高铁促进了沿线城市之间的学术合作吗?
|
摘要
[目的/意义]以高铁对科研合作的影响为例,探讨技术进步拉近时空距离之后产生的社会影响。[研究设计/方法]基于微软学术数据收录的中国京沪高铁沿线城市发表于2000—2016年间的论文,采用对非平稳时间序列的一阶差分与非参数假设检验,比较了京沪高铁开通前后沿线城市合作强度的变化。[结论/发现]京沪高铁开通之后,沿线城市的学术合作强度发生了显著提升,中小城市从中受益更大。此外,论证了这种提升并非经济发展与人力投入等因素所致。[创新/价值]文献数据与交通数据的结合显示高铁线路正在改变城市时空格局,与大城市相比,中小城市的科研成果在交通发展中得到更大的提升。
[Purpose/Significance] Taking the influence of high-speed railway on scientific research cooperation as an example,we elaborates the social effect of the commuting time shortened by scientific and technological progress. [Design/Methodology]Based on academic publications in Microsoft Scholar during the period from 2000 to 2016,by using the methods of non-parametric tests and difference tests,we compares the changes in cooperation intensity between cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway. [Findings/Conclusion] It has been found out that the cooperation intensity between cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway significantly increased after its opening. In addition,we prove that the increase has no relationship with economic development or manpower investment. [Originality/Value] The combination of scientific data and transportation data shows that the opening of high speed railways has changed scientific research cooperation pattern and performance of cities along them. Compared with big cities,there have been more achievements gained in medium and smal cities attributing to the development of transportation.
[Purpose/Significance] Taking the influence of high-speed railway on scientific research cooperation as an example,we elaborates the social effect of the commuting time shortened by scientific and technological progress. [Design/Methodology]Based on academic publications in Microsoft Scholar during the period from 2000 to 2016,by using the methods of non-parametric tests and difference tests,we compares the changes in cooperation intensity between cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway. [Findings/Conclusion] It has been found out that the cooperation intensity between cities along the Beijing-Shanghai high speed railway significantly increased after its opening. In addition,we prove that the increase has no relationship with economic development or manpower investment. [Originality/Value] The combination of scientific data and transportation data shows that the opening of high speed railways has changed scientific research cooperation pattern and performance of cities along them. Compared with big cities,there have been more achievements gained in medium and smal cities attributing to the development of transportation.
引文
1 Newman M E.Coauthorship Networks and Patterns of Scientific Collaboration[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2004,101(Supplement 1):5200.
2 Newman M E J.The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U-nited States of America,2001,98(2):404-409.
3 Bozeman B,Boardman C.Research Collaboration and Team Science:A State-of-the-Art Review and Agenda[M].Springerbriefs in Entrepreneurship&Innovation,2014.
4,10 Zhang C,Bu Y,Ding Y,et al.Understanding Scientific Collaboration:Homophily,Transitivity,and Preferential Attachment[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2018,69(1):72-86.
5,29 Hoekman J,Frenken K,Tijssen R J W.Research Collaboration at a Distance:Changing Spatial Patterns of Scientific Collaboration within Europe[J].Research Policy,2010,39(5):662-673.
6 Liang L,Zhu L.Major Factors Affecting China's Inter-regional Research Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geographical Proximity[J].Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
7,31,37 Scherngell T,Hu Y J.Collaborative Knowledge Production in China:Regional Evidence from a Gravity Model Approach[J].Regional Studies,2011,45(6):755-772.
8 Wang W,Yu S,Bekele T M,et al.Scientific Collaboration Patterns Vary with Scholars'Academic Ages[J].Scientometrics,2017,112(1):329-343.
9lker Türker,?avu?o?lu A.Detailing the Co-authorship Networks in Degree Coupling,Edge Weight and Academic Age Perspective[J].Chaos Solitons&Fractals the Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science&Nonequilibrium&Complex Phenomena,2016,91:386-392.
11 Ding Y.Scientific Collaboration and Endorsement:Network Analysis of Coauthorship and Citation Networks[J].Journal of Informetrics,2011,5(1):187-203.
12 Xie Z,Ouyang Z,Li J,et al.Modelling Transition Phenomena of Scientific Coauthorship Networks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2017,69(2):305-317.
13 Reich S M,Reich J A.Cultural Competence in Interdisciplinary Collaborations:a Method for Respecting Diversity in Research Partnerships[J].American Journal of Community Psychology,2006,38(1-2):51-62.
