电动汽车充换放储一体化电站选址定容
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摘要
根据EV分布特点建立EV时空负荷模型,对多场景EV时空负荷进行预测,以此作为选址定容基础。建立充换放储一体化电站选址定容的双层规划模型,计及电网投资和运行的经济性,上层规划对一体站进行优化选址;下层规划以EV实际行驶路径最短为目标进行一体站服务范围的划分,并将各站负荷返回给上层实现优化定容。结合粒子群算法和迪克斯特拉算法求解含最短路径的复杂非线性多约束优化的双层规划问题。算例验证表明,EV时空负荷模型和一体站选址定容双层规划模型具有可行性和有效性。
According to the characteristics of EV distribution, the EV space-time load model was established, and the multi-scene EV space-time load was predicted, which was used as the basis for site selection and volume. The locating and sizing bi-level planning model of the charging-swapping-dischargingstorage integrated station(CSDSIS) was established. The upper level planning took into account of the economics of grid investment and operation, and optimized the location of the CSDSIS, and the lower level planning optimized the service range of the CSDSIS with the shortest EV actual driving path, and returned the load of each CSDSIS to the upper level planning to optimal size. The integrated particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithm were used to solve the bi-level programming problem of complex nonlinear multi-constraint optimization with the shortest path. The example verification shows that the EV space-time load model and locating and sizing bi-level planning model of the CSDSIS are feasible and effective.
According to the characteristics of EV distribution, the EV space-time load model was established, and the multi-scene EV space-time load was predicted, which was used as the basis for site selection and volume. The locating and sizing bi-level planning model of the charging-swapping-dischargingstorage integrated station(CSDSIS) was established. The upper level planning took into account of the economics of grid investment and operation, and optimized the location of the CSDSIS, and the lower level planning optimized the service range of the CSDSIS with the shortest EV actual driving path, and returned the load of each CSDSIS to the upper level planning to optimal size. The integrated particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm and Dijkstra's algorithm were used to solve the bi-level programming problem of complex nonlinear multi-constraint optimization with the shortest path. The example verification shows that the EV space-time load model and locating and sizing bi-level planning model of the CSDSIS are feasible and effective.
引文
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[8]陈丽丹,聂涌泉,钟庆.基于出行链的电动汽车充电负荷预测模型[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(4):216-225.Chen Lidan,Nie Yongquan,Zhong Qing.A model for electric vehicle charging load forecasting based on trip chains[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(4):216-225(in Chinese).
[9]邵尹池,穆云飞,余晓丹,等."车-路-网"模式下电动汽车充电负荷时空预测及其对配电网潮流的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5207-5219.Shao Yinchi,Mu Yunfei,Yu Xiaodan,et al.A spatialtemporal charging load forecast and impact analysis method for distribution network using EVs-trafficdistribution model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5207-5219(in Chinese).
[10]苏舒,林湘宁,张宏志,等.电动汽车充电需求时空分布动态演化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4618-4629.Su Shu,Lin Xiangning,Zhang Hongzhi,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution model of electric vehicle charging demand[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4618-4629(in Chinese).
[11]所丽,唐巍,白牧可,等.考虑削峰填谷的配电网集中型充电站选址定容规划[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1052-1060.Suo Li,Tang Wei,Bai Muke,et al.Locating and sizing of centralized charging stations in distribution network considering load shifting[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1052-1060(in Chinese).
[12]葛少云,冯亮,刘洪,等.考虑车流信息与配电网络容量约束的充电站规划[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):582-589.Ge Shaoyun,Feng Liang,Liu Hong,et al.Planning of charging stations considering traffic flow and capacity constraints of distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):582-589(in Chinese).
[13]钱斌,石东源,谢平平,等.电动公交车换电站-电池充电站优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(2):64-69.Qian Bin,Shi Dongyuan,Xie Pingping,et al.Optimal planning of battery charging and exchange stations for electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(2):64-69(in Chinese).
[14]郭春林,肖湘宁.电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法与模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):70-75.Guo Chunlin,Xiao Xiangning.Planning method and model of electric vehicle charging infrastructure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):70-75(in Chinese).
