利用地磁台站数据和站间传递函数估算长周期大地电磁测深的本地阻抗
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摘要
大地电磁测深的有效信号为天然电磁场,容易受到人文电磁噪声干扰,如何提高大地电磁资料的信噪比,已经成为制约大地电磁应用和发展的一个重要因素.本文利用地磁台站数据,首先将地磁台站数据转化为长周期大地电磁测深所采集的磁场数据格式,利用远参考方法估算长周期大地电磁测点与地磁台站之间的站间传递函数,包括长周期大地电磁测点电场与地磁台站水平磁场之间的拟阻抗,以及长周期大地电磁测点水平磁场与地磁台站水平磁场之间的水平磁场传递函数,将拟阻抗与水平磁场传递函数相乘便可以得到长周期大地电磁测点本地阻抗的无偏估计.实测数据处理结果表明,该方法可以提高本地阻抗估算的数据质量,减小阻抗估算误差.
Magnetotelluric(MT) is a passive geophysical method, and acquires natural electric and magnetic field. The MT data can be easily interfered by man-made electromagnetic noise. How to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the MT data, has become a challenge for development and application of the method. In this paper, two inter-station transfer functions including the quasi-impedance which related horizontal electric field of LMT between horizontal geomagnetic field,and the horizontal magnetic tensor which related horizontal magnetic field of LMT between horizontal magnetic field are estimated by using remote reference method. Local impedance of LMT can be achieved by using quasi-impedance and horizontal magnetic tensor. The results of real data show that this method can effectively improve the quality of data and reduce statistical error.
Magnetotelluric(MT) is a passive geophysical method, and acquires natural electric and magnetic field. The MT data can be easily interfered by man-made electromagnetic noise. How to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the MT data, has become a challenge for development and application of the method. In this paper, two inter-station transfer functions including the quasi-impedance which related horizontal electric field of LMT between horizontal geomagnetic field,and the horizontal magnetic tensor which related horizontal magnetic field of LMT between horizontal magnetic field are estimated by using remote reference method. Local impedance of LMT can be achieved by using quasi-impedance and horizontal magnetic tensor. The results of real data show that this method can effectively improve the quality of data and reduce statistical error.
引文
Cagniard L.1953.Basic Theory of the Magneto-telluric Method of Geophysical Prospecting [J]. Geophysics,18(3): 605- 635.
Campanyà J.,Juanjo L.,Pilar Q.,et al. 2014. A New Methodology to Estimate Magnetotelluric(MT) Tensor Relationships: Estimation of Local Transfer-Functions by Combining Interstation Transfer-Fucntion(ELICIT) [J]. Geophysical Journal International,198(1): 484- 494.
Egbert G.D. 1997. Robust Multiple-station Magnetotelluric Data Processing [J]. Geophysical Journal International,130(12): 475- 496.
Egbert G.D.,Booker J.R. 1986. Robust Estimation of Geomagnetic Transfer Functions [J]. Geophysical Journal International,87(1): 173-194.
Egbert G.D.,Kelbert A.2012. Computational recipes for electromagnetic inverse problems [J]. Geophysical Journal International,189(1): 251-267.
Gamble T.D.,Goubau W.M.,Clarke J. 1979a. Magnetotellurics with a Remote Magnetic Reference [J]. Geophysics,44(1): 53- 68.
Gamble T.D.,Goubau W.M.,Clarke J.1979b. Error Analysis for Remote Reference Magnetotellurics [J]. Geophysics,44(5): 959-968.
Garcia X.,Jones A.G. 2005. Electromagnetic image of the Trans-Hudson orogen: THO94 transect [J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,42(4): 479- 493.
Hu Z Z,Hu X Y. 2005. Review of Three Dimensional Magnetotelluric inversion methods [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese). 20(1): 214-220,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.037.胡祖志,胡祥云. 2005. 大地电磁三维反演方法综述[J]. 地球物理学进展. 20(1): 214-220,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.037.
Jones A.G.,Chave A.D.,Egbert G.,et al. 1989. A comparison of techniques for magnetotelluric response function estimation [J]. Geophysical Journal of International. 94(B10): 14201-14213.
Kelbert A.,Meqbel N.,Egbert G. D.,et al. 2014. ModEM: A modular system for inversion of electromagnetic geophysical data [J]. Computers & Geosciences,66(66): 40-53.
Larsen J.C.,Mackie R.L.,Manzella A.,et al.1996. Robust Smooth Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions [J]. Geophysical Journal of International,124(3): 801-819.