14,15 Siemens L,Burr E.A Trip Around the World:Accommodating Geographical,Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Academic Research Teams[J].Literary&Linguistic Computing,2013,28(2):331-343.
16 Kim E,Choi S,Kang S.The Impact of R&D Team Diversity to R&D Performance:KIST Case[C]//2013 Proceedings of PIC-MET’13(Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services).Piscataway,New Jersey:IEEE,2013:1892-1896.
17 Lungeanu A,Contractor N S.The Effects of Diversity and Network Ties on Innovations:The Emergence of a New Scientific Field[J].American Behavioral Scientist,2015,59(5):548.
18 Sampson R C.R&D Alliances and Firm Performance:The Impact of Technological Diversity and Alliance Organization on Innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):364-386.
19 Bercovitz J,Feldman M.The Mechanisms of Collaboration in Inventive Teams:Composition,Social Networks,and Geography[J].Research Policy,2011,40(1):81-93.
20 Basu A,Aggarwal R.International Collaboration in Science in India and its Impact on Institutional Performance[J].Scientometrics,2001,52(3):379-394.
21 Newman M E J.The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U-nited States of America,2001,98(2):404-409.
22 Newman M E J.Clustering and Preferential Attachment in Growing Networks.[J].Physical review.E,Statistical,nonlinear,and soft matter physics,2001,64(2):025102.
23 Xie Z,Ouyang Z,Li J,et al.Modelling Transition Phenomena of Scientific Coauthorship Networks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2017,69(2):305-317.
24 Lemarchand G A.The Long-term Dynamics of Co-authorship Scientific Networks:Iberoamerican Countries(1973-2010)[J].Research Policy,2010,41(2):291-305.
25 Barabási A L,Jeong H,Néda Z,et al.Evolution of the Social Network of Scientific Collaborations[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics&Its Applications,2002,311(3):590-614.
26 Schubert A,Gl?nzel W.Cross-national Preference in Co-authorship,References and Citations[J].Scientometrics,2006,69(2):409-428.
27 Abbasi A,Jaafari A.Research Impact and Scholars’Geographical Diversity[J].Journal of Informetrics,2013,7(3):683-692.
28 Ponomarev I V,Lawton B K,Williams D E,et al.Breakthrough Paper Indicator 2.0:Can Geographical Diversity and Interdisciplinarity Improve the Accuracy of Outstanding Papers Prediction?[J].Scientometrics,2014,100(3):755-765.
30 Liang L,Zhu L.Major Factors Affecting China's Inter-regional Research Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geographical Proximity[J].Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
32 Ma H,Fang C,Pang B,et al.The Effect of Geographical Proximity on Scientific Cooperation Among Chinese Cities from 1990 to2010[J].Plos One,2014,9(11):e111705.
33,35 Jiang S Q,Shi A N,Peng Z H,et al.Major Factors Affecting Cross-city R&D Collaborations in China:Evidence from Crosssectional Co-patent Data between 224 Cities[J].Scientometrics,2017,111(3):1251-1266.
34,36 Dong X,Zheng S,Kahn M E.The Role of Transportation Speed in Facilitating High Skilled Teamwork[J].Nber Working Papers,2018:24539.
2 Newman M E J.The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U-nited States of America,2001,98(2):404-409.
3 Bozeman B,Boardman C.Research Collaboration and Team Science:A State-of-the-Art Review and Agenda[M].Springerbriefs in Entrepreneurship&Innovation,2014.
4,10 Zhang C,Bu Y,Ding Y,et al.Understanding Scientific Collaboration:Homophily,Transitivity,and Preferential Attachment[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2018,69(1):72-86.
5,29 Hoekman J,Frenken K,Tijssen R J W.Research Collaboration at a Distance:Changing Spatial Patterns of Scientific Collaboration within Europe[J].Research Policy,2010,39(5):662-673.
6 Liang L,Zhu L.Major Factors Affecting China's Inter-regional Research Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geographical Proximity[J].Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
7,31,37 Scherngell T,Hu Y J.Collaborative Knowledge Production in China:Regional Evidence from a Gravity Model Approach[J].Regional Studies,2011,45(6):755-772.
8 Wang W,Yu S,Bekele T M,et al.Scientific Collaboration Patterns Vary with Scholars'Academic Ages[J].Scientometrics,2017,112(1):329-343.
