% was composed of a variety of species. The average abundance was 3857 cells/L; Bacillariophyta,Cyanophyta,and Chlorophytaaccounted for 94. 6%,3. 1%,and2.3%,respectively. Few species and low abundance are special characteristics of the phytoplankton community structure in the Lhasa River. The most dominant species of phytoplankton was Nitzschia sp. In total,15 types of phytoplankton functional groups were identified: MP,D,and P were dominant,comprising 93% of all groups,with other phytoplankton functional groups accounting for the remaining 7%. The diversity indices of Margalef,Shannon-Wiener,and Pielou' s evenness were1.41,1.77,and 0.5,respectively. The diversity index was not significantly different between the main stream and branches when analyzed using one-way analysis of variance. CCA indicated that the pH,chemical oxygen demand( COD),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus( TP) were the main environmental factors that influenced phytoplankton assemblages and that pH,TN,and TP were the main environmental factors that influenced the functional groups.
引文
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[31]邱阳凌,林育青,刘俊杰,唐磊,关铁生,陈求稳,陈凯,王丽.淮河干流及主要支流夏季浮游植物群落生物多样性评价.环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1665-1672.
[32]刘足根,张柱,张萌,方红亚,弓晓峰.赣江流域浮游植物群落结构与功能类群划分.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):375-384.
[33]代龚圆,李杰,李林,宋立荣.滇池北部湖区浮游植物时空格局及相关环境因子.水生生物学报,2012,36(5):946-956.
[34]张才学,龚玉艳,孙省利.湛江港湾潜在赤潮生物的时空分布及其影响因素.生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1763-1770.
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[40]Zhang N N,Zang S Y.Characteristics of phytoplankton distribution for assessment of water quality in the Zhalong Wetland,China.International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2015,12(11):3657-3664.
[41]Wang H W,Xing Q C,Zhao C L,Zhao H T,Ma L,Wang Y F,Cai D B.Investigation of phytoplankton and evaluation on water quality of Taizi River in Liaoyang area.Advanced Materials Research,2014,955-959:403-406.
[42]江源,王博,杨浩春,刘全儒,周云龙.东江干流浮游植物群落结构特征及与水质的关系.生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1700-1705.
[43]王超,李新辉,赖子尼,曾艳艺,高原,刘乾甫,杨婉玲.珠三角河网浮游植物生物量的时空特征.生态学报,2013,33(18):5835-5847.
[44]韩欢欢,范亚文.黑龙江省安兴湿地秋季浮游植物群落结构.湖泊科学,2012,24(4):577-585.
[45]游亮,崔莉凤,刘载文,杨斌,黄振芳.藻类生长过程中DO、pH与叶绿素相关性分析.环境科学与技术,2007,30(9):42-44.
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[2]Fathi A A,Flower R J.Water quality and phytoplankton communities in Lake Qarun(Egypt).Aquatic Sciences,2005,67(3):350-362.
[3]陈朝述,李俊,陈孟林,于方明,邓华,周振明.桂林市4个城中湖泊夏季浮游植物群落结构与水质评价.水生态学杂志,2015,36(3):25-30.
[4]Lepist9 L,Holopainen A L,Vuoristo H.Type-specific and indicator taxa of phytoplankton as a quality criterion for assessing the ecological status of Finnish boreal lakes.Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,2004,34(3):236-248.
[5]唐涛,蔡庆华,刘建康.河流生态系统健康及其评价.应用生态学报,2002,13(9):1191-1194.
[6]Horne A J,Goldman C R.Limnology.2nd ed.New York:Mc Graw Hill Companies,1994:226-264.
[7]谭香,夏小玲,程晓莉,张全发.丹江口水库浮游植物群落时空动态及其多样性指数.环境科学,2011,32(10):2875-2882.
[8]Pramanik S,Gani A,Alfasane A,Khondker M.Seasonality of phytoplankton and their relationship with some environmental factors in a pond of old Dhaka.Bangladesh Journal of Botany,2016,45(1):195-201.
[9]周宇建,张永勇,花瑞祥,左其亭,陈豪.淮河中上游浮游植物时空分布特征及关键环境影响因子识别.地理研究,2016,35(9):1626-1636.
[10]Koch R W,Guelda D L,Bukaveckas P A.Phytoplankton growth in the Ohio,cumberland and Tennessee Rivers,USA:inter-site differences in light and nutrient limitation.Aquatic Ecology,2004,38(1):17-26.
[11]周振明,陈朝述,刘可慧,李俊,陈孟林,蒋瑜,于方明.漓江桂林市区段夏季浮游植物群落特征与水质评价.生态环境学报,2014,23(4):649-656.
[12]张军燕,高志,沈红保,李瑞娇,余斌.拉萨河春季浮游生物群落结构特征研究.淡水渔业,2017,47(4):23-28+62.
[13]吕永磊,郝世鑫,王宠,孙东方,王晓通,刘海平,商鹏.拉萨河源头水域中浮游生物、鱼类资源调查与分析.海洋与湖沼,2016,47(2):407-413.
[14]胡鸿钧,魏印心.中国淡水藻类---系统、分类及生态.北京:科学出版社,2006.
