基于卡尔曼转速观测器时频变换的失火故障诊断
|
摘要
针对节气门开度和负载的随机大幅突变而导致的复杂工况下发动机失火诊断策略精度下降的问题,提出利用爆炸及燃烧学理论和牛顿运动定律对发动机汽缸内部做功时的爆炸形式进行建模,建立关于节气门开度和负载的一步迭代转速模型。利用卡尔曼滤波器对转速迭代模型的输出进行最优估计以消除噪声影响。针对失火故障按失火缸数进行分类,提出转速一步迭代模型和转速实际观测值的序列残差变化率时频变换分析法,即对转速一步迭代模型和转速观测值残差序列变化率的频率特性进行分析,得到报警阈值,进而得出失火诊断策略。AMESim软件仿真结果表明:失火工况和非失火工况以及不同的失火类型对应的残差序列变化率的时频特性在低频、基频和倍频的幅值上存在明显的差异,利用神经网络对不同的失火类型表现出的不同频谱特性进行分类,完成对失火故障类型的确定,证明了本方法的可行性、有效性和精确性。
In existing misfire detection strategy,the throttle opening value and load should be constant or the accuracy of the detection strategy under complex situations will be badly effected.To solve this problem,a novel engine model based on explosion and burning theory together with Newton law is proposed.This model is an iteration model associated with throttle opening value and load.Kalman filter is then used to estimate the optimal output of the iteration model.Misfire fault is classified according to the number of cylinder,which is malfunction.The threshold is determined by transforming the change rate of residual series between Kalman observer speed optimal value and crankshaft speed value from time domain to frequency domain.Misfire detection strategy called time-frequency transform of residual is then determined.The misfire fault in frequency domain is analyzed to gain the characteristic of each fault.AMESim is used to simulate the model.Results show that relating to different kinds of misfire there exist obvious differences of residual series time-frequency characteristics on low-frequency,fundamental-frequency and doubling-frequency under both misfire condition and normal condition.Neural network is used to complete the fault classification due to the characteristics each fault presented.The feasibility,validity and accuracy of the proposed model are proven.
In existing misfire detection strategy,the throttle opening value and load should be constant or the accuracy of the detection strategy under complex situations will be badly effected.To solve this problem,a novel engine model based on explosion and burning theory together with Newton law is proposed.This model is an iteration model associated with throttle opening value and load.Kalman filter is then used to estimate the optimal output of the iteration model.Misfire fault is classified according to the number of cylinder,which is malfunction.The threshold is determined by transforming the change rate of residual series between Kalman observer speed optimal value and crankshaft speed value from time domain to frequency domain.Misfire detection strategy called time-frequency transform of residual is then determined.The misfire fault in frequency domain is analyzed to gain the characteristic of each fault.AMESim is used to simulate the model.Results show that relating to different kinds of misfire there exist obvious differences of residual series time-frequency characteristics on low-frequency,fundamental-frequency and doubling-frequency under both misfire condition and normal condition.Neural network is used to complete the fault classification due to the characteristics each fault presented.The feasibility,validity and accuracy of the proposed model are proven.
引文
[1]濮立俊,杨建国,王志华,等.利用发动机瞬时转速波动诊断气门漏气故障[J].武汉交通科技大学学报,2000,24(1):59-63.Pu Li-jun,Yang Jian-guo,Wang Zhi-hua,et al.Diagnosing leakage of valves in engines by analyzing instantaneous speed fluctuations[J].Journal of Wuhan Transportation University,2000,24(1):59-63.
[2]任卫军,贺昱曜,张卫钢.基于曲轴段加速度的内燃机失火故障在线诊断[J].汽车工程,2010,32(4):339-342.Ren Wei-jun,He Yi-yao,Zhang Wei-gang.On-line diagnosis on misfire fault of internal combustion engine based on crankshaft segment acceleration[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(4):339-342.
[3]Siegfried H, Martin K,Stefan J.Combustion torque estimation and misfirre detection for calibration of combustion engines by parametric Kalman filtering[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(11):4326-4337.
[4]Muddassar A R,Aamer I B,Qarab R B.Hybrid model of the gasoline engine for misfire detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(8):3680-3692.
[5]Naik S.Advanced misfire detection using adaptive signal processing[J].International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing,2010,18(2):181-198.
[6]栾军英,王虹,田昊,等.利用瞬时转速诊断站系统中原动机的失火故障[J].机械强度,2006(增刊1):56-59.Luan Jun-ying,Wang Hong,Tian Hao,et al.Application of transient rotational speed on diagnosing motor misfire of power station[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2006(Sup.1):56-59.
[7]胡重庆,李艾华,朱春红,等.基于瞬时转速统计分析的内燃机失火检测[J].内燃机学报,2009,27(5):446-451.Hu Chong-qing,Li Ai-hua,Zhu Chun-hong,et al.Misfire detection based on statistical analysis of instantaneous rational speed[J].Transactions of CSICE,2009,27(5):446-451.