9lker Türker,?avu?o?lu A.Detailing the Co-authorship Networks in Degree Coupling,Edge Weight and Academic Age Perspective[J].Chaos Solitons&Fractals the Interdisciplinary Journal of Nonlinear Science&Nonequilibrium&Complex Phenomena,2016,91:386-392.
11 Ding Y.Scientific Collaboration and Endorsement:Network Analysis of Coauthorship and Citation Networks[J].Journal of Informetrics,2011,5(1):187-203.
12 Xie Z,Ouyang Z,Li J,et al.Modelling Transition Phenomena of Scientific Coauthorship Networks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2017,69(2):305-317.
13 Reich S M,Reich J A.Cultural Competence in Interdisciplinary Collaborations:a Method for Respecting Diversity in Research Partnerships[J].American Journal of Community Psychology,2006,38(1-2):51-62.
14,15 Siemens L,Burr E.A Trip Around the World:Accommodating Geographical,Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Academic Research Teams[J].Literary&Linguistic Computing,2013,28(2):331-343.
16 Kim E,Choi S,Kang S.The Impact of R&D Team Diversity to R&D Performance:KIST Case[C]//2013 Proceedings of PIC-MET’13(Technology Management in the IT-Driven Services).Piscataway,New Jersey:IEEE,2013:1892-1896.
17 Lungeanu A,Contractor N S.The Effects of Diversity and Network Ties on Innovations:The Emergence of a New Scientific Field[J].American Behavioral Scientist,2015,59(5):548.
18 Sampson R C.R&D Alliances and Firm Performance:The Impact of Technological Diversity and Alliance Organization on Innovation[J].Academy of Management Journal,2007,50(2):364-386.
19 Bercovitz J,Feldman M.The Mechanisms of Collaboration in Inventive Teams:Composition,Social Networks,and Geography[J].Research Policy,2011,40(1):81-93.
20 Basu A,Aggarwal R.International Collaboration in Science in India and its Impact on Institutional Performance[J].Scientometrics,2001,52(3):379-394.
21 Newman M E J.The Structure of Scientific Collaboration Networks[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U-nited States of America,2001,98(2):404-409.
22 Newman M E J.Clustering and Preferential Attachment in Growing Networks.[J].Physical review.E,Statistical,nonlinear,and soft matter physics,2001,64(2):025102.
23 Xie Z,Ouyang Z,Li J,et al.Modelling Transition Phenomena of Scientific Coauthorship Networks[J].Journal of the Association for Information Science&Technology,2017,69(2):305-317.
24 Lemarchand G A.The Long-term Dynamics of Co-authorship Scientific Networks:Iberoamerican Countries(1973-2010)[J].Research Policy,2010,41(2):291-305.
25 Barabási A L,Jeong H,Néda Z,et al.Evolution of the Social Network of Scientific Collaborations[J].Physica A Statistical Mechanics&Its Applications,2002,311(3):590-614.
26 Schubert A,Gl?nzel W.Cross-national Preference in Co-authorship,References and Citations[J].Scientometrics,2006,69(2):409-428.
27 Abbasi A,Jaafari A.Research Impact and Scholars’Geographical Diversity[J].Journal of Informetrics,2013,7(3):683-692.
28 Ponomarev I V,Lawton B K,Williams D E,et al.Breakthrough Paper Indicator 2.0:Can Geographical Diversity and Interdisciplinarity Improve the Accuracy of Outstanding Papers Prediction?[J].Scientometrics,2014,100(3):755-765.
30 Liang L,Zhu L.Major Factors Affecting China's Inter-regional Research Collaboration:Regional Scientific Productivity and Geographical Proximity[J].Scientometrics,2002,55(2):287-316.
32 Ma H,Fang C,Pang B,et al.The Effect of Geographical Proximity on Scientific Cooperation Among Chinese Cities from 1990 to2010[J].Plos One,2014,9(11):e111705.
33,35 Jiang S Q,Shi A N,Peng Z H,et al.Major Factors Affecting Cross-city R&D Collaborations in China:Evidence from Crosssectional Co-patent Data between 224 Cities[J].Scientometrics,2017,111(3):1251-1266.
34,36 Dong X,Zheng S,Kahn M E.The Role of Transportation Speed in Facilitating High Skilled Teamwork[J].Nber Working Papers,2018:24539.