塔里木盆地温宿凸起油气勘探突破及启示
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摘要
塔里木盆地温宿凸起2017年新钻探的新温地1井、新温地2井两口井均获高产工业油流,通过对两口井钻井资料、试油资料、地球化学及测井资料研究,以及研究区野外剖面实测、二维地震资料处理与精细解释、沉积与成藏史分析等研究,明确了温宿凸起区烃源条件与运移通道、储盖条件与圈闭类型,建立了温宿凸起区的成藏模式。温宿凸起不发育烃源岩,但发育沟通生烃凹陷的高效输导体系;受控于温宿凸起新近纪宽缓的古地貌条件,新近系吉迪克组发育三角洲相和滨浅湖滩坝相砂体,并形成了大面积分布的构造-岩性圈闭;油气的生成、运移和聚集主要发生在新近纪—第四纪,具有明显的晚期复式成藏特点。塔里木盆地盆缘带等烃源岩和构造类圈闭不发育的地区,同样可以形成规模油气区,寻找高效的油气运移输导路径和地层-岩性等隐蔽型圈闭是有效的油气勘探途径及方向。
Both the XWD1 and XWD2 wells drilled in 2017 in the Wensu salient, northwest Tarim Basin have achieved high-yield industrial oil flow. Based on the comprehensive research on drilling, oil testing, geochemistry and logging data, in combination with the field surveys, 2D seismic data processing and interpretation as well as sedimentation and accumulation history comparison, we carefully compared the source conditions, migration channels, reservoir-cap distribution and trapping types in the Wensu salient, and subsequently constructed a reservoir-forming pattern. Though the Wensu salient is lack of source rocks, some drainage systems were widely developed and efficiently connected to adjacent fertile depressions. Due to the moderate Miocene paleogeomorphic conditions in the Wensu salient, the delta and shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar sandy bodies were developed within the Jidike formation, and consequently form widely distributed structural-lithologic traps. The hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation mainly happened in the Neogene-Quaternary period, which suggests that the reservoir-forming pattern should be characterized as late-period and compound accumulation. It suggests that, although the border belts in the Tarim Basin might be short of source rocks and structural traps, they are potential to accumulate hydrocarbon in a large scale; the description of efficient hydrocarbon migration channels and structural-lithologic traps is crucial for any successful exploration.
Both the XWD1 and XWD2 wells drilled in 2017 in the Wensu salient, northwest Tarim Basin have achieved high-yield industrial oil flow. Based on the comprehensive research on drilling, oil testing, geochemistry and logging data, in combination with the field surveys, 2D seismic data processing and interpretation as well as sedimentation and accumulation history comparison, we carefully compared the source conditions, migration channels, reservoir-cap distribution and trapping types in the Wensu salient, and subsequently constructed a reservoir-forming pattern. Though the Wensu salient is lack of source rocks, some drainage systems were widely developed and efficiently connected to adjacent fertile depressions. Due to the moderate Miocene paleogeomorphic conditions in the Wensu salient, the delta and shore-shallow lacustrine beach bar sandy bodies were developed within the Jidike formation, and consequently form widely distributed structural-lithologic traps. The hydrocarbon generation, migration and accumulation mainly happened in the Neogene-Quaternary period, which suggests that the reservoir-forming pattern should be characterized as late-period and compound accumulation. It suggests that, although the border belts in the Tarim Basin might be short of source rocks and structural traps, they are potential to accumulate hydrocarbon in a large scale; the description of efficient hydrocarbon migration channels and structural-lithologic traps is crucial for any successful exploration.
引文
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[2]贾承造,魏国齐,姚慧君,等.塔里木盆地油气勘探丛书:盆地构造演化与区域构造地质[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.JIA Chengzao,WEI Guoqi,YAO Huijun,et al.Oil and gas exploration books in Tarim Basin-tectonic evolution and regional structural geology[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[3]何登发,孙方原,何金有,等.温宿北-野云沟断裂的构造几何学与运动学特征及塔北隆起的成因机制[J].中国地质,2011,38(4):917-933.HE Dengfa,SUN Fangyuan,HE Jinyou,et al.Geometry and kinematics of Wensubei-Yeyungou fault and its implication for the genetic mechanism of North Tarim uplift[J].Geology in China,2011,38(4):917-933.
[4]贾承造,周新源,王招明,等.克拉2气田石油地质特征[J].科学通报,2002,47(增刊):91-96.JIA Chengzao,ZHOU Xinyuan,WANG Zhaoming,et al.Petroleum geology characteristics of Kela2 gas field[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2002,47(Supp.):91-96.
[5]王招明,谢会文,李勇,等.库车前陆冲段带深层盐下大气田的勘探和发现[J].中国石油勘探,2013,18(3):1-11.WANG Zhaoming,XIE Huiwen,LI Yong,et al.Exploration and discovery of large and deep subsalt gas fields in Kuqa foreland thrust belt[J].China Petroleum Exploration,2013,18(3):1-11.