[15]刘自发,张伟,王泽黎.基于量子粒子群优化算法的城市电动汽车充电站优化布局[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(22):39-46.Liu Zifa,Zhang Wei,Wang Zeli.Optimal planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on Quantum PSO algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(22):39-46(in Chinese).
[16]谭洋洋,杨洪耕,徐方维,等.基于投资收益与用户效用耦合决策的电动汽车充电站优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(20):5951-5960.Tan Yangyang,Yang Honggeng,Xu Fangwei,et al.Optimal allocation of charging station for electric vehicle based on coupled decision of investment benefit and user utility[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(20):5951-5960(in Chinese).
[17]徐方维,谭洋洋,杨洪耕,等.兼顾不同角色利益的集中型充电站优化布局[J].高电压技术,2017,43(4):1256-1262.Xu Fangwei,Tan Yangyang,Yang Honggeng,et al.Optimal planning of centralized charging stations considering benefits for different roles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(4):1256-1262(in Chinese).
[18]所丽,向驰,唐巍,等.均衡不同主体利益的集中型充电站多目标二层规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):100-107.Suo Li,Xiang Chi,Tang Wei,et al.Multi-objective bi-level programming of centralized charging station considering benefits balance for different subjects[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):100-107(in Chinese).
[19]Ding Shichuan,Hang Jun,Wei Baolei,et al.Modelling of super capacitors based on SVM and PSO algorithms[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2018,12(4):502-507.
[20]Zhang Jindong,Feng Yujie,Shi Feifei,et al.Vehicle routing in urban areas based on the oil consumption Weight-Dijkstra algorithm[J].IET Intelligent Transport Systems,2016,10(7):495-502.
[21]彭春华,于蓉,孙惠娟.基于K-均值聚类多场景时序特性分析的分布式电源多目标规划[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(10):58-65.Peng Chunhua,Yu Rong,Sun Huijuan.Multi-objective DG planning based on K-means clustering and multiscenario timing characteristics analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(10):58-65(in Chinese).
[22]马艳丽,高月娥.我国未来汽车保有量情景预测研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(1):121-125.Ma Yanli,Gao Yuee.Forecast of automobile population in China[J].Journal of Highway Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(1):121-125(in Chinese).
[23]张明锐,谢青青,李路遥,等.考虑电动汽车能量管理的微网储能容量优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4663-4673.Zhang Mingrui,Xie Qingqing,Li Luyao,et al.Optimal sizing of energy storage for microgrids considering energy management of electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4663-4673(in Chinese).
[25]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.Tian Liting,Shi Shuanglong,Jia Zhuo.A statistical model for charging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):126-130(in Chinese).
[26]林俊豪,古雄文,马丽.基于优化调度的用户侧电池储能配置及控制方法[J].储能科学与技术,2018,7(1):90-100.Lin Junhao,Gu Xiongwen,Ma Li.Optimal sizing and control of demand-side battery energy storage system[J].Energy Storage Science and Technology,2018,7(1):90-100(in Chinese).
[27]曹一家,刘易珠,阙凌燕,等.换电站与电网协调的多目标双层实时充放电调度方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):38-42.Cao Yijia,Liu Yizhu,Que Lingyan,et al.Multi-objective bi-level real-time charging/discharging dispatch with coordination of BSS and grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,35(4):38-42(in Chinese).
[28]高赐威,张亮,薛飞,等.集中型充电站容量规划模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):27-34.Gao Ciwei,Zhang Liang,Xue Fei,et al.Study on capacity and site planning of large-scale centralized charging stations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):27-34(in Chinese).
[29]吕涛,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等.分布式电源与配电网架多目标协调规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):139-145(in Chinese).LüTao,Tang Wei,Cong Pengwei,et al.Multi-objective coordinated planning of distribution network incorporating distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):139-145.
[30]DB11/T 595-2008.公共停车场工程建设规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.DB11/T 595-2008.Standard for construction of public parking lots[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.
[2]吴万禄,周江昕,余浩斌,等.含充放储一体化电站的电网供电能力评估[J].电网技术,2018,42(4):1266-1273.Wu Wanlu,Zhou Jiangxin,Yu Haobin,et al.Power supply capability evaluation of power grid containing integrated charging-discharging-storage station[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(4):1266-1273(in Chinese).