Lu X B. 1995. Application of magnetotelluric Sounding to Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Tarim Basin [J]. Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),30(6): 788-796.鲁新便. 1995. 大地电磁测深在塔里木盆地油气勘探中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探. 30(6): 788-796.
Muňoz G,Ritter O. 2013. Pseudo-remote Reference Processing of Magnetotelluric Data: a Fast and Efficient Data Acquisition Scheme for Local arrays [J]. Geophysical Prospecting,61(s1): 300-316.
Sims W. E.,Bostick F. X.,Smith H. W. 1971. The Estimation of Magnetotelluric Impedance Tensor Elements From Measured Data [J]. Geophysics,36(5): 938-942.
Tang J T,Xu Z M,Xiao X,et al. 2012. Effect Rules of Strong Noise on Magnetotelluric(MT) Sounding in the Luzong Ore Cluster Area [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),55(12): 4147- 4159,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.027.汤井田,徐志敏,肖晓,等. 2012. 庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深强噪声的影响规律[J]. 地球物理学报,55(12): 4147- 4159,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.027.
Varentsov Iv. M. & EMTESZ-Pomerania Working Group. 2006. Method of horizontal magnetovariational sounding: Techniques and applications in the EMTESZ-Pomerania project. In O. Ritter and H. Brasse,editors,Protokoll ¨ uber das 21. Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung,pages 111-123,Haus Wohldenberg,Holle,ISSN 0946-7467.
Wang H.,Campanyà J.,Cheng J.,et al. 2017. Synthesis of Natural Electric and Magnetic Time-series Using Inter-station Transfer Functions and Time-series From a Neighboring Site (STIN): Applications for Processing MT Data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,122(8): 5835-5851.
Wang H,Wei W B,Jin S,et al. 2014. Removal of Magnetotelluric Noise Based on Synchronous Time Series Relationship [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese). 57(2): 531-545,doi: 10.6038/cjg20140218.王辉,魏文博,金胜,等. 2014. 基于同步大地电磁时间序列依赖关系的噪声处理[J]. 地球物理学报,57(2): 531-545,doi: 10.6038/cjg20140218.
WANG Hui,XU Tao-tao,LUO Jing-cheng,et al. 2018. Remote reference processing of long period magnetotelluric data based on geomagnetic data[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),33(6):2270-2277,doi:10.6038/pg2018BB0446.王辉,许滔滔,罗景程,等. 2018. 基于地磁台网数据的长周期大地电磁数据远参考处理[J]. 地球物理学进展,33(6):2270-2277,doi:10.6038/pg2018BB0446.
Wang H,Ye G F,Wei W B. 2010. The design and implementation of non-polarizable Pb-PbCl2 eletrodes [J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese). 31(3): 115-120.王辉,叶高峰,魏文博. 2010. Pb-PbCl2不极化电极的设计与实现[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,31(3): 115-120.
Wang H,Ye G F,Wei W B,et al. 2013. High-precision acquisition technology of telluric field on magnetotellurics [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),28(3): 1199-1207,doi: 10.6038/pg20130311.王辉,叶高峰,魏文博,等. 2013. 大地电磁测深中大地电场的高精度采集技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(3): 1199-1207,doi: 10.6038/pg20130311.
Wang N,Zhao S S,Hui J,et al. 2016. Three-dimensional Audio Magnetotelluric Sounding of Coal-bed Methane Reservoirs in Southern Qinshui Basin [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(6): 2664-2676,doi: 10.6038/pg20160642.王楠,赵姗姗,惠健,等. 2016. 沁水盆地南部煤层气藏三维音频大地电磁探测[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(6): 2664-2676,doi: 10.6038/pg20160642.
Wei W B,Unsworth M.,Jones A.,et al. 2001. Detection of Widespread Fluids in the Tibetan Crust By Magnetotelluric Studies [J]. Science,292(5517): 716-719.
Ye G F,Wang H,Guo Z Q,et al. 2013. Data Acquisition and Processing Technology of Long-period Magnetotellurics [J]. Progress in Geophysics. (in Chinese),28(3): 1219-1226,doi: 10.6038/pg20130313.叶高峰,王辉,郭泽秋. 2013. 长周期大地电磁测深数据采集及处理技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(3): 1219-1226,doi: 10.6038/pg20130313.
Zhang J,Huang S P,Fu R,et al. 2017. Application of magnetotellurics in geothermal exploration and research in volcano areas [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica (in Chinese),33(1): 279-290.张炯,黄少鹏,傅饶,等. 2017. 大地电磁测深在火山区地热研究中的应用[J]. 岩石学报,33(1): 279-290.