[15]周凤霞,陈剑虹.淡水微型生物图谱.北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[16]中国科学院青藏高原综合科学考察队.西藏藻类.北京:科学出版社,1992.
[17]王丽,魏伟,周平,李杨,孙庆业.铜陵市河流冬季浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.应用生态学报,2013,24(1):243-250.
[18]国家环境保护总局.水和废水监测分析方法(第四版).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[19]Belaoussoff S,Kevan P G,Murphy S,Swanton C.Assessing tillage disturbance on assemblages of ground beetles(Coleoptera:carabidae)by using a range of ecological indices.Biodiversity&Conservation,2003,12(5):851-882.
[20]Lampitt R S,Wishner K F,Turley C M,Angel M V.Marine snow studies in the northeast Atlantic:distribution,composition and role as a food source for migrating plankton.Marine Biology,1993,116(4):689-702.
[21]Reynolds C S,Huszar V,Kruk C,Naselli-Flores L,Melo S.Towards a functional classification of the freshwater phytoplankton.Journal of Plankton Research,2002,24(5):417-428.
[22]Padisák J,Crossetti L O,Naselli-Flores L.Use and misuse in the application of the phytoplankton functional classification:a critical review with updates.Hydrobiologia,2009,621(1):1-19.
[23]Lopes M R M,de M Bicudo C E,Ferragut M C.Short term spatial and temporal variation of phytoplankton in a shallow tropical oligotrophic reservoir,southeast Brazil.Hydrobiologia,2005,542(1):235-247.
[24]Muylaert K,Sabbe K,Vyverman W.Spatial and temporal dynamics of phytoplankton communities in a freshwater tidal estuary(Schelde,Belgium).Estuarine,Coastal and Shelf Science,2000,50(5):673-687.
[25]张金屯.数量生态学(第二版).北京:科学出版社,2011:162.
[26]Rundle S D,Jenkins A,Ormerod S J.Macroinvertebrate communities in streams in the Himalaya,Nepal.Freshwater Biology,1993,30(1):169-180.
[27]Ao M,Alfred J R B,Gupta A.Studies on some lotic systems in the north eastern hill region of India.Limnologica-Ecology and Management of Inland Waters,1984,15(1):135-141.
[28]Suren A M.Macroinvertebrate communities of streams in western Nepal:effects of altitude and land use.Freshwater Biology,1994,32(2):323-336.
[29]张军燕.玛曲至湖口段黄河干流浮游生物群落结构特征研究[D].西安:西北大学,2009.
[30]朱为菊,庞婉婷,尤庆敏,王全喜.淮河流域春季浮游植物群落结构特征及其水质评价.湖泊科学,2017,29(3):637-645.
[31]邱阳凌,林育青,刘俊杰,唐磊,关铁生,陈求稳,陈凯,王丽.淮河干流及主要支流夏季浮游植物群落生物多样性评价.环境科学学报,2018,38(4):1665-1672.
[32]刘足根,张柱,张萌,方红亚,弓晓峰.赣江流域浮游植物群落结构与功能类群划分.长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(3):375-384.
[33]代龚圆,李杰,李林,宋立荣.滇池北部湖区浮游植物时空格局及相关环境因子.水生生物学报,2012,36(5):946-956.
[34]张才学,龚玉艳,孙省利.湛江港湾潜在赤潮生物的时空分布及其影响因素.生态学杂志,2012,31(7):1763-1770.
[35]吴卫菊,杨凯,汪志聪,李根保,刘永定.云贵高原渔洞水库浮游植物群落结构及季节演替.水生态学杂志,2012,33(2):69-75.
[36]张云,马徐发,郭飞飞,李建柱,熊邦喜.湖北金沙河水库浮游植物群落结构及其与水环境因子的关系.湖泊科学,2015,27(5):902-910.
[37]苟婷,许振成,李杰,马千里,王丽,赵学敏,梁荣昌,郭俊成.珠江流域西江支流贺江浮游藻类群落特征及水质分析.湖泊科学,2015,27(3):412-420.
[38]刘建康.高级水生生物学.北京:科学出版社,1999:176-198.
[39]杨敏,张晟,刘朔孺.草街水库蓄水后嘉陵江浮游植物群落特征及水质评价.环境科学,2015,36(7):2480-2486.
[40]Zhang N N,Zang S Y.Characteristics of phytoplankton distribution for assessment of water quality in the Zhalong Wetland,China.International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology,2015,12(11):3657-3664.
[41]Wang H W,Xing Q C,Zhao C L,Zhao H T,Ma L,Wang Y F,Cai D B.Investigation of phytoplankton and evaluation on water quality of Taizi River in Liaoyang area.Advanced Materials Research,2014,955-959:403-406.
[42]江源,王博,杨浩春,刘全儒,周云龙.东江干流浮游植物群落结构特征及与水质的关系.生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1700-1705.
[43]王超,李新辉,赖子尼,曾艳艺,高原,刘乾甫,杨婉玲.珠三角河网浮游植物生物量的时空特征.生态学报,2013,33(18):5835-5847.
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