[3]贾玉健,冯俊淇,杨敏霞,等.充放储一体化电站的广义能量周期性控制[J].电力科学与技术学报,2013,28(4):3-9.Jia Yujian,Feng Junqi,Yang Minxia,et al.General energy periodic control for EV change-diachange-storege integrated stations[J].Journal of Electric Power Science and Technology,2013,28(4):3-9(in Chinese).
[4]韦钢,李明,卢炜,等.充放储一体站并网的多级阶梯电压控制分区方法[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(15):3823-3831.Wei Gang,Li Ming,Lu Wei,et al.Multistage ladder voltage control partitioning method containing gridconnected charging-discharging-storage integrative station[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(15):3823-3831(in Chinese).
[5]娄宇成,贾玉健,冯俊淇,等.充放储一体化站孤岛运行控制策略研究[J].电力系统及其自动化学报,2014,36(3):80-82.Lou Yucheng,Jia Yujian,Feng Junqi,et al.A study on the control strategy for the islanded operation of the charge-discharge-storage integrated station[J].Power System and Automation,2014,36(3):80-82(in Chinese).
[6]杨敏霞,刘高维,房新雨,等.计及电网状态的充放储一体化站运行模式探讨[J].电网技术,2013,37(5):1202-1208.Yang Minxia,Liu Gaowei,Fang Xinyu,et al.Discussion on operation mode of charging-discharging-storage integrated station considering power network statuses[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(5):1202-1208(in Chinese).
[7]张洪财,胡泽春,宋永华,等.考虑时空分布的电动汽车充电负荷预测方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(1):13-20.Zhang Hongcai,Hu Zechun,Song Yonghua,et al.Aprediction method for electric vehicle charging load considering spatial and temporal dribution[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(1):13-20(in Chinese).
[8]陈丽丹,聂涌泉,钟庆.基于出行链的电动汽车充电负荷预测模型[J].电工技术学报,2015,30(4):216-225.Chen Lidan,Nie Yongquan,Zhong Qing.A model for electric vehicle charging load forecasting based on trip chains[J].Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society,2015,30(4):216-225(in Chinese).
[9]邵尹池,穆云飞,余晓丹,等."车-路-网"模式下电动汽车充电负荷时空预测及其对配电网潮流的影响[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(18):5207-5219.Shao Yinchi,Mu Yunfei,Yu Xiaodan,et al.A spatialtemporal charging load forecast and impact analysis method for distribution network using EVs-trafficdistribution model[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(18):5207-5219(in Chinese).
[10]苏舒,林湘宁,张宏志,等.电动汽车充电需求时空分布动态演化模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(16):4618-4629.Su Shu,Lin Xiangning,Zhang Hongzhi,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution model of electric vehicle charging demand[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(16):4618-4629(in Chinese).
[11]所丽,唐巍,白牧可,等.考虑削峰填谷的配电网集中型充电站选址定容规划[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(7):1052-1060.Suo Li,Tang Wei,Bai Muke,et al.Locating and sizing of centralized charging stations in distribution network considering load shifting[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(7):1052-1060(in Chinese).
[12]葛少云,冯亮,刘洪,等.考虑车流信息与配电网络容量约束的充电站规划[J].电网技术,2013,37(3):582-589.Ge Shaoyun,Feng Liang,Liu Hong,et al.Planning of charging stations considering traffic flow and capacity constraints of distribution network[J].Power System Technology,2013,37(3):582-589(in Chinese).
[13]钱斌,石东源,谢平平,等.电动公交车换电站-电池充电站优化规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(2):64-69.Qian Bin,Shi Dongyuan,Xie Pingping,et al.Optimal planning of battery charging and exchange stations for electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(2):64-69(in Chinese).
[14]郭春林,肖湘宁.电动汽车充电基础设施规划方法与模型[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(13):70-75.Guo Chunlin,Xiao Xiangning.Planning method and model of electric vehicle charging infrastructure[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(13):70-75(in Chinese).
[15]刘自发,张伟,王泽黎.基于量子粒子群优化算法的城市电动汽车充电站优化布局[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(22):39-46.Liu Zifa,Zhang Wei,Wang Zeli.Optimal planning of charging station for electric vehicle based on Quantum PSO algorithm[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(22):39-46(in Chinese).