[6]吕修祥,金之钧,周新源,等.塔里木盆地乌什凹陷温宿凸起油气勘探前景[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2006,30(1):17-25.LYU Xiuxiang,JIN Zhijun,ZHOU Xinyuan,et al.Oil and gas exploration prospect in Wushi sag and Wensu uplift of Tarim Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2006,30(1):17-25.
[7]席勤,余和中,顾乔元,等.塔里木盆地阿瓦提凹陷主力烃源岩探讨及油源对比[J].大庆石油地质与开发,2016,35(1):12-18.XI Qin,YU Hezhong,GU Qiaoyuan,et al.Main hydrocarbon source rocks and contrasts for Awati Sag in Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Geology and Oilfield Development in Daqing,2016,35(1):12-18
[8]高志勇,张水昌,李建军,等.塔里木盆地西部中上奥陶统萨尔干页岩与印干页岩的空间展布与沉积环境[J].古地理学报,2010,12(5):599-608.GAO Zhiyong,ZHANG Shuichang,LI Jianjun,et al.Distribution and sedimentary environments of Saergan and Yingshan shales of the Middle-Uppler Ordovician in western Tarim Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2010,12(5):599-608.
[9]张水昌,高志勇,李建军,等.塔里木盆地寒武系-奥陶系海相烃源岩识别与分布预测[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(3):285-293.ZHANG Shuichang,GAO Zhiyong,LI Jianjun,et al.Identification and distribution of marine hydrocarbon source rocks in the Ordovician and Cambrian of the Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(3):285-293.
[10]胡文海,陈冬晴.美国油气田分布规律和勘探经验[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.HU Wenhai,CHEN Dongqing.The oilfields distribution and exploration experiences in the USA[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.
[11]王坤,任新城,鲁卫华,等.准噶尔盆地车排子凸起新近系沙湾组油藏特征及成藏主控因素[J].地质通报,2017,36(4):547-554.WANG Kun,REN Xincheng,LU Weihua,et al.Characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation controlling factors of Neogene Shawan Formation reservoir in Chepaizi uplift,Junggar Basin[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2017,36(4):547-554.
[12]杨元亮,朱筱敏,马瑞国,等.准噶尔盆地新春地区新近系油气富集规律[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):20-29.YANG Yuanliang,ZHU Xiaomin,MA Ruiguo,et al.Hydrocarbon accumulation rules of Neogene in Xinchun area,Junggar Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):20-29.
[13]沈朴.埕岛地区中浅层河流相砂体输导性研究:以渤海海域埕岛地区新近系为例[J].石油地质与工程,2018,32(1):41-45.SHEN Pu.Migration performance of fluvial sand body in middle-shallow layers of Chengdao district[J].Petroleum Geology and Engineering,2018,32(1):41-45.
[14]崔军文,唐哲民.塔里木盆地构造格架和构造应力场分析[J].岩石学报,2011,27(1):231-242.CUI Junwen,TANG Zhemin.Tectonic framework of the Tarim basinand its tectonic stress field analysis[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(1):231-242.
[15]何登发,白武明,孟庆任,等.塔里木盆地地球动力学演化与含油气系统旋回[J].地球物理学报,1998,4(增刊):77-87.HE Dengfa,BAI Wuming,MENG Qingren,et al.Geodynamic evolutionand petroleum system cycle in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Geophysical Sinica,1998,4(Supp.):77-87.
[16]贾承造.中国中西部前陆冲断带构造特征与天然气富集规律[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(4):9-15.JIA Chengzao.Foreland thrust-fold belt features and gas accumulation in Midwest China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(4):9-15.
[17]贾承造,何登发,陆洁民.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):121-125.JIA Chengzao,HE Dengfa,LU Jiemin.Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2004,25(2):121-125.
[18]汤良杰,漆立新,邱海峻,等.塔里木盆地断裂构造分期差异活动及其变形机理[J].岩石学报,2012,28(8):2569-2583.TANG Liangjie,QI Lixin,QIU Haijun,et al.Poly-phase differential fault movement and hydrocarbon accumulation of the Tarim Basin,NW China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2012,28(8):2569-2583.
[19]苗继军,贾承造,戴金星,等.南天山前陆冲断带中段乌什-温宿地区构造分析与油气成藏[J].天然气地球科学,2005,16(4):428-432.MIAO Jijun,JIA Chengzao,DAI Jinxing,et al.Structural analysis and hydrocarbon formation history of Wushi-Wensu Area in the Mid-south Tianshan foreland thrust belt[J].Natural Gas Geoscience,2005,16(4):428-432.
[20]郑民,彭更新,雷刚林,等.库车坳陷乌什凹陷构造样式及对油气的控制[J].石油勘探与开发,2008,35(4):444-451.ZHEN Min,PENG Gengxin,LEI Ganglin,et al.Structural pattern and its control on hydrocarbon accumulations in Wushi Sag,Kuche Depression,Tarim Basin[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2008,35(4):444-451.
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