Zhang L T,Jin S,Wei W B,et al. 2015. Lithospheric Electrical Structure of South China Imaged By Magnetotelluric Data and Its Tectonic Implications [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,98(0): 178-187.
Zhang L T,Jin S,Wei W B,et al. 2012. Electrical Structure of Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),55(12): 4126- 4137,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.025.张乐天,金胜,魏文博,等. 2012. 青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的壳幔导电性结构研究[J]. 地球物理学报,55(12): 4126- 4137,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.025.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Wang L F. 2008. Electromagnetic Prospecting Evidence of the “Pipe Flow” Layer on The Eastern Margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),53(3): 345-350.赵国泽,陈小斌,王立凤,等. 2008. 青藏高原东边缘地壳“管流”层的电磁探测证据[J]. 科学通报,53(3): 345-350.
Campanyà J.,Juanjo L.,Pilar Q.,et al. 2014. A New Methodology to Estimate Magnetotelluric(MT) Tensor Relationships: Estimation of Local Transfer-Functions by Combining Interstation Transfer-Fucntion(ELICIT) [J]. Geophysical Journal International,198(1): 484- 494.
Egbert G.D. 1997. Robust Multiple-station Magnetotelluric Data Processing [J]. Geophysical Journal International,130(12): 475- 496.
Egbert G.D.,Booker J.R. 1986. Robust Estimation of Geomagnetic Transfer Functions [J]. Geophysical Journal International,87(1): 173-194.
Egbert G.D.,Kelbert A.2012. Computational recipes for electromagnetic inverse problems [J]. Geophysical Journal International,189(1): 251-267.
Gamble T.D.,Goubau W.M.,Clarke J. 1979a. Magnetotellurics with a Remote Magnetic Reference [J]. Geophysics,44(1): 53- 68.
Gamble T.D.,Goubau W.M.,Clarke J.1979b. Error Analysis for Remote Reference Magnetotellurics [J]. Geophysics,44(5): 959-968.
Garcia X.,Jones A.G. 2005. Electromagnetic image of the Trans-Hudson orogen: THO94 transect [J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences,42(4): 479- 493.
Hu Z Z,Hu X Y. 2005. Review of Three Dimensional Magnetotelluric inversion methods [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese). 20(1): 214-220,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.037.胡祖志,胡祥云. 2005. 大地电磁三维反演方法综述[J]. 地球物理学进展. 20(1): 214-220,doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.01.037.
Jones A.G.,Chave A.D.,Egbert G.,et al. 1989. A comparison of techniques for magnetotelluric response function estimation [J]. Geophysical Journal of International. 94(B10): 14201-14213.
Kelbert A.,Meqbel N.,Egbert G. D.,et al. 2014. ModEM: A modular system for inversion of electromagnetic geophysical data [J]. Computers & Geosciences,66(66): 40-53.
Larsen J.C.,Mackie R.L.,Manzella A.,et al.1996. Robust Smooth Magnetotelluric Transfer Functions [J]. Geophysical Journal of International,124(3): 801-819.
Lu X B. 1995. Application of magnetotelluric Sounding to Hydrocarbon Exploration in the Tarim Basin [J]. Petroleum Geophysical Prospecting (in Chinese),30(6): 788-796.鲁新便. 1995. 大地电磁测深在塔里木盆地油气勘探中的应用[J]. 石油地球物理勘探. 30(6): 788-796.
Muňoz G,Ritter O. 2013. Pseudo-remote Reference Processing of Magnetotelluric Data: a Fast and Efficient Data Acquisition Scheme for Local arrays [J]. Geophysical Prospecting,61(s1): 300-316.
Sims W. E.,Bostick F. X.,Smith H. W. 1971. The Estimation of Magnetotelluric Impedance Tensor Elements From Measured Data [J]. Geophysics,36(5): 938-942.
Tang J T,Xu Z M,Xiao X,et al. 2012. Effect Rules of Strong Noise on Magnetotelluric(MT) Sounding in the Luzong Ore Cluster Area [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),55(12): 4147- 4159,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.027.汤井田,徐志敏,肖晓,等. 2012. 庐枞矿集区大地电磁测深强噪声的影响规律[J]. 地球物理学报,55(12): 4147- 4159,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.027.
Varentsov Iv. M. & EMTESZ-Pomerania Working Group. 2006. Method of horizontal magnetovariational sounding: Techniques and applications in the EMTESZ-Pomerania project. In O. Ritter and H. Brasse,editors,Protokoll ¨ uber das 21. Kolloquium Elektromagnetische Tiefenforschung,pages 111-123,Haus Wohldenberg,Holle,ISSN 0946-7467.