[16]谭洋洋,杨洪耕,徐方维,等.基于投资收益与用户效用耦合决策的电动汽车充电站优化配置[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(20):5951-5960.Tan Yangyang,Yang Honggeng,Xu Fangwei,et al.Optimal allocation of charging station for electric vehicle based on coupled decision of investment benefit and user utility[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(20):5951-5960(in Chinese).
[17]徐方维,谭洋洋,杨洪耕,等.兼顾不同角色利益的集中型充电站优化布局[J].高电压技术,2017,43(4):1256-1262.Xu Fangwei,Tan Yangyang,Yang Honggeng,et al.Optimal planning of centralized charging stations considering benefits for different roles[J].High Voltage Engineering,2017,43(4):1256-1262(in Chinese).
[18]所丽,向驰,唐巍,等.均衡不同主体利益的集中型充电站多目标二层规划[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(12):100-107.Suo Li,Xiang Chi,Tang Wei,et al.Multi-objective bi-level programming of centralized charging station considering benefits balance for different subjects[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(12):100-107(in Chinese).
[19]Ding Shichuan,Hang Jun,Wei Baolei,et al.Modelling of super capacitors based on SVM and PSO algorithms[J].IET Electric Power Applications,2018,12(4):502-507.
[20]Zhang Jindong,Feng Yujie,Shi Feifei,et al.Vehicle routing in urban areas based on the oil consumption Weight-Dijkstra algorithm[J].IET Intelligent Transport Systems,2016,10(7):495-502.
[21]彭春华,于蓉,孙惠娟.基于K-均值聚类多场景时序特性分析的分布式电源多目标规划[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(10):58-65.Peng Chunhua,Yu Rong,Sun Huijuan.Multi-objective DG planning based on K-means clustering and multiscenario timing characteristics analysis[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2015,35(10):58-65(in Chinese).
[22]马艳丽,高月娥.我国未来汽车保有量情景预测研究[J].公路交通科技,2007,24(1):121-125.Ma Yanli,Gao Yuee.Forecast of automobile population in China[J].Journal of Highway Transportation Research and Development,2007,24(1):121-125(in Chinese).
[23]张明锐,谢青青,李路遥,等.考虑电动汽车能量管理的微网储能容量优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2015,35(18):4663-4673.Zhang Mingrui,Xie Qingqing,Li Luyao,et al.Optimal sizing of energy storage for microgrids considering energy management of electric vehicles[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2015,35(18):4663-4673(in Chinese).
[25]田立亭,史双龙,贾卓.电动汽车充电功率需求的统计学建模方法[J].电网技术,2010,34(11):126-130.Tian Liting,Shi Shuanglong,Jia Zhuo.A statistical model for charging power demand of electric vehicles[J].Power System Technology,2010,34(11):126-130(in Chinese).
[26]林俊豪,古雄文,马丽.基于优化调度的用户侧电池储能配置及控制方法[J].储能科学与技术,2018,7(1):90-100.Lin Junhao,Gu Xiongwen,Ma Li.Optimal sizing and control of demand-side battery energy storage system[J].Energy Storage Science and Technology,2018,7(1):90-100(in Chinese).
[27]曹一家,刘易珠,阙凌燕,等.换电站与电网协调的多目标双层实时充放电调度方法[J].电力自动化设备,2015,35(4):38-42.Cao Yijia,Liu Yizhu,Que Lingyan,et al.Multi-objective bi-level real-time charging/discharging dispatch with coordination of BSS and grid[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,35(4):38-42(in Chinese).
[28]高赐威,张亮,薛飞,等.集中型充电站容量规划模型研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(31):27-34.Gao Ciwei,Zhang Liang,Xue Fei,et al.Study on capacity and site planning of large-scale centralized charging stations[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(31):27-34(in Chinese).
[29]吕涛,唐巍,丛鹏伟,等.分布式电源与配电网架多目标协调规划[J].电力系统自动化,2013,37(21):139-145(in Chinese).LüTao,Tang Wei,Cong Pengwei,et al.Multi-objective coordinated planning of distribution network incorporating distributed generators[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2013,37(21):139-145.
[30]DB11/T 595-2008.公共停车场工程建设规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.DB11/T 595-2008.Standard for construction of public parking lots[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2008.