[8]蔡凤英,谈宗山,孟赫.化工安全工程[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:33-50.
[9]沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:29-46.
[10]Silke S,Haris H,Wolfgang F,et al.Model based engine speed evaluation for single-cylinder engine control[C]∥SEA Paper,2012-32-0044.
[11]Meng Jin-hao,Luo Guang-zhao,Gao Fei.Lithium polymer battery state-of-charge estimation based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter and support vector machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(3):2226-2238.
[12]Saeed J,Cristian L,Sami F.State estimation of induction motor drives using the unscented Kalman filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(11):4207-4216.
[13]奥本海默.信号与系统[M].刘树棠译.2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2007:302-319,371-380.
[14]侯玉春,黄震,李德钢,等.发动机缸内压力信号频谱分析及滤波方法的研究[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(4):14-18.Hou Yu-chun,Huang Zhen,Li De-gang,et al.Study on frequency band analysis and flitering for pressure signal in engine cylinder[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2005,24(4):14-18.
[15]Yang Y,Peng Z K,Dong X J,et al.General parameterized time-frequency transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2014,62(11):2751-2764.
[16]Kar S,Samantaray S R.Time-frequency transformbased differential scheme for microgrid protection[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(2):310-320.
[17]Liu Qi-fang,Chen Hong,Hu Yun-feng,et al.Modeling and control of the fuel injection system for rail pressure regulation in GDI engine[J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2014,19(5):1501-1513.
[2]任卫军,贺昱曜,张卫钢.基于曲轴段加速度的内燃机失火故障在线诊断[J].汽车工程,2010,32(4):339-342.Ren Wei-jun,He Yi-yao,Zhang Wei-gang.On-line diagnosis on misfire fault of internal combustion engine based on crankshaft segment acceleration[J].Automotive Engineering,2010,32(4):339-342.
[3]Siegfried H, Martin K,Stefan J.Combustion torque estimation and misfirre detection for calibration of combustion engines by parametric Kalman filtering[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(11):4326-4337.
[4]Muddassar A R,Aamer I B,Qarab R B.Hybrid model of the gasoline engine for misfire detection[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2011,58(8):3680-3692.
[5]Naik S.Advanced misfire detection using adaptive signal processing[J].International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing,2010,18(2):181-198.
[6]栾军英,王虹,田昊,等.利用瞬时转速诊断站系统中原动机的失火故障[J].机械强度,2006(增刊1):56-59.Luan Jun-ying,Wang Hong,Tian Hao,et al.Application of transient rotational speed on diagnosing motor misfire of power station[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2006(Sup.1):56-59.
[7]胡重庆,李艾华,朱春红,等.基于瞬时转速统计分析的内燃机失火检测[J].内燃机学报,2009,27(5):446-451.Hu Chong-qing,Li Ai-hua,Zhu Chun-hong,et al.Misfire detection based on statistical analysis of instantaneous rational speed[J].Transactions of CSICE,2009,27(5):446-451.
[8]蔡凤英,谈宗山,孟赫.化工安全工程[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2009:33-50.
[9]沈维道,蒋智敏,童钧耕.工程热力学[M].3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2000:29-46.
[10]Silke S,Haris H,Wolfgang F,et al.Model based engine speed evaluation for single-cylinder engine control[C]∥SEA Paper,2012-32-0044.
[11]Meng Jin-hao,Luo Guang-zhao,Gao Fei.Lithium polymer battery state-of-charge estimation based on adaptive unscented Kalman filter and support vector machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2016,31(3):2226-2238.
[12]Saeed J,Cristian L,Sami F.State estimation of induction motor drives using the unscented Kalman filter[J].IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,2012,59(11):4207-4216.
[13]奥本海默.信号与系统[M].刘树棠译.2版.西安:西安交通大学出版社,2007:302-319,371-380.
[14]侯玉春,黄震,李德钢,等.发动机缸内压力信号频谱分析及滤波方法的研究[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(4):14-18.Hou Yu-chun,Huang Zhen,Li De-gang,et al.Study on frequency band analysis and flitering for pressure signal in engine cylinder[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2005,24(4):14-18.
[15]Yang Y,Peng Z K,Dong X J,et al.General parameterized time-frequency transform[J].IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing,2014,62(11):2751-2764.
[16]Kar S,Samantaray S R.Time-frequency transformbased differential scheme for microgrid protection[J].IET Generation,Transmission&Distribution,2014,8(2):310-320.
[17]Liu Qi-fang,Chen Hong,Hu Yun-feng,et al.Modeling and control of the fuel injection system for rail pressure regulation in GDI engine[J].IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics,2014,19(5):1501-1513.