Wang H.,Campanyà J.,Cheng J.,et al. 2017. Synthesis of Natural Electric and Magnetic Time-series Using Inter-station Transfer Functions and Time-series From a Neighboring Site (STIN): Applications for Processing MT Data [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth,122(8): 5835-5851.
Wang H,Wei W B,Jin S,et al. 2014. Removal of Magnetotelluric Noise Based on Synchronous Time Series Relationship [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese). 57(2): 531-545,doi: 10.6038/cjg20140218.王辉,魏文博,金胜,等. 2014. 基于同步大地电磁时间序列依赖关系的噪声处理[J]. 地球物理学报,57(2): 531-545,doi: 10.6038/cjg20140218.
WANG Hui,XU Tao-tao,LUO Jing-cheng,et al. 2018. Remote reference processing of long period magnetotelluric data based on geomagnetic data[J].Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),33(6):2270-2277,doi:10.6038/pg2018BB0446.王辉,许滔滔,罗景程,等. 2018. 基于地磁台网数据的长周期大地电磁数据远参考处理[J]. 地球物理学进展,33(6):2270-2277,doi:10.6038/pg2018BB0446.
Wang H,Ye G F,Wei W B. 2010. The design and implementation of non-polarizable Pb-PbCl2 eletrodes [J]. Seismological and Geomagnetic Observation and Research (in Chinese). 31(3): 115-120.王辉,叶高峰,魏文博. 2010. Pb-PbCl2不极化电极的设计与实现[J]. 地震地磁观测与研究,31(3): 115-120.
Wang H,Ye G F,Wei W B,et al. 2013. High-precision acquisition technology of telluric field on magnetotellurics [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),28(3): 1199-1207,doi: 10.6038/pg20130311.王辉,叶高峰,魏文博,等. 2013. 大地电磁测深中大地电场的高精度采集技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(3): 1199-1207,doi: 10.6038/pg20130311.
Wang N,Zhao S S,Hui J,et al. 2016. Three-dimensional Audio Magnetotelluric Sounding of Coal-bed Methane Reservoirs in Southern Qinshui Basin [J]. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese),31(6): 2664-2676,doi: 10.6038/pg20160642.王楠,赵姗姗,惠健,等. 2016. 沁水盆地南部煤层气藏三维音频大地电磁探测[J]. 地球物理学进展,31(6): 2664-2676,doi: 10.6038/pg20160642.
Wei W B,Unsworth M.,Jones A.,et al. 2001. Detection of Widespread Fluids in the Tibetan Crust By Magnetotelluric Studies [J]. Science,292(5517): 716-719.
Ye G F,Wang H,Guo Z Q,et al. 2013. Data Acquisition and Processing Technology of Long-period Magnetotellurics [J]. Progress in Geophysics. (in Chinese),28(3): 1219-1226,doi: 10.6038/pg20130313.叶高峰,王辉,郭泽秋. 2013. 长周期大地电磁测深数据采集及处理技术[J]. 地球物理学进展,28(3): 1219-1226,doi: 10.6038/pg20130313.
Zhang J,Huang S P,Fu R,et al. 2017. Application of magnetotellurics in geothermal exploration and research in volcano areas [J]. Acta Petrologica Sinica (in Chinese),33(1): 279-290.张炯,黄少鹏,傅饶,等. 2017. 大地电磁测深在火山区地热研究中的应用[J]. 岩石学报,33(1): 279-290.
Zhang L T,Jin S,Wei W B,et al. 2015. Lithospheric Electrical Structure of South China Imaged By Magnetotelluric Data and Its Tectonic Implications [J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,98(0): 178-187.
Zhang L T,Jin S,Wei W B,et al. 2012. Electrical Structure of Crust and Upper Mantle Beneath the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese),55(12): 4126- 4137,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.025.张乐天,金胜,魏文博,等. 2012. 青藏高原东缘及四川盆地的壳幔导电性结构研究[J]. 地球物理学报,55(12): 4126- 4137,doi: 10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.12.025.
Zhao G Z,Chen X B,Wang L F. 2008. Electromagnetic Prospecting Evidence of the “Pipe Flow” Layer on The Eastern Margin of the Qinghai Tibet Plateau [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese),53(3): 345-350.赵国泽,陈小斌,王立凤,等. 2008. 青藏高原东边缘地壳“管流”层的电磁探测证据[J]. 科学通报,53(3): 345-350.